Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- End User License Agreement -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Microbial Remediation of Heavy Metals -- Removal of Heavy Metals using Microbial Bioremediation -- Deepesh Tiwari1, Athar Hussain2,*, Sunil Kumar Tiwari3, Salman Ahmed4, Mohd. Wajahat Sultan5 and Mohd. Imran Ahamed6 -- INTRODUCTION -- HEAVY METALS: SOURCES AND EFFECTS -- HEAVY METALS OCCURRENCES -- HEAVY METAL REMOVAL STRATEGIES -- Physical Methods -- Chemical Methods -- Biological Methods -- Phytoremediation -- Bioremediation -- Mechanism of Bioremediation -- Bioremediation by Biosorption -- Bioremediation by Bioaccumulation -- Comparison of Biosorption and Bioaccumulation Process -- Biotechnological Intervention in Bioremediation Processes by the Microbial Approach -- The Ability of Microorganisms to Bioremediate Heavy Metals -- Bacteria Remediation Capacity of Heavy Metal -- Fungi Remediation Capacity of Heavy Metal -- Remediation Capacity of Heavy Metal by Algae -- Heavy Metal Removal Using Biofilms -- Plant Approach -- Advantages of Bioremediation -- Disadvantages of Bioremediation -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Bioremediation of Heavy Metal in Paper Mill Effluent -- Priti Gupta1,* -- INTRODUCTION -- PAPER & -- PULP INDUSTRY: GLOBAL OUTLOOK ON UTILITY AND GROWTH -- PAPER & -- PULP INDUSTRY: GLOBAL OUTLOOK ON HAZARDS -- PAPER MAKING PROCESSES AND WASTEWATER GENERATION -- Debarking -- Pulping -- Mechanical Pulping -- Chemical Pulping -- Bleaching -- Washing -- Stock Preparation and Paper Making Process -- HEAVY METALS AT GLANCE -- Adverse Effect of Heavy Metal Contamination -- Soil -- Microbial Population -- Plants -- Animals -- Humans -- Remediation Technologies for the Treatment of Heavy Metal Contaminated Wastewater Effluent. , BIOREMEDIATION: AN INNOVATIVE AND USEFUL APPROACH -- Industrial by-Products -- Agricultural Wastes -- Phytoremediation Methods and its Types -- Microbial Biosorbents -- MICROBIAL BIOREMEDIATION METHODS -- Biosorption -- How Does Biosorption Works? -- Important Factors Governing Biosorption Mechanism -- Types of Biosorption -- Examples of Efficient Biosorbents -- Advantages -- Biotransformation -- Bioaccumulation -- Bioleaching -- FACTORS AFFECTING MICROBIAL REMEDIATION OF HEAVY METALS -- CHALLENGES -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ASPECTS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Bioremediation of Pesticides -- Praveen Kumar Yadav1,2,*, Kamlesh Kumar Nigam3, Shishir Kumar Singh2,4, Ankit Kumar5 and S. Swarupa Tripathy1 -- INTRODUCTION -- Pesticides -- Bioremediation of Pesticides -- Type of Bioremediation -- In-situ Bioremediation -- Ex-situ Bioremediation -- Aerobic Bioremediation -- Anaerobic Bioremediation -- Mycodegradation of Pesticides -- Mycodegradation of Pesticides -- Bacterial Degradation of Pesticides -- Mechanisms Involved in Bioremediation -- Genetic Modification in Bioremediation Tools -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Biosurfactants for Biodégradation -- Telli Alia1,* -- INTRODUCTION -- BIOSURFACTANTS -- Definition and Importance -- Surface Activity -- Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) -- Hydrophile-lipophile Balance -- Emulsion Stability -- Classification, Properties and Applications of Biosurfactants -- APPLICATION OF BIOSUFACTANT IN BIODEGRADATION -- Biodegradation of Crude Oil and Petroleum Wastes -- Removal and Detoxification of Heavy Metals -- Biodegradation of Pesticides -- Biodegradation of Organic Dyes -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES. , Potential Application of Biological Treatment Methods in Textile Dyes Removal -- Rustiana Yuliasni1, Bekti Marlena1, Nanik Indah Setianingsih1, Abudukeremu Kadier2,3,*, Setyo Budi Kurniawan4, Dongsheng Song2,5 and Peng-Cheng Ma2,3 -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORY AND CLASSIFICATION OF DYES -- History of Textile Dyes -- Classification of Dyes Based on Industrial Application -- Direct Dyes -- Disperse Dyes -- Vat Dyes -- Basic Dyes -- Acid Dyes -- Sulphur Dyes -- Azo Dyes -- Reactive Dyes -- Dyes Classification Based on Chromophores -- ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN RELATED TO DYES -- DYES REMOVAL TECHNIQUES -- BIODEGRADATION MECHANISMS OF DYES -- Biosorption -- Bioaccumulation -- Biodegradation -- FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR APPLICATION -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Fungal Bioremediation of Pollutants -- Evans C. Egwim1,*, Oluwafemi A. Oyewole2 and Japhet G. Yakubu2 -- INTRODUCTION -- Pollutants and Their Classification -- Petroleum Hydrocarbons -- Heavy Metals -- Chemical Pollutants -- Synthetic Pesticides -- Industrial Dyes -- Pharmaceutical Products -- Effects of Pollutants in the Soil -- Effects of Pollutants in the Aquatic Environment -- Effects of Pollutants in the Air -- Bioremediation -- Bioremediation Techniques -- Biosparging -- Bioventing -- Bioaugmentation -- Biostimulation -- Ex situ -- Solid Phase -- Land Farming -- Composting -- Biopiles -- Slurry Phase -- Fungi -- Mycoremediation -- White Rot Fungi -- Enzyme System of WRF -- Lignin Peroxidase -- Manganese Peroxidase -- Versatile Peroxidase -- Laccase -- Cytochrome P450s Monooxygenase -- Mycoremediation of Pollutants -- Mycoremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons -- Mycoremediation of Dyes -- Mycoremediation of Pesticides -- Mycoremediation of Pharmaceutical Products -- Mycoremediation of Heavy Metal -- Advantages of Mycoremediation. , Limitations of Mycoremediation -- Nutrients -- Bioavailability of Pollutants -- Temperature -- Effects of pH -- Relative Humidity -- Toxicity of Pollutants -- Oxygen -- Moisture Content -- Presence of Contaminants -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Antifouling Nano Filtration Membrane -- Sonalee Das1,* and Lakshmi Unnikrishnan1 -- INTRODUCTION -- MEMBRANE FOULING -- Classification of Membrane Fouling -- Mechanism of Membrane Fouling -- Factors Affecting Membrane Fouling -- NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES -- Mechanism of Action -- Characterization of NF Membranes -- Industrial Applications -- Challenges in NF Membranes -- Membrane Fouling -- Separation Between the Solutes -- Post-treatment of Concentrates -- Chemical Resistance -- Insufficient Rejection in Water Treatment -- Need for Modelling & -- Simulation Tools -- ANTIFOULING NANOFILTRATION (AF-NF) MEMBRANES -- Recent Progress in the Fabrication of Anti-Fouling Nanofiltration (NF) Membranes -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- Microbes and their Genes involved in Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon -- Bhaskarjyoti Gogoi1, Indukalpa Das1, Shamima Begum1, Gargi Dutta1, Rupesh Kumar1 and Debajit Borah1,* -- INTRODUCTION -- TYPES OF BIOREMEDIATION STRATEGIES -- PHYSICAL METHOD FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON -- CHEMICAL METHOD FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON -- BIOLOGICAL METHODS -- EX-SITU BIOREMEDIATION -- In Situ Bioremediation -- Microbial Bioremediation Method -- ROLE OF BIOSURFACTANTS IN PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION -- ROLE OF MICROBIAL ENZYMES AND RESPONSIBLE GENES IN HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION -- FACTORS AFFECTING BIOREMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST. , ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Application and Major Challenges of Microbial Bioremediation of Oil Spill in Various Environments -- Rustiana Yuliasni1, Setyo Budi Kurniawan2, Abudukeremu Kadier3,4,*, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah2, Peng-Cheng Ma3,4, Bekti Marlena1, Nanik Indah Setianingsih1, Dongsheng Song3,5 and Ali Moertopo Simbolon1 -- INTRODUCTION -- NATURE AND COMPOSITION OF PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL -- BIOREMEDIATION AGENTS -- Bacteria as Bioremediation Agents of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Environment -- Fungal Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Environment -- Algae as Bioremediation Agent of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Environment -- Commercialized Product of Microbial Agents for Hydrocarbon Remediation -- APPLICATION STRATEGIES AND PRACTICES -- In-situ Bioremediation -- Ex-situ Bioremediation -- FACTOR AFFECTING BIOREMEDIATION -- Temperature -- Substances Bioavailability -- Oxygen or Alternate Electron Acceptors -- Nutrients -- MATRICES TO BE REMEDIATED -- Soil Bioremediation -- Water Bioremediation -- Sludge Bioremediation -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE CHALLENGES -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons -- Grace N. Ijoma1, Weiz Nurmahomed1, Tonderayi S. Matambo1, Charles Rashama1 and Joshua Gorimbo1,* -- INTRODUCTION -- Hydrocarbon Pollution Effects on Macrobiota -- Hydrocarbon Pollution Effects on Microbiota -- The Fate of Hydrocarbon Pollution in the Environment -- Weathering, Physical and Chemical Interactions with the Terrestrial Environment -- Weathering, Physical and Chemical Interactions within the Terrestrial Environment -- Reasons for Hydrocarbon Recalcitrance to Biodegradation -- Ecotoxicology: Consortia Stress Responses, Tolerance and Adaptation -- Rate-limiting Nutrients: Changes in Nitrogen Flux -- Changes in Microbial Population Dynamics. , Microbial Consortia Interactions Employed in the Degradation of Hydrocarbons.