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  • 1970-1974  (3)
  • 1965-1969  (7)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tracer Experiments in Feeding Littoral Foraminifera (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Tracer technic has proved to be an excellent tool in the study of predator-prey relationships among the foraminifera. More than fifty axenic species of protists including diatoms, dinoflagellates, chlorophytes, chrysophytes, cyanophytes, bacteria and yeasts were tested as potential food for Allogromia sp (NF), A. laticollaris, Am. monia beccarii, Quinqueloculina spp, Rosalina floridana, Anomalina sp, Elphidium sp, Spiroloculina hyalina, Globigerina bulloides, and Globorotalia truncatulinoides. Although many types of potential food are present in the environment, foraminifera select only certain organisms. The yeasts, cyanophytes, dinoflagellates, chrysophytes and most bacteria tested were not eaten. Selected species of diatoms, chlorophytes and bacteria were eaten in large quantity. Three additional factors affect feeding: the “age” of the food organism, the “age” of the foraminifer or its position in the life cycle, and the concentration of the food. Feeding by foraminifera on most food is erratic below a concentration of 103 organisms and is approximately directly proportional to concentration within a range of 103-106 organisms per 10 ml experimental tube. A natural bloom of Protelphidium tisburyensis was analyzed. A high concentration of 6 species of diatoms characterized the community. A “bloom”-feeder hypothesis for foraminiferal nutrition is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1966.tb01978.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prolonged Culture of the Voracious Flagellate Peranema in Antioxidant-Containing Media (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Peranema trichophorum remained vigorous at least a year in milk-lecithin media and 3 months in a nearly defined autoclavable biphasic agar medium fortified with the fat-soluble antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene. The only undefined substance in the present “defined” medium is crude soybean lecithin; 0.001% lecithin suffices in the presence of a mixture of long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Linoleic acid may be indispensable. Histidine is an absolute requirement as well as a favored substrate. Cholesterol, not ergosterol, satisfied the sterol requirement. Voracity is retained in these media as shown by engorgement on plastic latex particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1966.tb01877.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autogamy in Allogromia laticollaris (Foraminifera) (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 17 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The life cycles of 2 strains of Allogromia laticollaris (CSH and TPA) raised on experimentally restricted diets have been studied. Cloned cultures of the strains differed in nutritional requirements for continuous reproduction. The TPA strain was more fecund. Both strains have a basically apogamic (asexual) life cycle; only occasionally were gamonts (sexually reproducing individuals) produced. They were autogamous (self-fertilizing) and fusion of the gametes took place within the parental test.We found in CSH clones a regular alternation of vesicularly nucleated and compactly multinucleated diploid generations. The details of the life cycle of either strain are not known well enough to be able to construct life cycle diagrams more meaningful than that of Arnold. The 2 strains studied differ in cytologic and nuclear detail from each other and from the strain studied by Arnold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1970.tb02354.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apparent Indispensability of Bacteria in Foraminiferan Nutrition (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 16 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Bacteria were required for the sustained reproduction of 4 species of foraminifera in gnotobiotic culture. None of the species of algae tested, singly or in combination, supported continuous reproduction of the foraminifera in bacteria-free gnotobiotic culture. It is inferred that bacteria have some nutritional factor required by the foraminifera that is either unavailable or unavailable in sufficient quantity in an exclusively algal diet.Gnotobiotic clones of Quinqueloculina lata, Spiroloculina hyalina, Rosalina leei, and Allogromia laticollaris were established on bacteria + algae (usually 1 or 2 species). In balanced gnotobiotic cultures neither light nor foraminiferan density (organisms/ml) were limiting. As cultures aged, pH shifted and limited growth. When waste products were removed by washing, reproductive rates were higher.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1969.tb02303.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative Studies on the Growth of Allogromia laticollaris (Foraminifera) (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 16 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The growth and reproduction of Allogromia laticollaris was studied. More schizozoites were generally produced in mixtures of food organisms than on single algal foods. In the presence of moderate numbers of bacteria, cultures with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Chlorococcum sp., Nannochloris sp., and an unidentified chlorophyte (BL-1), added singly, were also highly productive. Schizogony was the dominant asexual form of reproduction. Binary fission and cytotomy also occurred in bacterized otherwise unfed controls. 35S and 32P are convenient labels for measuring growth of A. laticollaris when introduced into the system in the range of 1 × 104 - 1 × 105 dpm/ml (32P specific activity ∼ 2.03 MCi/g; 35S specific activity ∼ 95 μCi/g). Small allogromiids grew faster than did larger ones. By means of the Taylor series modification of the classical least-squares method, a continuous life-cycle representation was calculated for A. laticollaris for the conditions of the experiment. Four points of cell volume growth were maxima for reproduction: 1.0 × 107μ per organism for curve I; 2.2 × 107μ3 and 1.2 × 107μ3 for curve II; and 6.7 × 107μ3 for curve III.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1969.tb02286.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minimal Defined Media for Vegetative Growth of the Acrasian Polysphondylium pallidum WS-320 (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Polysphondylium pallidum WS-320 grows indefinitely as vegetative amebae in a liquid medium where (a) substrates comprise sucrose, glycerol, acetate, lactate, citrate, and glutamate; (b) essential nutrients (riboflavin, lysine, glycine, and possibly several other amino acids that may be essential) are supplied. The growth thus supported (2 × 106 cells/ml) is more than doubled by provision of a mixture of crude fatty acids, an acid hydrolysate of casein supplemented with B vitamins, purines, pyrimidines, and fat-soluble antioxidants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1966.tb01888.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytological Observations on Two Planktonic Foraminifera, Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny, 1826, and Globigerinoides ruber (d'Orbigny, 1839) Cushman, 1927 (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 12 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Globigerina bulloides and Globigerinoides ruber, two pelagic foraminifera from the North Atlantic, were fixed in modified Zenker or Bouin solutions directly after collection and studied cytochemically. They have two unusual organelles: a vesicular system and an organelle provisionally named a “cryptosome.” The vesicular system occurs chiefly in the newest formed chambers and consists of a pair of intertwined tubules with helical fine structure which terminate in a bouquet of approximately 20 vesicles or loops. The function of this system is unknown. The detailed morphology of the vesicular system is different in each species. The cryptosome is a structure which varies greatly in its morphology. It is better developed in G. bulloides than it is in G. ruber. At times a cryptosome may occupy up to 2/3 of the protoplasm of a chamber. In Himes-Moriber-stained preparations crypto-somes stain with naphthol yellow S and contain within them an azure A-Schiff staining spongy reticulum. Both of the pelagic foraminifera studied are heterokaryotic. Agamonts of G. ruber may have a graded series of nuclear sizes but those of G. bulloides typically have a single somatic nucleus. The zooxanthellae of G. ruber are similar to Symbiodinium microadriaticum and may collectively occupy almost 4/5 the volume of a chamber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb03253.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Algal Flagellate Symbiosis in the Foraminifer Archaias (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 16 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. A symbiotic alga from the foraminifer Archaias angulatus was isolated axenically. Algae from crushed hosts were coccoid and highly vacuolated; division stages within an envelope were common. Biflagellate motile piriform organisms predominated in newly transferred cultures and were gradually replaced by the coccoid, highly vacuolated stage. Incorporation of 14C label in intact Archaias was greatest for organisms fed and incubated in light. Starved symbiotized organisms incubated in the light incorporated ∼30% as much label as fed counterparts, There was no obvious difference in 45Ca incorporation between fed and starved organisms. Light significantly enhanced calcification. The Archaias symbiont infected Rosalina leei but not Quinqueloculina spp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1969.tb02235.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Life cycles of marine nematodes (1972)
    Springer
    Oecologia 10 (1972), S. 167-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Monhystera denticulata Timm, a free-living nematode present in the aufwuchs assemblages of several marine macrophytes located in North Sea Harbor, Southampton, New York, was isolated from Zostera marina and established in laboratory culture in order to study the influences of temperature and salinity on its life history. Under experimental conditions, M. denticulata has a generation time (Measured as the time elapsing between the first egg depositions of consecutive generations) of 10–12 days at 25° C and 26‰ S, which represent optimal growth conditions in the laboratory. The organism has a generation time of 20 days at 25° C and 13‰, 17 days at 25° C and 39‰, 18 days at 15° C and 26‰, 36 days at 15° C and 13‰ and 34 days at 15° C and 39‰. As conditions vary from the optimum of 25° C and 26‰ S, a decrease in temperature of 10° C and an increase or decrease in salinity of 13‰ results in a doubling of the generation time. At 5° C the generation time is about 180–197 days. Assuming optimum conditions and average generation time, about 15 generations of M. denticulata could occur in North Sea Harbor during the year. The number of generations occurring in reality is probably less, however, due to the fact that the females deposit their eggs over a period of several days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347988
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Life history and feeding habits of the marine nematode, Chromadora macrolaimoides steiner (1973)
    Springer
    Oecologia 12 (1973), S. 303-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chromadora macrolaimoides Steiner, a free-living nematode present in the aufwuchs assemblages of several marine macrophytes located in North Sea Harbor, Southampton, New York, was isolated from Enteromorpha intestinalis and established in laboratory culture, where its life history and feeding habits were studied. Under the experimental conditions (25 C and 26‰ S) the worm has an average generation time (22 days) and average life span (45 days) similar to other chromadorids which have been studied in the laboratory. Tracer-feeding experiment with 32P-labelled bacteria, diatoms and chlorophytes indicate selectivity by the worm in both the ingestion and apparent digestion of potential food organisms, with the diatoms and chlorophytes being the preferred foods. Out of a total of 20 species of algae and 14 species of bacteria, two species of diatoms (Nitzschia acicularis and Cylindrotheca closterium) were found which are capable of sustaining indefinite growth. Bacteria-free culture has not been established, however, due to the extreme sensitivity of the worm to antibioties. A comparison of the feeding habits of C. macrolaimoides with Rhabditis marina, another marine nematode fed the same potential food organisms is made, and the influence of selective feeding on the spatial and temporal distribution of marine nematodes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345045
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