Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the Editor -- About the Authors -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- List of Symbols -- Part A Basics of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques -- 1 Introduction to Atmospheric Measurements -- 1.1 Measuring Meteorological Elements -- 1.2 History -- 1.3 The Structure of the Atmosphere -- 1.4 Devices, Systems, and Typical Specifications -- 1.5 Applications -- 1.6 Future Developments -- 1.7 Further Reading -- References -- 2 Principles of Measurements -- 2.1 Basics of Measurements -- 2.2 History -- 2.3 Errors in Measurement -- 2.4 Regression Analysis -- 2.5 Time Domain and Frequency Domain for Signals and Systems -- 2.6 Dynamics of Measuring Systems -- 2.7 Analog and Digital Signal Processing -- 2.8 Hardware for Digital Measurement Systems -- 2.9 Further Reading -- References -- 3 Quality Assurance and Control -- 3.1 Principles and Definition -- 3.2 History -- 3.3 Elements of Quality Management -- 3.4 Application -- 3.5 Future Developments -- 3.6 Further Reading -- References -- 4 Standardization in Atmospheric Measurements -- 4.1 Background and Definitions -- 4.2 History -- 4.3 Principles and Procedures -- 4.4 Standardization in the Field of Atmospheric Measurements -- 4.5 Future Developments -- 4.6 Further Reading -- References -- 5 Physical Quantities -- 5.1 Selection of Parameters -- 5.2 History and Thermodynamic Standards -- 5.3 Units and Constants -- 5.4 Parameters of Air, Water Vapor, Water, and Ice -- 5.5 Parameterization of Optical Properties of Clouds -- 5.6 Absorption Coefficients for Water Vapor, Ozone, and Carbon Dioxide -- 5.7 Parameters of Soil -- 5.8 Time and Astronomical Quantities -- 5.9 Tables in Other Chapters -- 5.10 Future Developments -- 5.11 Further Reading -- References -- Part B In situ Measurement Techniques -- 6 Ground-Based Platforms -- 6.1 Principles of Platforms -- 6.2 History. , 6.3 Theory -- 6.4 Platforms and Sensor Installations -- 6.5 Specification -- 6.6 Quality Control and Safety -- 6.7 Maintenance -- 6.8 Applications -- 6.9 Future Developments -- 6.10 Further Readings -- References -- 7 Temperature Sensors -- 7.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 7.2 History -- 7.3 Theory -- 7.4 Devices and Systems -- 7.5 Specifications -- 7.6 Quality Control -- 7.7 Maintenance -- 7.8 Applications -- 7.9 Future Developments -- 7.10 Further Reading -- References -- 8 Humidity Sensors -- 8.1 Measurement Principlesand Parameters -- 8.2 History -- 8.3 Theory -- 8.4 Devices and Systems -- 8.5 Specifications -- 8.6 Quality Control -- 8.7 Maintenance -- 8.8 Application -- 8.9 Future Developments -- 8.10 Further Readings -- References -- 9 Wind Sensors -- 9.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 9.2 History -- 9.3 Theory -- 9.4 Devices and Systems -- 9.5 Specifications -- 9.6 Quality Control -- 9.7 Maintenance -- 9.8 Application -- 9.9 Future Developments -- 9.10 Further Reading -- References -- 10 Pressure Sensors -- 10.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 10.2 History -- 10.3 Theory -- 10.4 Devices and Systems -- 10.5 Specifications -- 10.6 Quality Control -- 10.7 Maintenance -- 10.8 Application -- 10.9 Future Developments -- 10.10 Further Reading -- References -- 11 Radiation Sensors -- 11.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 11.2 History -- 11.3 Theory -- 11.4 Devices and Systems -- 11.5 Specifications -- 11.6 Quality Control -- 11.7 Maintenance -- 11.8 Applications -- 11.9 Future Developments -- 11.10 Further Reading -- References -- 12 In-situ Precipitation Measurements -- 12.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 12.2 History -- 12.3 Theory -- 12.4 Devices and Systems -- 12.5 Specifications -- 12.6 Quality Control, Uncertainty, and Calibration -- 12.7 Maintenance -- 12.8 Application -- 12.9 Future Developments. , 12.10 Further Reading -- References -- 13 Visibility Sensors -- 13.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 13.2 History -- 13.3 Theory -- 13.4 Devices and Systems -- 13.5 Specifications -- 13.6 Quality Control -- 13.7 Maintenance -- 13.8 Application -- 13.9 Future Developments -- 13.10 Further Reading -- References -- 14 Electricity Measurements -- 14.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 14.2 History -- 14.3 Theory -- 14.4 Devices and Systems -- 14.5 Specifications -- 14.6 Quality Control -- 14.7 Maintenance -- 14.8 Applications -- 14.9 Future Developments -- 14.10 Further Reading -- References -- 15 Radioactivity Sensors -- 15.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 15.2 History -- 15.3 Theory -- 15.4 Devices and Systems -- 15.5 Specifications -- 15.6 Quality Control -- 15.7 Maintenance -- 15.8 Application -- 15.9 Future Developments -- 15.10 Further Reading -- References -- 16 Gas Analysers and Laser Techniques -- 16.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 16.2 History -- 16.3 Theory -- 16.4 Devices and Systems -- 16.5 Specifications -- 16.6 Quality Control -- 16.7 Maintenance -- 16.8 Applications -- 16.9 Future Developments -- 16.10 Further Reading -- References -- 17 Measurement of Stable Isotopes in Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Water Vapor -- 17.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 17.2 History of Stable Isotope Measurements in Atmospheric CO2, CH4 and H2O -- 17.3 Theory -- 17.4 Devices and Systems -- 17.5 Specifications -- 17.6 Quality Control -- 17.7 Maintenance -- 17.8 Application -- 17.9 Future Developments -- 17.10 Further Readings -- References -- 18 Measurement of Fundamental Aerosol Physical Properties -- 18.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 18.2 History -- 18.3 Theory -- 18.4 Devices and Systems -- 18.5 Specifications -- 18.6 Quality Control -- 18.7 Maintenance -- 18.8 Application. , 18.9 Future Developments -- 18.10 Further Reading -- References -- 19 Methods of Sampling Trace Substances in Air -- 19.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 19.2 History -- 19.3 Theory -- 19.4 Devices and Systems -- 19.5 Specifications -- 19.6 Quality Control -- 19.7 Maintenance -- 19.8 Application -- 19.9 Future Developments -- 19.10 Further Reading -- References -- 20 Optical Fiber-Based Distributed Sensing Methods -- 20.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 20.2 History -- 20.3 Theory -- 20.4 Devices -- 20.5 Specifications -- 20.6 Quality Control -- 20.7 Maintenance -- 20.8 Applications -- 20.9 Future Developments -- 20.10 Further Reading -- References -- 21 Odor Measurements -- 21.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 21.2 History -- 21.3 Theory -- 21.4 Devices and Systems -- 21.5 Specifications -- 21.6 Quality Control -- 21.7 Maintenance -- 21.8 Application -- 21.9 Future Developments -- 21.10 Further Readings -- References -- 22 Visual Observations -- 22.1 Principles of Visual Observations -- 22.2 History -- 22.3 Theory -- 22.4 Observed Parameters -- 22.5 Quality Control -- 22.6 Application- -- 22.7 Future Developments -- 22.8 Further Readings -- References -- Part C Remote-Sensing Techniques (Ground-Based) -- 23 Sodar and RASS -- 23.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 23.2 History -- 23.3 Theory -- 23.4 Devices and Systems -- 23.5 Specifications -- 23.6 Quality Control -- 23.7 Maintenance -- 23.8 Applications -- 23.9 Future Developments -- 23.10 Further Reading -- References -- 24 Backscatter Lidar for Aerosol and Cloud Profiling -- 24.1 Measurement Prinziples and Parameters -- 24.2 History -- 24.3 Theory -- 24.4 Devices and Systems -- 24.5 Specifications -- 24.6 Quality Control -- 24.7 Maintenance -- 24.8 Applications -- 24.9 Further Reading -- References -- 25 Raman Lidar for Water-Vapor and Temperature Profiling. , 25.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 25.2 History -- 25.3 Theory -- 25.4 Devices and Systems -- 25.5 Specifications -- 25.6 Quality Control -- 25.7 Maintenance -- 25.8 Applications -- 25.9 Future Developments -- 25.10 Further Reading-2 -- References -- 26 Water Vapor Differential Absorption Lidar -- 26.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 26.2 History -- 26.3 Theory -- 26.4 Devices and Systems -- 26.5 Specifications -- 26.6 Quality Control -- 26.7 Maintenance -- 26.8 Applications -- 26.9 Future Developments -- 26.10 Further Readings -- References -- 27 Doppler Wind Lidar -- 27.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 27.2 History -- 27.3 Theory -- 27.4 Devices and Systems -- 27.5 Specifications -- 27.6 Quality Control -- 27.7 Maintenance -- 27.8 Applications -- 27.9 Future Developments -- 27.10 Further Readings -- References -- 28 Spectrometers -- 28.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 28.2 History -- 28.3 Theory -- 28.4 Devices and Systems -- 28.5 Specifications -- 28.6 Quality Control -- 28.7 Maintenance -- 28.8 Applications -- 28.9 Future Developments -- 28.10 Further Readings -- References -- 29 Passive Solar and Microwave Spectral Radiometers -- 29.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 29.2 History -- 29.3 Theory -- 29.4 Devices and Systems -- 29.5 Specifications -- 29.6 Quality Control -- 29.7 Maintenance -- 29.8 Application -- 29.9 Future Developments -- 29.10 Further Readings -- References -- 30 Weather Radar -- 30.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 30.2 History -- 30.3 Theory -- 30.4 Radar Systems -- 30.5 Specifications -- 30.6 Quality Control -- 30.7 Maintenance -- 30.8 Applications -- 30.9 Future Developments -- 30.10 Further Reading -- References -- 31 Radar Wind Profiler -- 31.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters -- 31.2 History -- 31.3 Theory -- 31.4 Systems -- 31.5 Specifications. , 31.6 Quality Control.