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  • 1
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    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  Journal of Plankton Research, 26 (3). pp. 357-369.
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The so-called ‘turbulence incubator’ overcomes an essential disadvantage of static in situ incubations where at high irradiances an artificial photoinhibition is caused by neglecting turbulent mixing in the upper water column. It is operated on deck and simulates the changing light conditions for vertically mixed phytoplankton cells by moving the sample bottles horizontally through a circular water bath covered by a glass lid of neutral optical density filters. In this way the exponentially decreasing irradiance within the euphotic zone is simulated and photoinhibition near the surface is avoided. A crucial point is the choice of revolution rate for simulating turbulent mixing under natural conditions. The incubator is characterized by its handy size, a relatively simple and inexpensive construction and a battery-driven motor. It can thus even be operated on small vessels without an electric generator. The incubator is especially suited for vertically mixed waters such as shallow bays, tidal estuaries and rivers. Its reliability was successfully tested by a simultaneous comparison with in situ measurements at various stations representing different water types and environmental conditions, ranging from the turbid River Elbe to the clear open Baltic Sea. In 9 out of 11 experiments, higher primary production rates were obtained in the turbulence incubator than in static in situ incubations. The majority of the latter were characterized by a pronounced photoinhibition in the upper two incubation depths representing the 100 and 50% light levels. The average rate increase amounted to 22%, with a range between 11 and 53% depending on light attenuation and irradiance.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 174 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 137 pp.
    Publication Date: 2014-10-14
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 140 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 105 pp.
    Publication Date: 2016-04-18
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 180 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 200 pp.
    Publication Date: 2014-10-14
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-05-30
    Description: In an assessment of non-indigenous species transported by international ship traffic to German waters, commissioned by the German Federal Environmental Agency, the survival of tropical plankton organisms in ballast water was studied by accompanying a container vessel on its 23-day voyage from Singapore to Bremerhaven in Germany. Two tanks, one filled off Singapore and the other off Colombo, Sri Lanka, were monitored for their phyto- and zooplankton content by daily sampling. As already reported in previous studies, species abundance and diversity, especially of zooplankton, decreased sharply during the first days, and only a few specimens survived the whole cruise. The contents of the Colombo tank, however, changed dramatically during the last week. The harpacticoid copepod, Tisbe graciloides, increased its abundance by a factor of 100 from 0.1 to 10ind. l–1 within a few days. This is the first time that a ballast water organism has been found to multiply at such a high rate. Opportunistic species such as Tisbe are apparently able to thrive and propagate in ballast water tanks under certain conditions. Ballast water tanks may thus serve as incubators for certain species depending on their characteristics.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-04-19
    Description: This data volume presents a series of planktological observations carried out over a 19-year-period in Kiel Bight in the Western Baltic Sea. Three fixed stations (Boknis Eck: 1957 - 1975, Fehmarnbalt: 1951 - 1960, Breitgrund: 1960 - 1971) were visited at monthly intervals, and the plankton standing stock was investigated in relation to depth and environmental factors, employing a standard observation programme. This consisted in the measurement of temperature, salinity, (density), oxygen, (oxygen saturation), total phosphorus, PO4-phosphorus, seston, protein and chlorophyll a. Additional measurements comprised the caloric content of seston, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (Boknis Eck: 1973 - 75), as well at dry weight and organic matter of p1ankton, sampled by vertical hauls of three plankton nets of different mesh size: 55 µm, 100 µm and 300 µm {Boknis Eck: 1963 - 75).
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-04-22
    Description: Im August 1966 wurden zwischen Cuxhaven und Edinburgh 39 Oberflachenproben in 10 sm Abstand und 17 Tiefenproben auf 5 Vertikalstationen entnommen. Es wurden die Verteilung von Temperatur, Salzgehalt, Trübung, Gelbstoff-, Chlorophyll a- und Eiweißgehalt und die Artenzusammensetzung des größeren Phytoplanktons untersucht. Folgende Wassermassen wurden beobachtet: 1. Das Wasser der Deutschen Bucht mit hohen Werten für die Trübung, den Gelbstoff-, Chlorophyll- und Eiweißgehalt. Das Phytoplankton ist durch den Reichtum an Diatomeen mit der vorherrschenden Art Rhizosolenia imbricata var. shrubsolei gekennzeichnet. 2. Das salzreiche Doggerbankwasser atlantischer Herkunft, das sehr niedrige Werte für die untersuchten biologischen Faktoren aufweist. Neben den Diatomeen werden Dinoflagellaten häufig. 3. Das Britannische Ostktüstenwasser mit einem leicht erhöhten Gelbstoffgehalt aber sonst ebenfalls sehr niedrigen Werten für Trübung, Chlorophyll a und Eiweiß. Die Kieselalgen sind von Peridineen abgelöst worden. Die Leitform ist Ceratium furca. Der Küsteneinfluß ist an der schottischen Küste sehr viel geringer als in der Deutschen Bucht. Die niedrigen Chlorophyll- und Eiweißwerte in der offenen Nordsee kennzeichnen das sommerliche Minimum in der Planktonentwicklung.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-04-26
    Description: Anhand von zwei käuflichen Präparaten wird die Extinktion von Chlorophyll a in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln untersucht und daraus der Extinktionskoeffizient für frisch extrahiertes, ungetrocknetes Chlorophyll a in Methanol abgeleitet. Er beträgt für das rote Extinktionsmaximum bei 665 nm 75.0 l/g cm. Die Extinktionskoeffizienten von getrocknetem Chlorophyll a sind in den untersuchten Lösungsmitteln 10-25% niedriger als die von einer frisch extrahierten Chlorophyllösung (Tabelle 2). Die Messung des Chlorophyll a-Gehaltes kann mit hinreichender Genauigkeit in einem Filterphotometer (ELKO II, Zeiss) ausgeführt werden. Hierzu werden Eichkurven für drei verschiedene Interferenzfilter angegeben. From two purchasable preparations of crystalline chlorophyll a, the extinction coefficient of undried chlorophyll a in methanol has been calculated as 75.0 l/g cm at the maximum of extinction at 665 nm. The extinction coefficients of dried chlorophyll a in the different solvents tested are 10-25% lower than those of undried chlorophyll a (table 2). Chlorophyll a can be measured in a filter photometer (ELKO II, Zeiss) with sufficient precision. Standard curves for three different interference filters are given.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-04-26
    Description: Die Teilchengrößenanalyse van Detrituspartikeln mit dem Teilchengrößenanalysator TGZ 3 der Firma Zeiss wird ausführlich beschrieben. Nach dieser Methode wurden insgesamt 92 Wasserproben von 6 Stationen in der westlichen Ostsee untersucht und eine Gesamtverteilungskurve für alle Detritusteilchen gebildet. In dem untersuchten Größenbereich zwischen 8 und 60 µ wurden die folgenden Mittelwerte gefunden: Teilchengröße: 17.6 ± 6.5 µ., Teilchenzahl: 1.35 Mill./l, Teilchenvolumen: 5.68 mm3/l, Teilchenoberfläche: 14.91 cm2/l. Es wird gezeigt, daß unter gewissen Voraussetzungen aus der Teilchengrößenverteilung das Detritustrockengewicht einer Wasserprobe errechnet werden kann. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse werden mit den Detrituswerten verglichen, die aus den gleichzeitig ausgeführten chemischen Analysendaten durch die Differenzbildung Sestongewicht - Planktongewicht (nach dem Eiweiß- und Chlorophyllgehalt) = Detritusgewicht erhalten wurden. The analysis of the size distribution of detritus particles by means of the 'Teilchengrößenanalysator TGZ 3, Fa. Zeiss' is described in detail. 92 water samples collected at 6 stations in the western Baltic were analysed by this method. A total size spectrum for all counted particles is formed. in the investigated size group ranging from 8 to 60 µ average values were found as follows: particle size: 17.6 ± 6.5 µ, particle number: 1.35 mill./l, particle volume: 5.68 mm3/l, particle surface: 14.91 cm2/l. It is shown, with some assumptions, that the dry weight of detritus particles present in a water sample can be calculated from their size frequency. The obtained results are compared with parallel values derived from chemical analysis of the same samples as follows: seston weight - plankton weight (derived from albumen and chlorophyll content) = detritus weight.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    Publication Date: 2022-05-03
    Description: Die Sestonbestimmung hat den Vorteil, eine einfache, vielseitig anwendbare Methode in der biologischen Meereskunde zu sein. Ihre Genauigkeit hängt in erster Linie von der Beschaffenheit des Filtermaterials, der Größe der Filter und den Wägebedingungen ab. In diesem Zusammenhang werden drei Filtersorten miteinander verglichen: Papierfilter (Schleicher & Schüll 575), Sartorius-Membranfilter (SM 11304) und Glasfaserfilter (Whatman GF/C). Die Glasfaserfilter wurden hierbei, soweit bekannt, zum ersten Mal für die Sestonbestimmung benutzt. In der Filtrationsleistung sind sie den Membranfiltern vergleichbar. Aus voneinander unabhängigen Doppelbestimmungen wird die Standardabweichung der Methode bei der Verwendung der verschiedenen Filtersorten ermittelt. Die größte Genauigkeit erreichten Whatman-Glasfaserfilter (⌀ 2,5 cm) mit ± 0,15 mg auf der 95% Wahrscheinlichkeitsebene. Zum Schluß wird eine neue Filtationsapparatur beschrieben und eine ausführliche Arbeitsvorschrift gegeben. Seston determination has the advantage of being a simple method with a wide range of application in biological oceanography. Its accuracy depends mainly on the quality of the filter material, the size of the filters and the weighing conditions. Under these aspects three filter types are compared: paper filters (Schleicher& Schüll 575), Sartorius membrane filters (SM 11304) and glassfibre filters (Whatman GF/C). The glassfibre filters have been used here, as far as is known, for the first time for seston determination. Their filtration efficiency is comparable to that of the membrane filters. By means of independent double determinations the standard deviation of the method shown by the three filter types tested is calculated. The highest accuracy was attained by Whatman glassfibre filters (⌀ 2.5 cm) with ± 0.15 mg on the 95% probability level. Finally, a new filtration apparatus is described and detailed directions for determining seston given.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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