Anmerkung: Intro -- Series Editor's Foreword -- Scientific Committee -- Introduction -- Contents -- Energy and Smart Systems -- 1 Multivariable Coupling Influence on Energy-Efficient Skylight Design -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Response Surface Methodology Working Steps -- 2.2 RSM for Energy-Saving Building Design -- 2.3 Framework of This Study -- 3 Simulation Settings -- 3.1 Base Model Settings -- 3.2 Factor Parameterization -- 3.2.1 Geometry Factors -- 3.2.2 Material Settings of Skylights -- 3.2.3 Exterior Blind Settings -- 3.3 Experiment Summary -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Experiment Outputs of Ec, Eh, El, and Et -- 4.2 Mathematical Model Generation for Et -- 4.3 Trend Between Total Energy Demand and Multifactors -- 4.4 Optimization for Energy-Saving Design -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Performance of L-shaped Mini Louvers in Tropical Cities in Cooling Energy Reduction: Case Study of Mumbai, Mexico City, and Lagos -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Previous Researches -- 3 Research Methods -- 4 Simulations -- 5 Results -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Conclusions and Further Researches -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 User Perception of Energy Efficiency in School of Architecture and Built Environment (SABE) Building, Kigali, RWANDA -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Sustainability in Building Designs and Users -- 2 Research Method -- 3 Findings and Discussion -- 3.1 Passive Design Considerations -- 3.2 User Perception on Thermal Considerations -- 3.3 User Perception on Lighting Considerations -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Research on Small Sewage Treatment Technology -- Abstract -- 1 Overview -- 2 Rural Sewage Treatment Technology in Jilin Province -- 2.1 Traditional A2O Process -- 2.2 Traditional and Improved SBR Process -- 2.2.1 Traditional SBR Process -- 2.2.2 CAST Process. , 2.2.3 MSBR Process -- 2.3 MBR Process -- 2.4 VFL Process -- 2.4.1 Principle and Layout of VFL Process -- 2.4.2 VFL Process Characteristics -- 2.4.3 Practical Cases in Jilin Province -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Smart Energy Infrastructure and Technology: Assessing Community Preparedness for Residential Solar Uptake -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Project Background -- 3 India's Energy Context: Exploring Policy, Regulation, and Guidelines and Their Influence on India's Solar Energy Market -- 4 Indian Building Codes -- 5 To Address the Challenge… -- 6 Methodology -- 7 Analysis -- 8 Experience Without Solar Panels -- 9 Experience with Solar Panels -- 10 Built Environment Implications on Uptake of Solar Panels -- 11 Conclusion -- References -- 6 A Comparative Study of Spanish Mid-Sized Smart Cities from the Citizen's Perspective -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Concept of Smart City -- 3 Case Study -- 4 Methodological Framework -- 4.1 Definition of the Indicators -- 4.2 Evaluation Scales -- 4.3 Obtaining the Relevance Indexes -- 4.4 Evaluating the Cities and Obtaining the Rankings -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Relevance Indexes (RIs) -- 5.2 Evaluating the Cities -- 5.3 City Rankings -- 6 Conclusions -- Annex 1. Evaluation Scales Established for the Governance Indicators -- Annex 2. Evaluation Scales Established for the Mobility Indicators -- Annex 3. Evaluation Scales Established for the Environment Indicators -- Annex 4. Evaluation Scales Established for the Economy Indicators -- Annex 5. Evaluation Scales Established for the People Indicators -- Annex 6. Evaluation Scales Established for the Living Indicators -- References -- 7 Optimization of Micro-house Building Façade in Supporting the Net Zero Energy Buildings (Nze-Bs) Program for Low-Cost Economics Communities in Bandung City, Indonesia -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review. , 2.1 The Concept of "Efficiency-House Plus" as a Concept of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy -- 2.2 Between the Concept of Eco-architecture and NZE-Buildings -- 2.3 Building Facade -- 2.3.1 Daylight Level (DiL) -- 2.3.2 Building and Orientation -- 3 Research Methods -- 3.1 Method -- 3.2 Research Site -- 3.2.1 Desain Micro-house -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Facades and Buildings -- 4.2 Material and Paint Selection -- 4.3 IES-VE V.5.3.1, CFD, and Ecotect Thermal Comfort Tool -- 4.4 Energy Consumption in Processed Building Facades -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Commercial Development and GIS in Neighborhood Context: Case of Tirana, Albania -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review and Background -- 2.1 Importance of Location Selection -- 2.2 Analysis Through GIS -- 2.3 Characteristics of the Neighborhood -- 2.4 Research Problematics -- 2.5 Objectives of the Research -- 2.6 Research Hypothesis and Development Scenario -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Software Needs -- 3.2 Collection and Data Editing -- 4 Analysis -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Findings and Discussions -- 6 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 9 The Effect of Shading Devices with Integrated Photovoltaics on Energy Efficiency of Buildings -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Design Considerations -- 1.2 Performance Evaluation -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Location and Climate -- 2.2 Case Study -- 2.3 Simulations -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Energy Consumption -- 3.2 PV Production -- 3.3 Economics of PV Production -- 3.4 Shading Device Efficiency -- 3.4.1 PV Production/Electricity Consumption -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Traditional Architecture of the Heritage Villages in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Thermal Performance Efficiency -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Problem and Objective of Research -- 3 Research Methodology. , 4 Temporal and Spatial Determinants -- 5 Practical Steps in the Search -- 6 Analytical Study of Heritage Villages -- 6.1 Majmaah Heritage Village -- 6.2 Hirma Heritage Village -- 7 Results -- 7.1 Results of Thermal Performance Analysis for Both Villages -- 7.2 The Results of the Comparison Between the Thermal Performance of the Two Villages -- 8 Recommendations -- References -- Innovative Strategies and Measures for Achieving Sustainability -- 11 Megaprojects, Ecology and the Environment: Dimensions of Sustainability in Global Cities -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Focus on Sustainability -- 3 Environmental Sustainability in Tokyo, London, Paris, and New York City -- 3.1 Tokyo Bay -- 3.1.1 Urban Heat Island Effect -- 3.1.2 Liquefaction of Reclaimed Land -- 3.2 London: 2012 Olympics -- 3.2.1 Cooperation with the Rio Tinto Mine -- 3.2.2 Loss of Biodiversity -- 3.2.3 Mismanagement of Nuclear Waste -- 3.2.4 Loss of Allotment and Greenspace -- 3.3 Paris: La Défense -- 3.3.1 Disturbance of Skyline -- 3.3.2 Criticisms Against the Grande Arche -- 3.3.3 Unequal Distribution of Natural Light -- 3.4 New York City: New World Trade Center -- 3.4.1 Green Concrete -- 3.4.2 Doubts on LEED Certification -- 3.4.3 Hotter Environment -- 4 Governance for Sustainable Megaprojects -- 5 Sustainable Infrastructure Delivery -- 6 Sustainable Development Zones -- 7 Sustainable Planning and Design -- 8 Sustainable Management -- 9 Institutional Sustainability -- 10 Socio-economic Sustainability -- 11 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Elements Related to Sustainability of Urban Form: Study of an Indian City, Thane (Maharashtra, India) -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objectives -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Literature Review -- 4.1 Urban Form Sustainability-Global Scenario -- 4.2 Urban Form Sustainability-Indian Scenario -- 4.3 Different Types of Urban Forms. , 5 Factors That Make Indian Cities Unsustainable -- 6 Study Area -- 7 Measuring Urban Form of Thane -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- 13 The Potential of Benghazi Lakes and Wetlands in Achieving Sustainable Master Plan -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Methodology and Aims -- 1.2 Wetlands and Lakes of Benghazi -- 1.2.1 City of Lakes and Wetlands Between Past and Present -- 1.2.2 Benghazi Main Wetlands and Lakes Types -- 1.2.3 Case Studies of Benghazi Lakes and Wetlands -- Sabkha Sabri -- West Entrance Lake (Lake Juliana) -- Northern Lakes -- Lagoon 23rd July -- Ain Zayana Lagoon -- 1.2.4 Summary of Results -- 1.3 Wetlands' Significance to Benghazi City -- 1.4 The Importance of Wetlands and Coastal Lakes -- 1.5 Wetlands and Lakes Problems and Possible Fragmentations -- 1.6 Previous Calls to Highlight of the Wetlands and Lakes Situation in Benghazi -- 1.7 Why Wetlands and Lakes Are Essential for Sustainable Development? -- 1.8 Sustainable Strategies for Benghazi Wetlands and Lakes Rehabilitation Plan -- 1.9 Conclusions -- References -- 14 Innovative Sustainable Strategies to Mobility and Urban Transport Problems in Benghazi -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Urban Sustainable Transport Strategies -- 2.1 Sustainable Transport Objectives -- 2.2 The Benefits of Sustainable Transport Strategies -- 2.3 Principles of Successful Sustainable Solutions -- 3 Case Study Area, Benghazi City -- 3.1 Why Sustainable Transport Strategies Are Needed in Benghazi Now? -- 3.2 Challenges in the Transport Sector in Benghazi -- 4 Benghazi Proposal Plans and Opportunities for the Future -- 4.1 Why Road-User Charging Scheme is Needed in Benghazi? -- 4.2 Why Public Transport System is Important in Benghazi? -- 4.3 Why Walkable Streets in Benghazi Are Important and How Can We Achieve Them? -- 4.4 Modal Share and Shuttle Service. , 4.5 Transit-Oriented Development Approach-TOD.