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  • Depression  (5)
  • Alzheimer’s disease  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Konstrukt Lebensqualität Metaanalytische Validierung und die Entwicklung eines modularen Erhebungssystems (1999)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 41-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lebensqualität ; Metaanalyse ; Depressive ; Schizophrene ; Facettenanalyse ; Modulares System ; Key words Quality of life ; Metaanalysis ; Depression ; Schizophrenia ; Facet analysis ; Modular system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The construct Quality of Life (QoL) is investigated by metaanalysis of eight (inter)nationally validated questionnaires in a multicenter study. Data have been collected in a mentally healthy (n=479), a depressed (n=171) and a schizophrenic (n=139) sample. Conventional psychometric criteria and a facet analytical methodology have been applied. The resulting questionnaire „Modular System for Quality of Life” (MSQoL) consists of a core module with 47 items (one „G-factor” and six subdimensions), which is sufficiently valid for all three samples. Additionally, there are four specific modules (demography, family, partnership, profession). No specific modules can be identified for the psychopathological subgroups. The validated radex structure for subjective QoL offers the opportunity for a cumulative research design and for adaptations to the actual setting.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer von der Arbeitsgruppe „Lebensqualität (LQ)” der „Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Methodik und Dokumentation in der Psychiatrie” (AMDP) unterstützten multizentrischen Studie wird das Konstrukt Lebensqualität (LQ) anhand von acht (inter)national validierten Erhebungsinstrumenten sowie einer gesunden (n=479), einer depressiven (n=171) und einer schizophrenen (n=139) Stichprobe metaanalytisch untersucht. Neben herkömmlichen psychometrischen Kriterien liegt der methodische Schwerpunkt dabei auf einem facettenanalytischen Vorgehen. Der resultierende Fragebogen „Modulares System zur Lebensqualität” (MSLQ) besteht aus einem für alle 3 Stichproben hinreichend validen Kernmodul mit 47 Items (ein „G-Faktor” und 6 Subdimensionen) sowie 4 spezifischen Modulen (Demographie, Familie, Partnerschaft, Beruf). Für die psychopathologischen Subgruppen lassen sich keine spezifischen Module etablieren. Die validierte Struktur der subjektiv eingeschätzten Lebensqualität (in Form einer facettenanalytischen Radexkonstellation) bietet die Möglichkeit zu einer kumulativ angelegten Forschung und einer untersuchungsspezifischen Anpassung des MSLQ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050399
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suicidality in bipolar compared to unipolar depressed inpatients (2000)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 250 (2000), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words Unipolar ; Bipolar ; Depression ; Suicidality ; Suicide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present analyses was to evaluate differences in suicidality (past suicide attempts, suicidal thoughts at time of admission and completed suicides during the hospital stay) between bipolar and unipolar depressed inpatients. Apart from a higher frequency of past suicide attempts in bipolar depressed patients (26.6% in bipolar vs. 17.8% in unipolar patients), findings do not indicate any further differences in suicidality (suicidal thoughts (about 40% in both groups) and completed suicides during the hospital stay (0.8% in both groups)) between bipolar and unipolar patients. Factors with a predictive value for suicidal thoughts at the time of admission were a positive family history for affective disorders, past suicide attempts, and the depressive and paranoid hallucinatory syndrome (all associated with an increased risk). Female gender, an older age at hospitalisation and a longer duration of the illness were found to be associated with a lower probability for having suicidal tendencies at the time of admission. The risk for committing suicide during the hospital stay was increased if the patients had a history of past suicide attempts and suicidal thoughts at the time of admission. A more pronounced depressive syndrome at time of admission was slightly associated with a lower risk of committing suicide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004060070016
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SPECT patterns in probable Alzheimer’s disease (1999)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 249 (1999), S. 190-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words HMPAO-SPECT ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Hypoperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The primary objective of this study was to test hypotheses about the relationship between HMPAO-SPECT findings and probable Alzheimer’s disease (DAT) in a relatively large sample of patients diagnosed according to DSM-III-R. SPECT patterns of 20 controls and 116 DAT patients were investigated. Left and right frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital regions of the brain were rated as showing a hypoperfusion or not. A wide variety of patterns were found and these are described in detail below. In DAT patients, temporal and/or parietal regions were affected significantly more often (88%, p 〉 0.001) than frontal and/or occipital regions (70%). A bilateral temporoparietal pattern, which has been repeatedly reported as typical for DAT, was observed in 48% of DAT patients, but also in 25% of controls, and did not differentiate significantly between these two groups (p 〉 0.05). Conversely, more than three regions with hypoperfusion were observed significantly more often in DAT patients (48%, p 〈 0.01) than in controls (10%). In DAT patients, the number of regions with hypoperfusion correlated significantly with the score of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE, r = 0.33, p 〈 0.001). The frequency of at least one hypoperfusion was approximately equal in left and right hemispheres (77% vs. 73%, p = 0.2). The hypothesis that cognitive decline in DAT starts in the temporal regions was tested in 14 SPECT patterns showing only one region with hypoperfusion. In 12 of these patterns, a temporal region was in fact affected (p 〈 0.001). Whereas hypoperfusion in frontal areas was not accompanied by a significantly lower MMSE than when only temporoparietal regions were affected, MMSE scores were significantly lower when occipital regions were affected in addition to temporoparietal regions (p 〈 0.05). The clinical use of SPECT findings was tested in discriminating analyses with the MMSE and a delayed recall test as additional predictors of DAT. Whereas the MMSE and the delayed recall test differentiated significantly between DAT patients and controls, SPECT findings yielded no further differentiation. In conclusion, the theoretical and clinical implications of SPECT findings and their relationships to other physiological and psychological variables deserve further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004060050086
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einschneidende lebensereignisse im vorfeld von akuten psychischen erkrankungen (1984)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 234 (1984), S. 118-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Life-events ; Neurosis ; Schizophrenia ; Depression ; Stress ; Lebensereignisse ; Neurosen ; Schizophrenie ; Depression ; Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An einer Stichprobe von 112 psychisch kranken Patienten wurde im Vergleich mit 70 körperlich Kranken analysiert, wie hdufig psychische Erkrankungen im Zusammenhang mit belastenden Lebensereignissen stehen. Es zeigten sich erhebliche Unterschiede der Life-event-Belastung zwischen den psychisch Kranken and der Kontrollgruppe sowie zwischen den einzelnen diagnostischen Gruppen. Die Life-event-Belastung war am ausgeprdgtesten bei den neurotisch Kranken. Auch bei den endogenen Psychosen, insbesondere bei den Schizophrenien, fand sich eine vermehrte Life-event-Belastung. Verschiedene Methoden (objektive Belastungswerte nach Paykel, vom Patienten angegebene Negativscores, Synthese aus objektiven and subjektiven Bewertungen) führten bei den Gruppenvergleichen zu vergleichbaren Resultaten. Vom Patienten als positiv bewertete Life-events standen nicht in Zusammenhang mit psychischen Erkrankungen.
    Notes: Summary A sample of 112 psychiatric inpatients were examined in comparison to 70 somatic inpatients with respect to the question, how frequent psychiatric diseases were in correlation with stressful life-events. There were significant discrepancies concerning life-event stress between the diagnostic subgroups. The life-event stress was most important in the neurotic patients, also patients suffering from endogenous psychoses, especially schizophrenics, showed an increased life-event stress. Different methods (objective stress scores suggested by Paykel, self-rating scores concerning negative experiences, and a synthesis between these two methods) led to similar results. Experiences, rated positive by the patients, showed no correlation with psychiatric diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381218
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dexamethasone suppression test in depressive and schizophrenic patients under controlled treatment conditions (1986)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 235 (1986), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Dexamethasone suppression test ; Depression ; Schizophrenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Endogenous depressive and schizophrenic patients demonstrated the same frequency of pathological DST results after admission. After 3 weeks of psychopharmacological treatment the percentage of abnormal DST results was significantly reduced in both groups, although the treatment conditions were different. A correlation between the DST non-suppression and intensity of depression was observed only in the depressive group, not in the schizophrenic group. Normalization of DST results in depressive patients was mostly associated with an improvement of depressive scores. Other course patterns of DST results did not seem to be combined with psychopathological changes. From this data it has to be concluded that DST non-suppression is in some part related to depressive symptoms, but is not characteristic or specific for endogenous depression or for depressivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00515912
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strukturelle Magnetresonanztomographie in der Diagnose und Erforschung der Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ (1997)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 68 (1997), S. 365-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Magnetresonanztomographie ; Demenz ; Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ ; MR-Volumetrie ; Signalveränderungen ; Key words Magnetic resonance imaging ; Dementia ; Alzheimer’s disease ; MR-volumetry ; Signalhyperintensity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary One of the most widely used neuroimaging procedures in Psychiatry and Neurology is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI has gained the position of a standard investigation in the differential diagnosis of dementia syndromes. In the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) MRI helps to improve the diagnostical accuracy. Recently new MRI-based techniques for performing volumetric measurement of cortical and subcortical structures have been developed. First reports indicate that MRI-based volumetric measurements can be accurate in differentiating AD patients from cognitively normal elderly individuals. These new techniques may be useful adjunct in assessing the clinical diagnosis of AD. Results could also yield insight in the fundamental pathology of the degenerative disease. It is the objective of this chapter to summarize and comment on the significance of MRI in the diagnosis and research of AD. Future directions are outlined, including the use of microscopic MRI, the differentiation of white matter signal hyperintensities and the combined evaluation of stuctural MRI and functional imaging techniques.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) des Gehirns kommt als strukturelles bildgebendes Verfahren in der Psychiatrie und Neurologie zur breiten Anwendung. Bei der Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ (AD) trägt die MRT zur Verbesserung der klinischen Diagnosestellung im Rahmen der Mehrebenendiagnostik [1] und zur differentialdiagnostischen Abgrenzung anderer mit einem dementiellen Syndrom einhergehender Erkrankungen bei. Neu entwickelte Verfahren der MRT-gestützten Volumetrie kortikaler und subkortikaler Strukturen erwiesen sich als nützlich in der Differenzierung zwischen kognitiv gesunden älteren Probanden und AD-Patienten. Darüber hinaus versprechen sie neue Einsichten in den zeitlichen und strukturellen Verlauf der zerebralen Degeneration. Zusätzlich kann die systematische quantitative Erfassung von Signalveränderungen bei AD-Patienten zur Verbesserung der diagnostischen Genauigkeit beitragen. Es ist die Absicht dieser Arbeit, den Beitrag der MRT zur Diagnostik der AD und zum Verständnis ihrer Pathogenese darzustellen, aber auch die Grenzen dieser Methodik aufzuzeigen. Dabei werden die Veränderungen des gesunden Alterungsprozesses miteinbezogen, die mit Hilfe der MRT-Bildgebung faßbar sind. Zukünftige Perspektiven liegen insbesondere in der Weiterentwicklung der mikroskopischen MRT, der genauen Differenzierung und Klassifikation von Signalveränderungen der weißen Substanz und im kombinierten Einsatz der MRT mit funktionellen bildgebenden Methoden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050138
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transkranielle Magnetstimulation (TMS) Ein Diagnostikum aus der Neurologie als Therapeutikum in der Psychiatrie? (1997)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 68 (1997), S. 274-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Transkranielle Magnetstimulation ; Elektrokrampftherapie ; Depression ; Therapie ; Key words Transcranial magnetic stimulation ; Electro convulsive therapy ; Depression ; Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used since a decade to investigate the central motor system in the neurological routine diagnostic. From this experience TMS has prooved to be a save and well tolerated procedure. In the past few years several studies investigated TMS to electrically stimulate deeper brain regions to find antidepressive effects in analogy to electro convulsive therapy (ECT). This could be of great advantage as TMS is well tolerated and does not require general anesthesia. There have been some case reports and also some controlled clinical studies on TMS as a therapeutic tool. The results of these studies have been promising. Many questions regarding technical and clinical aspects remain to be answered. In the future however TMS could be a valuable addition in the treatment of depression.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die transkranielle Magnetstimulation (TMS) ist ein Verfahren, das seit nunmehr einer Dekade in der neurologischen Diagnostik zur Untersuchung der motorischen Bahnsysteme routinemäßig eingesetzt wird. Aus dieser Zeit ist die TMS bezüglich der Sicherheit in der Anwendung am Menschen gut untersucht und hat sich als sicher und nebenwirkungsfrei erwiesen. Seit wenigen Jahren wird die Möglichkeit untersucht, mittels der TMS nichtinvasiv tiefere Hirnregionen elektrisch zu stimulieren und so, in Analogie zur Elektrokrampftherapie, eine antidepressive Wirkung zu erzielen. Dies hätte große Vorteile, da dieses Verfahren schonend und ohne Narkose angewendet werden kann. Mehrere Einzelfallanwendungen, aber auch schon mehrere klinisch kontrollierte Studien lassen z. Z. die begründete Hoffnung zu, daß dieses Verfahren zu einer Erweiterung des Spektrums antidepressiver Behandlungsverfahren führen könnte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050124
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