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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Philosophy of Ecology. (2011)
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Details
    Keywords: Ecology -- Philosophy. ; Applied ecology. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (444 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080930756
    Series Statement: Handbook of the Philosophy of Science Series ; v.Volume 11
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=709489
    DDC: 577.01
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Philosophy of Ecology -- Copyright Page -- General Preface -- Preface -- Contributors -- Contents -- Introduction -- Philosophy of Ecology Today -- Introduction -- Part 1: Philosophical Issues in the History and Science of Ecology -- Part 2: Philosophical Issues in Applied Ecology and Conservation Science -- Part 1: Philosophical Issues in the History and Science of Ecology -- Origins and Development of Ecology -- Introduction -- 1 What were the Novel Abductions or Hypotheses that Set Ecology Apart? -- 2 What were the Origins or Inspirations of these Defining Hypotheses? -- 3 How much have these Initial Hypotheses Affected the Subsequent Development of Ecology? -- 4 Who exactly Constituted the Community of Pioneer Ecologists? -- 5 How much Convergence Towards a Consistent set of Hypotheses has Occurred? -- 6 Summary and Conclusions -- Bibliography -- The Legend of Order and Chaos: Communities and Early Community Ecology -- 1 Clements, Gleason, and Preservability -- 2 The Prospect of Scientific Ecology -- 3 Order and Chaos -- 4 Clements's and Gleason's Ontologies -- 5 Polarizing Narratives -- 6 Multiple Communities -- 7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Philosophical Themes in the Work of Robert H. Macarthur -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Biographical Sketch and Sketch of Macarthur's Research Program -- 3 A Tale of Two Models -- 4 Did Macarthur Unify Population Biology? -- 5 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Embodied Realism and Invasive Species -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Image Schemata of Invasion Biology -- 3 Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- A Case Study in Concept Determination: Ecological Diversity -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Adequacy Criteria for the Concept of Ecological Diversity -- 3 Simpson's Index -- 4 Shannon's Index -- 5 The Role of the Diversity Concept within Ecology -- Acknowledgements. , Bibliography -- The Biodiversity-ecosystem Function Debate in Ecology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background: The Diversity-Stability Debate -- 3 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functions: Key Concepts -- 4 The Biodiversity-Ecosystem Function Debate -- 5 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- A Dynamical Approach to Ecosystem Identity -- Introduction -- 1 The Practical Significance of Ecosystem Individuation -- 2 Identity and Individuation of Dynamical Systems -- 3 Ecosystem Individuation and Change -- 4 Ecosystem Meta-Models -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Symbiosis in Ecology and Evolution -- 1 Symbiosis-The Neglected Link Between Ecology and Evolution -- 2 History of the Concept -- 3 What, Precisely, Is Symbiosis? -- 4 Symbiosis and Evolution -- 5 Symbiosis and Cancer -- 6 Symbiosis and Human Ecology -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Ecology as Historical Science -- 1 History in Science and Historical Sciences -- 2 Status and Authority among the Sciences -- 3 Aims of Explanation -- 4 The Role of Prediction -- 5 A Case in Point -- 6 Reduction and Supervenience -- 7 Models and Evidence -- 8 The Standing of Ecological Models -- 9 Epistemic Remarks -- 10 Conclusion: Ecology as a Historical Science -- Bibliography -- Part 2: Philosophical Issues in Applied Ecology and Conservation Science -- Environmental Ethics and Decision Theory: Fellow Travellers or Bitter Enemies? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Case for Triage and Carbon Trading -- 3 Some Arguments Against Triage and Carbon Trading -- 4 A Decision-Theoretic Case Against Triage and Carbon Trading -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Postmodern Ecological Restoration: Choosing Appropriate Temporal and Spatial Scales -- Introduction: Classic Ecological Restoration -- The Wilderness Myth and the Equilibrium-Ecology Myth. , The Myth of Clementsian Equilibrium Ecology Debunked -- The Colonial Wilderness Myth Debunked -- Pleistocene Parks? -- A Question of Scale -- Temporal Scale and the Problem of Selecting a Reference System for Ecological Restoration -- The Classic Norms of Ecological Restoration Scientifically Justified -- A Scalar Distinction Between Pre- and Post-Industrial Human Disturbance -- Is Ecological Restoration Hubristic? -- Summary and Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Habitat Reconstruction: Moving Beyond Historical Fidelity -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Balcones Canyonlands -- 3 Defining Ecological Restoration -- 4 Doubts About Integrity -- 5 Problems with Fidelity -- 6 Natural Values -- 7 The Reconstructionist Agenda -- 8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Modeling Sustainability in Economics and Ecology -- 1 Introduction: The Challenge -- 2 Accounting and Reversibility and Substitutability: Still Controversial -- 3 Scale Determination: The Greater Challenge Today -- 4 Reforming or Replacing Economics: What is Needed? -- 5 Reflexive Philosophy of Science: Models, Metaphors, and the Discernment of Social Values -- 6 Conclusion: Prospects for a Truly Ecological Approach to Sustainability -- Bibliography -- Diversity and the Good -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Species Richness and Biological Productivity -- 3 Economic Inequality and Biodiversity Loss -- 4 The Intrinsic Value of Diversity and Equality -- 5 Other Potential Applications -- 6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Index.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Practical Logic of Cognitive Systems : The Reach of Abduction: Insight and Trial (2005)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Abduction (Logic) ; Logic ; Logic ; Abduction (Logic) ; Abduction (Logic) ; Logic ; Abductie (logica) ; PHILOSOPHY ; Logic ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; Abduktion ; Kognition ; Abduktion ; Kognition
    Description / Table of Contents: Acknowledgements. -- Preface. -- -- A Practical Logic of Cognitive Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Practical Logic -- Conceptual Models of Abduction -- 3. The Structure of Abduction -- 4. Explanationist Abduction -- 5. Non-Plausibilistic Abduction -- 6. Diagnostic Abduction in AI -- 7. The Characteristic and the Plausible -- 8. Relevance and Analogy -- 9. Interpretation Abduction -- Formal Models of Abduction -- 10. A Glimpse of Formality -- 11. A General Theory of Logical Systems -- 12. A Base Logic -- 13. An Abductive Mechanism for the Base Logic -- Bibliography. -- Index
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Elsevier e-book collection on ScienceDirect
    ISBN: 044451791X , 9780444517913
    Series Statement: A practical logic of cognitive systems v. 2
    URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780444517913
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/bookseries/18745075/2
    URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/bookseries/18745075/2
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780444517913
    URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/bookseries/18745075/2
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/bookseries/18745075/2
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780444517913
    URL: https://zbmath.org/?q=an:1078.03002
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/bowker/toc/9780444517913.pdf
    RVK:
    CC 2600
    Language: English
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 443-472) and index , Acknowledgements. -- Preface. -- -- A Practical Logic of Cognitive Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Practical Logic -- Conceptual Models of Abduction -- 3. The Structure of Abduction -- 4. Explanationist Abduction -- 5. Non-Plausibilistic Abduction -- 6. Diagnostic Abduction in AI -- 7. The Characteristic and the Plausible -- 8. Relevance and Analogy -- 9. Interpretation Abduction -- Formal Models of Abduction -- 10. A Glimpse of Formality -- 11. A General Theory of Logical Systems -- 12. A Base Logic -- 13. An Abductive Mechanism for the Base Logic -- Bibliography. -- Index. , The present work is a continuation of the authors' acclaimed multi-volume A Practical Logic of Cognitive Systems. After having investigated the notion of relevance in their previous volume, Gabbay and Woods now turn to abduction. In this highly original approach, abduction is construed as ignorance-preserving inference, in which conjecture plays a pivotal role. Abduction is a response to a cognitive target that cannot be hit on the basis of what the agent currently knows. The abducer selects a hypothesis which were it true would enable the reasoner to attain his target. He concludes from this fact that the hypothesis may be conjectured. In allowing conjecture to stand in for the knowledge he fails to have, the abducer reveals himself to be a satisficer, since an abductive solution is not a solution from knowledge. Key to the authors' analysis is the requirement that a conjectured proposition is not just what a reasoner might allow himself to assume, but a proposition he must defeasibly release as a premiss for further inferences in the domain of enquiry in which the original abduction problem has arisen. The coverage of the book is extensive, from the philosophy of science to computer science and AI, from diagnostics to the law, from historical explanation to linguistic interpretation. One of the volume's strongest contributions is its exploration of the abductive character of criminal trials, with special attention given to the standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Underlying their analysis of abductive reasoning is the authors' conception of practical agency. In this approach, practical agency is dominantly a matter of the comparative modesty of an agent's cognitive agendas, together with comparatively scant resources available for their advancement. Seen in these ways, abduction has a significantly practical character, precisely because it is a form of inference that satisfices rather than maximizes its response to the agent's cognitive target. The Reach of Abduction will be necessary reading for researchers, graduate students and senior undergraduates in logic, computer science, AI, belief dynamics, argumentation theory, cognitive psychology and neuroscience, linguistics, forensic science, legal reasoning and related areas. Key features: - Reach of Abduction is fully integrated with a background logic of cognitive systems. - The most extensive coverage compared to competitive works. - Demonstrates not only that abduction is a form of ignorance p ...
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