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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photopolymerization of N-substituted phenyl maleimide initiated with N,N-dimethyl-4-toluidine (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 643-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: photopolymerization of N-substituted phenyl maleimides ; N,N-dimethyl-4-Toluidine ; exciplex ; radical intermediate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several N-phenyl maleimides with different p-substituents have been synthesized from the maleic anhydride and relevant aromatic amine. In the presence of N,N-dimethyl-4-toluidine (DMT), the N-substituted phenyl maleimide (4-XPhMIs) could be polymerized under UV irradiation. It was observed that a new absorption appeared on the UV-Vis spectrum of the mixture solution of 4-XPhMI and DMT, which reveals the formation of charge-transfer complex in the ground state. It was found that the fluorescence of DMT was quenched by 4-XPhMI and the quenching constant of 4-XPhMI, obtained from the Stern-Volmer plot, increases with the electron-deficiency of ethylene double bond of 4-XPhMI. The dynamic quenching of the fluorescence of DMT by 4-XPhMI suggests the formation of exciplex in excited state between DMT and 4-XPhMI. The radicals formed in the systems have been detected by spin-trapping techniques and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer. Based on all of these results, it has been proposed that the initiation process of the polymerization involves the formation of exciplex and the initial radicals were produced by proton-transfer in the exciplex from DMT to 4-XPhMI. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electropolymerization of poly(styrene-co-4-carboxyphenyl maleimide) coatings onto steel (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 1303-1312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Electropolymerization can be used to produce uniform and pin-hole free coatings on surfaces of complex shapes, due to the intrinsic characteristic of the process. In this article, the electrocopolymerization behavior of 4-carboxyphenyl maleimide (4CPMI) with styrene onto a steel surface is reported. The polymerization mechanism is by free radical, as might be expected for an aqueous reaction environment. Experimental results suggest that initially a charge transfer complex forms between styrene and 4CPMI, which is much more reactive than either of the two monomers. Alternating copolymers are always obtained at low conversion, even with significant changes in the monomer feed compositions. Because of the incorporation of rigid imide rings into the copolymer backbone, the coating formed has very good thermal properties and is thus a potential candidate for high-temperature applications. Furthermore, the copolymer dielectric constant is comparable to that of commercial polyimides, making it attractive for use in electrical and electronic insulation applications. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Synthetic Studies Related to Perylenequinones (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1993 (1993), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Fungus pigments ; Perylenequinones, synthesis of ; Selenium dioxide oxidation ; Ullmann coupling ; Double coupling of 1,2-naphthalenediols ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two closely related routes to dimethyl 3,10-dihydro-2,11-dihydroxy-4,6,7,9-tetramethoxy-3,10-dioxo-1,12-perylenediacetate (10), one involving Ullmann phenol coupling and the other by double oxidative coupling are described. Regioselective demethylation of 10 followed by methylation or vice versa yields dimethyl 3,10-dihydro-4,9-dihydroxy-2,6,7,11-tetramethoxy-3,10-dioxo-1,12-perylenediacetate (22) which, except for its side chains, structurally resembles some of the natural perylenequinones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199319930107
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  • 4
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    Storm-time evolution of ELF/VLF waves observed by DEMETER satellite (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: In this paper, using the data of sunsynchronous satellite DEMETER, we investigated the storm-time variations of ELF/VLF waves during the intense CME-driven storms from 2005 to 2009. The results show that there is a good correlation between the enhancement of ELF/VLF waves and the CME events. Immidately following the enhanced wave activity driven by CMEs during the initial phase, the wave intensity decreases temporarily at the beginning of storm main phase. The strongest waves predominantly occur from the late main phase to early recovery phase. The ELF waves below 3 kHz are significantly intensified during the whole storm time, while the high-frequency waves above 3 kHz seem strengthened only during the late main and early recovery phase. The ELF waves below 3 kHz can exist in a wide L-shell range, with the intensity peaking at L ~ 3-4. High-frequency waves at f  〉 9 kHz exist mostly outside the plasmapause. The stronger ELF/VLF waves on the dayside can last longer time than those on the nightside.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    MicroRNA-26a suppresses angiogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting HGF-cmet pathway (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-22
    Description: We previously found that miR-26a could suppress tumor growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since angiogenesis is important for tumor growth and metastasis, in this study, we further investigated the possible roles of miR-26a in tumor angiogenesis. Down-regulation of miR-26a was found to correlate with an increased angiogenic potential of HCC. Through gain- and loss-of-function studies, miR-26a was demonstrated to significantly inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression in HCC cells and then suppress the promoting effects of HCC cells on in vitro proliferation, migration and capillary tube formation of endothelial cells, as well as in vivo tumor angiogenesis of HCC. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was identified as a target of miR-26a. HGF simulation antagonized the effects induced by miR-26a up-regulation. In contrast, silencing HGF induced the similar effects to miR-26a. We further disclosed that miR-26a exerted its antiangiogenesis function, at least in part, by inhibiting HGF- hepatocyte growth factor receptor (cMet) and its downstream signaling pathway, in turn, suppressing VEGFA production in HCC cells and impairing VEGFR2-signaling in endothelial cells. HCC patients who had high miR-26a, low HGF, low VEGFA or low microvessel density (MVD) in tumor tissues had a better prognosis with longer overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR). In multivariate analysis, miR-26a, or in combination with HGF, was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic indicator for OS and TTR of HCC patients. Conclusion : miR-26a could suppress tumor angiogenesis of HCC through HGF-cMet signaling, and it is a new hopeful therapeutic target and prognostic marker for HCC. (H epatology 2013;)
    Print ISSN: 0270-9139
    Electronic ISSN: 1527-3350
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
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  • 6
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    MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF AUTOPHAGY-RELATED GENE 5 FROM Spodoptera exigua AND EXPRESSION ANALYSIS UNDER VARIOUS STRESS CONDITIONS (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Autophagy is not only involved in development, but also has been proved to attend immune response against invading pathogens. Autophagy protein 5 (ATG5) is an important autophagic protein, which plays a crucial role in autophagosome elongation. Although ATG5 has been well studied in mammal, yeast, and Drosophila , little is known about ATG5 in lepidopteran insects. We cloned putative SeAtg5 gene from Spodoptera exigua larvae by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method, and its characteristics and the influences of multiple exogenous factors on its expression levels were then investigated. The results showed that the putative S. exigua SeATG5 protein is highly homologous to other insect ATG5 proteins, which has a conserved Pfm domain and multiple phosphorylation sites. Next, fluorescence microscope observation showed that mCherry-SeATG5 was distributed in both nucleus and cytoplasm of Spodoptera litura Sl-HP cells and partially co-localized with BmATG6-GFP, but it almost has no significant co-localization with GFP-HaATG8. Then, the Western blot analysis demonstrated that GFP-SeATG5 conjugated with ATG12. Moreover, real-time PCR revealed that its expression levels significantly increased at the initiation of pupation and the stage of adult. In addition, the expression levels of SeAtg5 can be enhanced by the starvation, UV radiation, and infection of baculovirus and bacterium. However, the expression levels of SeAtg5 decreased at 24 h post treatments in all these treatments except in starvation. These results suggested that SeATG5 might be involved in response of S. exigua under various stress conditions.
    Print ISSN: 0739-4462
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6327
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 7
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    Increased precipitation and weathering across the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum in central China (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-22
    Description: Global warming during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) ∼55.5 million years ago (Ma) was associated with a massive release of carbon to the ocean-atmosphere system, as evidenced by a prominent negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) and widespread dissolution of marine carbonates. The paleohydrologic response to the PETM warming has been studied worldwide; however, relevant records of environmental perturbation in Asia are lacking so far. Here we extend the record of this event in central China, a subtropical paleosetting, through geochemical and mineralogical analyses of lacustrine sediments. Geochemical indicators of authigenic carbonates – including molar Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios – suggest an overall increased precipitation across the PETM, compatible with the disappearance of authigenic dolomite and the appearance of kaolinite in the strata. The relatively humid conditions persisted long after the carbon-cycle perturbation had stopped, implying that the transient hyper-greenhouse warming might have forced the regional climate system into a new climate state that was not easily reversed. Additionally, a gradual increase in chemical index of alteration (CIA) and the appearance of kaolinite are associated with the PETM, indicating an intensified silicate weathering and pedogenesis in the watershed in response to warmer and more humid climate. Our results corroborate the theory that an accelerated continental chemical weathering served as a negative feedback to sequester carbon and lower the atmospheric greenhouse-gas levels during the PETM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Diffusion kurtosis MRI versus conventional diffusion-weighted imaging for evaluating inflammatory activity in Crohn's disease (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-04
    Description: Purpose To assess the efficacy of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and to compare DKI-derived parameters with that of conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for grading the inflammatory activity of Crohn's disease (CD). Materials and Methods In all, 38 patients with CD underwent 3T magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) with DKI (b values of 0–2000 s/mm 2 ). The inflammatory activity of the bowel segments was graded by magnetic resonance index of activity (MaRIA) as inactive (〈7), mild (≥7 and 〈11), or moderate-severe (≥11). Apparent diffusion for non-Gaussian distribution (D app ) and apparent kurtosis coefficient (K app ) on DKI as well as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on DWI were compared. Results In all, 86 bowel segments including inactive (20), mild (19), and moderate-severe (47) CD were analyzed. The differences in K app , D app , and ADC among inactive, mild, and moderate-severe CD were significant (all P 〈 0.05). K app ( r = 0.862), D app ( r = −0.755), and ADC ( r = −0.713) correlated well with MaRIA in all segments. Stronger correlation with MaRIA in moderate-severe CD was found for K app ( r = 0.647) than that of D app ( r = −0.414) and ADC ( r = −0.580). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed high accuracy of K app , D app , and ADC for differentiating active from inactive CD (AUC: 0.953 for K app , 0.944 for D app , 0.907 for ADC) as well as differentiating inactive-mild from moderate-severe CD (AUC: 0.946 for K app , 0.887 for D app , 0.846 for ADC). The threshold K app of 0.731 allowed differentiation of active from inactive CD with 89.4% sensitivity and 95% specificity. Conclusion DKI of CD is clinically feasible and might be superior to conventional DWI for grading the inflammatory activity of CD. Level of Evidence : 2 Technical Efficacy : Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
    Print ISSN: 1053-1807
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2586
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 9
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    Tubulin cofactor a functions as a novel positive regulator of ccRCC progression, invasion and metastasis (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Microtubules (Mts), which consist of α/β-tubulin heterodimers, are involved in cancer development and metastasis. Tubulin cofactor A (TBCA) plays crucial roles in modulating tubulin folding and α/β-tubulin heterodimer polymerization. Here, we identified the aberrant expression of TBCA in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) specimens as well as cell lines, and revealed the function of TBCA as a novel positive regulator in ccRCC progression, invasion, and metastasis. qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays confirmed TBCA was significantly highly expressed in ccRCC specimens and cell lines compared to their corresponding normal kidney tissues and HKC. Accordingly, the influence of TBCA on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion/migration was detected through overexpression and knockdown of endogenous TBCA protein level in ccRCC cells via plasmids. Silencing of TBCA expression inhibited the proliferation of 786-O cells and Caki-1 cells and promoted the apoptosis of 786-O cells. Down-regulation of TBCA expression also reduced the invasion and migration ability of 786-O cells. Interestingly, overexpression of TBCA did not induce bio-characteristics that directly contrasted to those of TBCA knockdown. Importantly, exploration of the mechanism showed that TBCA could function via modulating cytoskeleton integration and influencing cell cycle progress. Furthermore, down-regulation of TBCA expression in 786-O and Caki-1 cells affected cytoskeleton integration and cell size, induced S/G2 cell cycle arrest, and led to cyclineA/E and CDK2 aberrant expression. By investigating novel roles of TBCA in regulation of ccRCC cell progression, invasion, and metastasis, our study identified that TBCA may be a potential molecular target for ccRCC therapy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 0020-7136
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0215
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    Hyperbolic Cardassian universe (2014)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-24
    Description: We propose a hyperbolic function form of the Cardassian component in the Cardassian model. Using the repartition of this Cardassian component, we can obtain a non-zero gravitational interaction between the time derivative of Ricci scalar curvature and the baryon/lepton number current in the radiation-dominated universe. Furthermore, the other term that acts like a non-zero cosmological constant would give an accelerated expansion of current universe and the features of this model do not violate our desired requirements.
    Print ISSN: 1674-1137
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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