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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grußwort (1993)
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 45 (1993), S. 13-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02226369
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barotropic tides in the Northeast Atlantic inferred from moored current meter data (1985)
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 38 (1985), S. 7-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Strömungsdaten von 7 Verankerungen, die im nordöstlichen Atlantik über mehrere Jahre ausgelegt waren, wurden im Hinblick auf halbtägige barotrope und barokline sowie eintägige barotrope Gezeiten analysiert. Bei den halbtägigen Tiden M2 und S2 dominiert normalerweise die Energie der barotropen Eigenfunktion, nur in wenigen Fällen enthält die barokline Welle 1. Ordnung höhere Energie. Die Ellipsenorientierungen für die barotropen Komponenten entsprechen früheren Ergebnissen von Tiefseepegeln in diesem Gebiet. Es gibt jedoch signifikante Abweichungen bei den Amplituden. Die Gezeiten in diesem Gebiet sind fast ausschließlich fortschreitende Wellen, in einigen wenigen Fällen jedoch vom gemischten Typ. Die räumliche Änderung der Strömungsellipsen entspricht weitgehend den Ergebnissen, die Cartwright, Edden, Spencer et al. [1980] indirekt aus Pegelbeobachtungen erhielten.
    Abstract: Résumé Les mesures de courants provenant de 7 mouillages sur plusieurs années en Atlantique Nord-Est ont été analysées en ce qui concerne les marées semi-diurnes barotropes et baroclines et les marées diurnes barotropes. Pour les marées semi-diurnes M2 et S2 la répartition de l'énergie est généralement dominée par le mode barotrope; dans peu de cas seulement, le mode barocline de premier ordre renferme la plus haute énergie. Les orientations de l'ellipse relevant de la marée barotrope sont en accord avec les résultats d'observations marégraphiques antérieures dans cette région. Des écarts significatifs apparaissent toutefois en amplitude. Les résultats concernant la composante Ki sont également présentés. A quelques exceptions près, les marées, dans cette région, se sont trouvées être des ondes progressives. Le type d'ellipse des courants est semblable aux résultats obtenus indirectement par Cartwright, Edden, Spencer et al. [1980] à partir des observations marégraphiques.
    Notes: Summary Current data obtained from 7 moorings in the Northeast Atlantic in the course of many years are analysed with respect to semi-diurnal barotropic and baroclinic tides and diurnal barotropic tides. For semi-diurnal tides M2 and S2 the energy distribution is usually dominated by the barotropic mode; only in a few cases does the first-order baroclinic mode contain higher energy. Barotropic tidal ellipse orientations are found to be consistent with results from earlier tide gauge observations in this area. Significant deviations occur, however, in amplitudes. Results for the diurnal component K1 are also presented. With few exceptions, tides are found to be progressive waves in this area. The current ellipse pattern is similar to results obtained indirectly by Cartwright, Edden, Spencer et al. [1980] from tide gauge observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02226433
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langzeitige Änderung des Salzgehaltes in der Unterweser (1983)
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 36 (1983), S. 61-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Ever since construction has altered the estuary of the Weser River to make it more navigable, regular water samples were collected at several stations along the river (Fig. 1). Salinities were determined in order to assess possible changes as a consequence of the engineering activities. For almost 100 years the sampling scheme remained unaltered. Today this unique data set (Fig. 3) is of more than local interest. Whereas drastic changes of tidal phenomena are obvious from tidal gauge measurements (Fig. 2), natural fluctuations of salinity hide respective changes of the salinity distribution. We have tried to separate the natural from the man-made fluctuation of salinity using two simple models to eliminate known causes of natural fluctuations. Difficulties encountered were the incompleteness of the data set and the absence of data averaged over cross sections. Nevertheless it was possible to eliminate, approximately, the influence of the catchment area and salinity variations of the adjacent sea. Salinity variations as a consequence of the engineering works depend on the quantity $$K = H^2 /(\bar A \cdot \zeta _0 )$$ , whereH is the depth of a cross-section with area $$\bar A$$ averaged over the tides, and 2 $$\zeta _0 $$ is the tidal elevation. Because of long-term changes of the tides in the North Sea, it was not possible to isolate the influence of the engineering works. Conclusions include consequences for modern sampling strategies to determine trends of water quality.
    Abstract: Résumé Des séries de mesures effectuées depuis une centaine d'années ont permis d'examiner les variations sur une longue période du taux de salinité du cours inférieur de la Weser et leurs causes possibles. Cette étude s'est efforcé de distinguer les effets naturels des effets anthropogènes sur le taux de salinité. Malgré les données incomplètes, l'influence du bassin de drainage et des variations de salinité des zones maritimes limitrophes a pratiquement pu être éliminée. En raison des modifications du régime des marées en Mer du Nord sur une longue période, il n'a pas été possible de formuler des commentaires précis quant à l'impact sur la salinité des travaux de construction entrepris ces 100 dernières années du cours inférieur de la Weser. Les résultats de nos études fournissent des indications utiles pour la mise en place de réseaux modernes de mesure destinés à déterminer la qualité de l'eau.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Anhand hundertjähriger Meßreihen wurden langfristige Salzgehaltsänderungen in der Unterweser und ihre möglichen Ursachen untersucht. Dabei wurde angestrebt, die natürlichen und die anthropogenen Einflüsse auf den Salzgehalt zu trennen. Trotz des unvollständigen Datensatzes konnten der Einfluß des Einzugsgebietes und Salzgehaltsschwankungen des angrenzenden Meeresgebietes nahezu eliminiert werden. Wegen der langzeitigen Änderungen der Gezeiten in der Nordsee waren genaue Aussagen über die Auswirkung der in den letzten hundert Jahren in der Unterweser durchgeführten Baumaßnahmen auf den Salzgehalt nicht möglich. Unsere Ergebnisse geben Hinweise für moderne Meßnetze zur Bestimmung der Wasserqualität.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02313285
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  • 4
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    The Namib Col Current (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 42 (11-12). pp. 1933-1950.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-08
    Description: Recent measurements indicate the transatlantic extent of the Namib Col Current at depths of 1300-3000 m near Lat. 22 degrees S in the South Atlantic Ocean. This current forms a continuous circulation structure from the Namib Col on the Walvis Ridge to the western trough, though its characteristic change as deepwater with varying properties enters and leaves the current owing to a meridional flow component. Transport estimates from hydrographic sections on the Walvis Ridge and at 15 degrees W near the crest of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge indicate a strength of about 3 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) The current is part of a larger-scale eastward Row at Lon. 25 degrees W; transport estimates across the salinity maximum core there show a similar strength. Associated with this high-salinity high-oxygen current is a basin-wide front in these properties of varying intensity (weaker in the east) marking the transition to deep water whose North Atlantic characteristics have been partly erased by mixing with Circumpolar Deep Water in the southwest South Atlantic. The water which finally crosses the Walvis Ridge is supplied both by the eastward flow of this (diluted) North Atlantic Deep Water and by a general southeastward interior flow from the northern Angola Basin. Evidence suggests that this deep water continues south in the eastern Cape Basin, leaving the South Atlantic near the African continent.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0967-0637(95)00088-7
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Turbulent momentum and salt transport in the mixing zone of the Elbe estuary (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 28 (6). pp. 615-638.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-04
    Description: Measurements in the mixing zone of the Elbe estuary were performed during three consecutive tidal cycles with three types of instruments—a moored tripod with velocity and temperature/conductivity/light attenuation sensors, a profiling sonde with similar sensors lowered from an anchored vessel, and instrumented moorings. Acoustic-travel-time sensors were used for velocity measurements. Spectral analysis of 12·8 min pieces of the obtained time series gives results that are consistent with isotropic turbulence for part of the frequency space. Temporal changes of turbulent kinetic energy are correlated with tidal current velocity. A retardation is found between changes in tidal current and turbulent energy. Not all shear stress terms are in similar phase with tidal flow. Mean gradients, Reynolds stress terms, and turbulent salt flux terms are combined to determine eddy viscosity and eddy diffusion coefficients.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0272-7714(89)90050-4
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Barotropic tides in the Northeast Atlantic inferred from moored current meter data (1985)
    Springer
    In:  Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift, 38 (1). pp. 7-22.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-02
    Description: Current data obtained from 7 moorings in the Northeast Atlantic in the course of many years are analysed with respect to semi-diurnal barotropic and baroclinic tides and diurnal barotropic tides. For semi-diurnal tides M2 and S2 the energy distribution is usually dominated by the barotropic mode; only in a few cases does the first-order baroclinic mode contain higher energy. Barotropic tidal ellipse orientations are found to be consistent with results from earlier tide gauge observations in this area. Significant deviations occur, however, in amplitudes. Results for the diurnal component K1 are also presented. With few exceptions, tides are found to be progressive waves in this area. The current ellipse pattern is similar to results obtained indirectly by Cartwright, Edden, Spencer et al. [1980] from tide gauge observations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/BF02226433
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Pathways and variability of the Antarctic Intermediate Water in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean. (2005)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 67 . pp. 245-281.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-05
    Description: In the western equatorial Pacific the low-salinity core of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) is found at about 800 m depth between potential density levels σθ = 27.2 and 27.3. The pathways of AAIW and the degradation of its core are studied, from the Bismarck Sea to the Caroline Basins and into the zonal equatorial current system. Both historical and new observational data, and results from numerical circulation model runs are used. The observations include hydrographic stations from German and Japanese research vessels, and Eulerian and Lagrangian current measurements. The model is the JAMSTEC high-resolution numerical model based on the Modular Ocean Model (MOM 2). The general agreement between results from the observations and from the model enables us to diagnose properties and to provide new information on the AAIW. The analysis confirms the paramount influence of topography on the spreading of the AAIW tongue north of New Guinea. Two cores of AAIW are found in the eastern Bismarck Sea. One core originates from Vitiaz Strait and one from St. George’s Channel, probably arriving on a cyclonic pathway. They merge in the western Bismarck Sea without much change in their total salt content, and the uniform core then increases considerably in salt content when subjected to mixing in the Caroline Basins. Hydrographic and moored current observations as well as model results show a distinct annual signal in salinity and velocity in the AAIW core off New Guinea. It appears to be related to the monsoonal change that is typically found in the near-surface waters in the region. Lagrangian data are used to investigate the structure of the deep New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent, the related cross-equatorial flow and eddy-structure, and the embedment in the zonal equatorial current system. Results from 17 neutrally buoyant RAFOS floats, ballasted to drift in the AAIW core layer, are compared with a numerical tracking experiment. In the model 73 particles are released at five-day intervals from Station J (2.5°N, 142°E), simulating currents at a moored time series station north of New Guinea. Observed and model track patterns are fairly consistent in space and season. Floats cross the equator preferably north of Cenderawasih Bay, with a maximum range in eddy-motion in this region north of New Guinea. The northward route at 135°E is also reflected in a low-salinity tongue reaching up to 3°N. At that longitude the floats seem to ignore the zonally aligned equatorial undercurrents. Farther to the east (139 145°E), however, the float observations are consistent with low-latitude bands of intermediate currents.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2005.05.003
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    On the in situ measurement of temperature and electrical conductivity of sea-water (1963)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 10 (3). pp. 269-277.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-22
    Description: After some brief comments on the measurement of temperature and electrical conductivity in oceanography, the measuring probes suitable for in situ measurements are reviewed. Then the method of measurement is described using an improved model of the so-called bathysonde. This makes possible a continuous recording of temperature, conductivity, and pressure with high accuracy in great depths. Measurements from the Skagerrak and from the Mediterranean are considered. Finally, problems are discussed which arise when evaluating electrical conductivity and temperature from in situ measurements.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0011-7471(63)90364-4
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Untersuchungen über die Bedeutung bestimmter Tonfrequenzbänder für die Verständlichkeit synthetischer Sprache und über Änderungen der Sprachverständlichkeit bei Kanalvertauschungen (1961)
    Springer
    In:  Zeitschrift für Angewandte Physik, 13 (6). pp. 275-283.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    On the fine structure of density and current distribution and its short-time variations in different areas (1969)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 5 . pp. 81-94.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-07
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0079-6611(69)90030-5
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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