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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: The NOAA National Underseas Research Program at Rutgers University is establishing a Long-term Ecosystem Observatory off New Jersey in 15 meters of water. As part of a bottom boundary layer study at this site, WHOI deployed a bottom instrument frame during the winter of 1993-94. The bottom instrument carried a current meter, a vertical array of optical back scattering sensors, temperature, pressure and conductivity sensors and an Acoustical Backscattering Sensor. The deployment was partially successful as the acoustic system failed. The other instrumentation worked well for 3 weeks returning data on winter conditions at the site. The extreme winter waves ended the experiment by tipping the instrument over on its side. The optical instrumentation was calibrated with sediment from the site, and the results from the experiment presented.
    Beschreibung: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through Contract No. 4-25020 to Rutgers/SUNY National Underseas Research Program.
    Schlagwort(e): Sediment transport ; LEO-15 ; Acoustic backscatter
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
    Format: 2848458 bytes
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: This report documents the work performed by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and the Battelle Memorial Institute from August 1988 to December 1992 in the NSF sponsored development of an Integrated Seawater Sampler and Data Acquisition Prototype. After a 6-month initial design study, a prototype underwater profiing unit was designed and constructed, containing the water acquisition subsystem, CTD and altimeter, control circuitry and batteries. A standard WHOI CTD was adapted for use in the underwater unit and was interfaced to the underwater controller which had a telemetry module connecting ít with a deck control unit. This enabled CTD data to be logged in normal fashion on shipboard while additional commands and diagnostics were sent over the telemetry link to command the underwater unit's water sampling process and receive diagnostic information on system performance. The water sampling subsystem consisted of 36 trays, each containing a plastic sample bag, the pump and control circuitry. The sample bags, initially sealed in a chemically clean environment, were opened by pumping the water out of the tray, thus forcing water into the bag by ambient pressure. The command system could select any bag, and control the water sampling procss from the surface with diagnostic information on system altitude, depth, orientation and cable tension displayed in real time for operator information. At sea tests confirmed the operation of the electrical and control system. Problems were encountered with the bags and seals which were partially solved by further post cruise efforts. However, the bag closing mechanism requires further development, and numerous small system improvements identified during the cruises need to be implemented to produce an operational water sampler. Finally, initial design tor a water sampler handling and storage unit and water extraction system were developed but not implemented. The detailed discussion of the prototype water sampler design, testing and evaluation, and new bag testing result are presented.
    Beschreibung: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. OCE8821977.
    Schlagwort(e): Seawater sampler ; Shipboard profiing system ; Chemical free sample bags
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
    Format: 11215258 bytes
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  • 3
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: The Massachusetts Bays Program made bottom pressure and water velocity observations in Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays during 1990 and 1991. In the Bays, the sea surface elevation appeared to rise and fall in phase with equal amplitudes at each diurnal or semidiurnal tidal frequency. There is some amplification in Boston and Provincetown harbors. The semidiurnal tides (particularly the M2 constituent) dominate. Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays are part of the Gulf of Maine/Bay of Fundy system which is resonant near the semidiurnal frequency. This resonance amplifies the importance of the semidiurnal tides so that diurnal and higher harmonic tides become negligible. The sea level tides force currents which move with the same frequencies, but whose amplitudes are affected by the bathymetry. The strongest currents exist in the channel between Race Point and Stellwagen Bank where tidal currents exceed 1 knot. Analysis of current records for their tidal signal is complicated by internal tides which contaminate the records. These internal waves at tidal frequency exist on the stratification in the water column, and disappear during winter well-mixed times. At other times they must be considered as a signifcant source of energy for mixing and resuspension of sediments.
    Schlagwort(e): Tides ; Currents ; Internal waves
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
    Format: 3845643 bytes
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: The 1995 Geoges Bank Stratification Study (GBSS) was the first intensive process study conducted as part of the U.S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank field program. The GBSS was designed to investigate the physical processes which control the seasonal development of stratification along the southern flank of Georges Bank during spring and summer. Past work suggested that during this period, larval cod and haddock tended to aggregate to the thermocline on the southern flank where higher concentrations of their copepod prey were found. A moored array was deployed as part of GBSS to observe the onset and evolution of sesonal stratification over the southern flank with sufficient vertical and horizontal resolution that key physical processes could be identified and quantified. Moored current, temperature, and conductivity (salinity) measurements were made at three sites along the southern flank, one on the crest, and one on the northeast peak of the bank. Moored surface meteorological measurements were also made at one southern flank site to determine the surface wind stress and heat and moisture fluxes. The oceanographic and meteorological data collected with the GBSS array during January-August 1995 are presented in this report. Meteorological data collected on National Data Buoy Center environmental buoys 44011 (Georges Bank), 44008 (Nantucket Shoals), and 44005 (Gulf of Maine) are included in this report for completeness and comparison with the GBSS southern flank meteorological measurements.
    Beschreibung: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers OCE-98-06379 and OCE-98-06445.
    Schlagwort(e): U.S. GLOBEC ; Moored array ; Parizeau (Ship) Cruise PAR94-018 ; Parizeau (Ship) Cruise PAR95-010 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN256 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN259 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN260 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN262 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN269 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN271 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN274 ; Seward Johnson (Ship) Cruise SJ95-04 ; Seward Johnson (Ship) Cruise SJ95-06 ; Seward Johnson (Ship) Cruise SJ95-08
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
    Format: 4846761 bytes
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: The Nantucket Shoals Flux Experiment (NSFE79) was conducted across the continental shelf and upper slope south of Nantucket from March, 1979 to April , 1980 to measure the flow of shelf water from the Georges Bank/Gulf of Maine region into the Middle Atlantic Bight. Conceived as a cooperative field experiment involving the Northeast Fisheries Center (NMFS), U.S. Geological Survey (Woods Hole), University of New Hampshire, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the experiment contained two principal components, a moored array of current meter and bottom instrumentation deployed at six locations across the shelf and upper slope spanning a depth range from 46 m to 810 m, and a series of 27 hydrographic surveys made along or near the moored array line during the experiment. A basic description of the NSFE79 hydrographic data has been given in Part 1 by Wright (1983). A description of the moored array components and the basic moored array data sets is presented here in Part 2.
    Beschreibung: The NEFC participation was supported by the NMFS Marine Resources Monitoring, Assessment, and Prediction (MARt-1AP) Program. The U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) supported the USGS field and analysis component under t~emoranda of Understanding M550-MU6-79, M551-MU8- 24, M551-MU9-4, and M551-MU0-18. The WHO! and UNH field programs were supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants OCE 78-19513 and OCE 78-26229.
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Hydrography ; Ocean currents ; Moored arrays
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: As part of the U.S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank program, moorings were deployed on Georges Bank as part of the broad-scale survey component to help measure the temporal variability of both physical and biological characteristics on the Bank. The array consisted of a primary mooring site on the Southern Flank which was maintained for the full 5-year duration of the field program, plus secondary moorings, with fewer sensors and of shorter duration, in the well-mixed water on the Crest and in the cod/haddock spawning region on the Northeast Peak. Temperature and conductivity (salinity) were measured at 5-m intervals, ADCP velocity profiles were obtained with 1-m vertical resolution, and bio-optical packages (measuring fluorescence, optical transmission and photosynthetically active radiation) were deployed at 10-m and 40-m depths. Bottom pressure was measured at the Southern Flank site. The buoy design, sensors and mooring configuration is presented and discussed below, and the data obtained is presented and discussed in an accompanying reports “U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank Long-Term Moored Program: Part 2 – Yearly Data Summary and Report,” and “U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank Long-Term Moored Program: Part 3 – Data Summary.”
    Beschreibung: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant numbers OCE-93-13670, OCE-96-32348, OCE98-06379, OCE-98-06445 and OCE-02-27679.
    Schlagwort(e): GLOBEC ; Moorings ; Georges Bank ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC256 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC276 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC291 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC321 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC331 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC333 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC338 ; Seward Johnson (Ship) Cruise SJ95-04 ; Seward Johnson (Ship) Cruise SJ95-06 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN149 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN208
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
    Format: 2703311 bytes
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  • 7
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: A bottom instrument was deployed on May 5,1993, recovered and redeployed on June 22, 1993 and finally recovered on July 28, 1993 at a 30 meter site in the New York Bight Apex. The instrument measured currents, suspended sediment concentrations, pressure, temperature and conductivity. The data storage was filled in only seven days on the first deployment as in 18 days in the second. The averaging sampling process worked well, producing hourly (first deployment) and half hourly (second deployment) values of all sensors and instrument internal diagnostics to obtain background environmental information. The burst sampling scheme sampled once a day for waves, and identified 6 and 10 second waves present. The event sampling scheme was tested for the first time. During deployment one, high frequency pressure signals were allowed to trigger events, and bad cabling caused excessive events to be recorded, filling the memory prematurely. For deployment two, only the optical sediment sensors were allowed to trigger events, and 146 events were recorded. Many of the events were only seen in one or the other optical sensor and probably associated with fish or floating debris. Other events had unique signatures, one type possibly due to passing ships.
    Beschreibung: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York District.
    Schlagwort(e): New York Bight ; Sediment transport ; Bottom monitoring instrumentation ; Onrust (Ship) Cruise
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
    Format: 3829790 bytes
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Compliance must be supplied to any surface mooring to allow the buoy to move with the waves and currents, and remain moored in position. This can be supplied with a traditional chain catenary or newer compliant elastic tether or stretch hose technologies. Some applications of each of these three techniques are shown, with the emphasis placed on the use of compliant elastic tethers. For modeling and designing these moorings, the elastic modulus of the tether material must be known. Therefore, a new and used piece of elastic material was terminated, tested for the stretch-strain relationship under set conditions, and the elastic modulus calculated. For these tests, the elastic tether was stretched out to a mean elongation between 100 and 250%, then cycled about that stretch by ±25 and ±50% to duplicate a moored application. The resultant elastic modulus is presented to aid in mooring design. At low elongations, the elastic modulus is constant at about 125 PSI, but as the mean elongation increases the modulus increases, and as the cycle tension increase the modulus also increases, reaching a maximum of 900 PSI at 275% stretch.
    Beschreibung: Funding was provided by the Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System (GoMOOS under ONR grant N0014-01-1-0999), NOAA-UNH CINEMAR (NOAA Grant Number NA16RP1718), and GLOBEC (NSF OCE93-13670 and OCE02-27679).
    Schlagwort(e): Coastal mooring ; Mooring compliance ; Elastic tether
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
    Format: 2709321 bytes
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: This document describes data, sensors, and other useful information pertaining to the moorings that were deployed from the R/V Knorr from July 24th to August 4th, 2006 in support of the SW06 experiment. The SW06 experiment was a large, multi-disciplinary effort performed 100 miles east of the New Jersey coast. A total of 62 acoustic and oceanographic moorings were deployed and recovered. The moorings were deployed in a “T” geometry to create an along-shelf path along the 80 meter isobath and an across-shelf path starting at 600 meters depth and going shoreward to a depth of 60 meters. A cluster of moorings was placed at the intersection of the two paths to create a dense sensor-populated area to measure a 3-dimensional physical oceanography. Environmental moorings were deployed along both along-shelf and across-shelf paths to measure the physical oceanography along those paths. Moorings with acoustic sources were placed at the outer ends of the “T” to propagate various signals along these paths. Five single hydrophone receivers were positioned on the across shelf path and a vertical and horizontal hydrophone array was positioned at the intersection of the “T” to get receptions from all the acoustics assets that were used during SW06.
    Beschreibung: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-04-10146
    Schlagwort(e): Underwater acoustics ; Oceanographic buoys ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN183 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN184 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN185 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN186 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC427 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC428 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC429 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN424 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN425 ; Hugh R. Sharp (Ship) Cruise 060622CM
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: A Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) has been undertaken to identify and study the important dynamical processes which govern the wind-driven motion of coastal water over the continental shelf. The initial effort in this four-year research program is to obtain high-quality data sets of all the relevant physical variables needed to construct accurate kinematic and dynamic descriptions of the response of shelf water to strong wind forcing in the 2 to 10-day band. A series of two small-scale, densely-instrumented field experiments of four-month duration (CODE-1 and CODE-2) is designed to explore and to determine the kinematics and momentum and heat balances of the local wind-driven flow over a region of the northern California shelf which is characterized by both relatively simple bottom topography and large wind stress events in both winter and summer. A more lightly-instrumented, long-term, large-scale component has been designed to help separate the local wind-driven response in the region of the small-scale experiments from motions generated either offshore by the California Current system or in some distant region along the coast, and also to help determine the seasonal cycles of the atmospheric forcing, water structure, and coastal currents over the northern California shelf. This report presents an overview of the CODE program and a preliminary description of the observational programs conducted during CODE-1. The various logical components of CODE are identified and described, and their relationship to the entire effort is discussed. The report itself represents a minor revision of the original cover proposal submitted to NSF in late 1979 by the principal investigators and is not a comprehensive guide nor does it contain any descriptions of the initial results from CODE-1. Scientific and engineering results will be presented elsewhere in individual technical and scientific reports. CODE has been jointly conceived by the following principal investigators (who collectively make up the CODE group): J. Allen , R. Beardsley, W. Brown, 0. Cacchione, R. Davis, D. Drake , C. Friehe, W. Grant, A. Huyer, J. Irish, M. Janopaul, A. Williams and C. Winant.
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrographic surveying ; Continental shelf
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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