Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Metalloenzymes Involved in the Metabolism of Reactive Oxygen Species and Heavy Metal Stress -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Catalase (CAT -- EC 1.11.1.6) -- 3…Superoxide Dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) -- 4…Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX -- EC 1.11.1.11) -- 5…Xanthine Oxidoreductase -- 6…Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Metal Transporters in Plants -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Plants and Heavy Metals -- 2.1 Glutathione and Related Thiols -- 2.2 Metallothionein-like ProteinsMetallothionein-like Proteins and Metallothionein Expression -- 2.3 Induction of Thiols by Heavy Metals -- 3…Accumulation of Heavy Metals by Different Plant Species -- 3.1 Phytoremediation -- 3.2 Basic Mechanisms of Phytoremediation -- 3.3 HyperaccumulatorHyperaccumulator -- 3.3.1 Nickel -- 3.3.2 Zinc and Lead -- 3.3.3 Cadmium -- 3.3.4 Cobalt and Copper -- 3.3.5 Manganese -- 3.3.6 Selenium -- 4…Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Biochemistry of Metals/Metalloids Toward Remediation Process -- Abstract -- 1…IntroductionIntroduction -- 1.1 Plants as Accumulators of MetalsPlants as Accumulators of Metals -- 1.2 Hyperaccumulator PlantsHyperaccumulator Plants -- 1.3 High Biomass CropsHigh Biomass Crops -- 2…Factors Affecting Metal Uptake by PlantsFactors Affecting Metal Uptake by Plants -- 3…Mechanism of Glutathione-Mediated Metal Stress Tolerant in PlantsMechanism of Glutathione-Mediated Metal Stress Tolerant in Plants -- 4…Metals Uptake by PlantsMetals Uptake by Plants -- 5…Root-to-Shoot TranslocationRoot-to-Shoot Translocation -- 6…Detoxification/SequestrationDetoxification/Sequestration -- 7…Improvement for Enhanced PhytoextractionImprovement for Enhanced Phytoextraction -- 8…ConclusionsConclusions -- References -- 4 Role of Phytochelatins in Heavy Metal Stress and Detoxification Mechanisms in Plants -- Abstract. , 1…Introduction -- 2…Heavy Metal Uptake and Accumulation by Plants -- 3…Root System, Transporters and Heavy Metals -- 4…Sequestration of Metals into Vacuole -- 5…Role of Metal-Binding Ligands -- 6…Phytochelatins: The Heavy Metal Chelator -- 7…Phytochelatins Biosynthesis -- 8…Role of Phytochelatins in Heavy Metal Stress and Detoxification -- 9…Phytochelatins on Sulfur MetabolismSulfur Metabolism During Heavy Metal Stress -- 10…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Detoxification and Tolerance of Heavy Metal in Tobacco Plants -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2… Distribution Rule of HMs in Tobacco -- 3… Physiological Detoxification Mechanism of Tobacco to HMs Stress -- 3.1 Antioxidative Enzymes or Antioxidants -- 3.2 The Role of Trichomes and Crystals -- 4…The Special Genes Influencing Tobacco HMs Accumulation -- 5…How to Regulate Tobacco HMs Accumulation -- 5.1 Ensuring the Safety of Tobacco Leaf -- 5.2 Improving Soil Phytoremediation Efficacy -- 6…Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Heavy Metal Uptake and Tolerance of Charophytes -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Calcification and Nutrient Store -- 3…Carbonate-Bound Metals Fraction -- 4…Heavy Metal and Tolerance Capability of Charophytes -- 5…Metal Binding and Accumulation Mechanism in Charophytes -- 6…Conclusion -- References -- 7 Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Lead Uptake, Toxicity and Detoxification in Higher Plants -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Plant Absorption of Lead -- 3…Lead in the Root and Its Translocation to the Aerial Parts -- 3.1 Radial Diffusion in the Root -- 3.1.1 Apoplastic Pathway -- 3.1.2 Symplastic Pathway -- 3.2 Detoxification Mechanisms -- 3.2.1 Constitutive Mechanisms -- 3.2.2 Inducible Mechanisms -- General Mechanisms -- Phytochelatins -- Metallothioneins -- 3.3 Translocation to the Aerial Parts of the Plant -- 4…Lead Effects on Plants. , 4.1 Effects on the Cell Constituents -- 4.1.1 Effects on the Cell Envelopes -- 4.1.2 Effects on Proteins -- Effects on the Protein Pool -- Inactivation Mechanisms -- Activation Mechanisms -- 4.1.3 Antimitotic and Genotoxic Action of Lead -- 4.2 Water Status -- 4.3 Mineral Nutrition -- 4.4 Photosynthesis -- 4.5 Respiration -- 5…Lead and Oxidative Stress -- 5.1 Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress -- 5.2 Role of NADPH-Oxidase in Lead-Induced Toxicity -- 5.2.1 Activation of NADPH-Oxidase -- 5.2.2 Implication of NADPH-Oxidase in Lead-Induced Toxicity -- 5.2.3 Alternative Sources of ROS -- 6…Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- 8 Interpopulation Responses to Metal Pollution: Metal Tolerance in Wetland Plants -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction: Metal Pollution -- 2…Plant Tolerance to Metals, General Considerations -- 3…Interpopulation Metal Tolerance Between Dryland and Wetland Plants, an Overview -- 4…Other Considerations in Relation with Environmental Factors and Population Metal Tolerance Responses in Wetland Ecosystems -- 5…Future Actions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Intraspecific Variation in Metal Tolerance of Plants -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Assessment of Variation in Metal Tolerance and Accumulation -- 2.1 In Vitro Screening Approach -- 3…Evaluation of Variability of Different Genotypes in Response to Exogenous Application of Heavy Metals -- 3.1 Toward Selenium (Se) BiofortificationBiofortification -- 4…Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Differences Related to Metal Tolerance -- 5…Conclusion -- References -- 10 Metallomics and Metabolomics of Plants Under Environmental Stress Caused by Metals -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Metal Toxicity in Plants -- 2.1 Mercury -- 2.2 Cadmium -- 2.3 ArsenicArsenic -- 2.4 Selenium -- 3…Metal InteractionsMetal Interactions in Plants -- 3.1 Selenium--Arsenic Effects on Plants. , 3.2 Sulfur and Selenium AntagonismAntagonism -- 4…MetallomicMetallomic and MetabolomicMetabolomic Techniques for Study of Plants Under Metal Stress -- 4.1 Collection of Plants -- 4.2 Metal Chemical SpeciationChemical Speciation and MetallomicsMetallomics in Plant -- 4.2.1 Sample Treatment in Metallomics -- 4.2.2 Metallomics Workflow -- 4.3 MetabolomicsMetallomics in Plant -- 4.3.1 Metabolomics Workflow for Plant Experiments -- 4.3.2 Sample Treatment for Metabolomic Studies -- 4.3.3 DataData ProcessingProcessingData Processing and Multivariate Analysis -- 5…Case Studies of Plant Under Metal Stress -- 5.1 Experiments ExposureExposure -- 5.2 Plants as BioindicatorsBioindicators in Environmental Monitoring of Metal Pollution -- 5.3 AlgaeAlgae as Functional FoodFunctional Food -- 6…Concluding Remarks -- References -- 11 Biogeochemical Cycling of Arsenic in Soil--Plant Continuum: Perspectives for Phytoremediation -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Bioavailability of Arsenic to Plants -- 3…Fate of Arsenic as Related to Rhizosphere pH -- 4…Fate of Arsenic as Related to Rhizosphere Redox Potential -- 5…Fate of Arsenic as Related to Soil Organic Matter -- 6…Role of Soil Microbes -- 7…Arsenic--Phosphorus Interaction -- 8…Arsenic Accumulation in Crops -- 9…Coordination Environment of Arsenic in Plant Tissue -- 10…Detoxification of Arsenic in Plants -- 11…Phytoremediation by Hyperaccumulating Plants -- 12…Novel Transgenic Strategies for Phytoremediation -- 13…Conclusions -- References -- 12 Evaluation of the Potential of Salt Marsh Plants for Metal Phytoremediation in Estuarine Environment -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Phytoremediation Potential of Halimione portulacoides -- 3…PhytoremediationPhytoremediation Potential of Juncus maritimus and Phragmites australis -- 4…Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index.