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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival of sulfate-reducing bacteria after oxygen stress, and growth in sulfate-free oxygen-sulfide gradients (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 31 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The survival after oxygen stress was studied with eight species of sulfate-reducing bacteria. In the absence of sulfide all species tolerated 6 min of aeration without loss of viability. Even after 3 h of aeration the viability of four species (Desulfovibrio vulgaris, D. desulfuricans, D. salexigens and Desulfobacter postgatei) was not impaired. Four other species were sensitive to 3 h of aeration: the surviving fractions of Desulfotomaculum ruminis, D. nigrificans and Desulfococcus multivorans were about 1%, that of Desulfotomaculum orientis about 0.01%. Formation of spores resulted in oxygen resistance of D. orientis. Reducing agents did not protect the vegetative cells of this strain against oxygen toxicity. In contrast, sulfhydryl group-containing agents increased the oxygen sensitivity considerably.Growth of sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria in oxygen-sulfide gradients in agar tubes was studied. In the gradients these strictly anaerobic bacteria revealed oxygen-dependent growth in sulfate- and sulfur-free medium. Three sulfate-reducing bacteria that could not use thiosulfate or sulfur as electron acceptor failed to grow in oxygen-sulfide gradients. Obviously, not directly molecular oxygen, but oxidation products of sulfide, such as thiosulfate or sulfur, were used as electron acceptors and were continuously regenerated in a cycling process from sulfide by autoxidation. The conceivable ecological significance of a short sulfur cycle driven by autoxidation of sulfide is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01129.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fixation of molecular nitrogen by Methanosarcina barkeri (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 31 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methanosarcina barkeri cells were observed in ammonia-free anaerobic acetate enrichments for sulfate-reducing bacteria. The capacity of Methanosarcina to grow diazotrophically was proved with a pure culture in mineral media with methanol. The cell yields with N2 or NH4+ ions as nitrogen source were 2.2 g and 6.1 g dry weight, respectively, per mol of methanol. Growth experiments with 15N2 revealed that 84% of the cell nitrogen was derived from N2. Acetylene was highly toxic to Methanosarcina and only reduced at concentrations lower than 100 μmol dissolved per 1 of medium. Assimilation of N2 and reduction of acetylene were inhibited by NH4+ ions. The experiments show that N2 fixation occurs not only in eubacteria but also in archaebacteria. The ecological significance of diazotrophic growth of Methanosarcina is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01130.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corroding iron as a hydrogen source for sulphate reduction in growing cultures of sulphate-reducing bacteria (1986)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 25 (1986), S. 169-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary In anaerobic corrosion experiments, hydrogenase-positiveDesulfovibrio strains, grown with limiting lactate concentrations in the presence of steel wool, formed more sulphide than expected or observed with lactate alone. The additional sulphide obviously originated from sulphate reduction with cathodically formed hydrogen from the steel surface. The hydrogenasenegativeD. sapovorans did not produce additional sulphide. The observations agree with the theory of von Wolzogen Kühr and van der Vlugt (1934) that explains anaerobic corrosion as a cathodic depolarization of iron surfaces by hydrogen-consuming sulphate-reducing bacteria. The influence of the iron surface area, the salt concentration and the pH-value on the utilization of cathodically formed hydrogen was investigated. The significance of an additional organic electron donor for the corrosion of iron in aqueous environments is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01982842
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corroding iron as a hydrogen source for sulphate reduction in growing cultures of sulphate-reducing bacteria (1986)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 25 (1986), S. 169-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary In anaerobic corrosion experiments, hydrogenase-positiveDesulfovibrio strains, grown with limiting lactate concentrations in the presence of steel wool, formed more sulphide than expected or observed with lactate alone. The additional sulphide obviously originated from sulphate reduction with cathodically formed hydrogen from the steel surface. The hydrogenasenegativeD. sapovorans did not produce additional sulphide. The observations agree with the theory of von Wolzogen Kühr and van der Vlugt (1934) that explains anaerobic corrosion as a cathodic depolarization of iron surfaces by hydrogen-consuming sulphate-reducing bacteria. The influence of the iron surface area, the salt concentration and the pH-value on the utilization of cathodically formed hydrogen was investigated. The significance of an additional organic electron donor for the corrosion of iron in aqueous environments is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00938942
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth with hydrogen, and further physiological characteristics of Desulfotomaculum species (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1985), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Desulfotomaculum ; Sulfate reduction ; Autotrophic growth ; Carbon dioxide reduction to acetate ; Hydrogen ; Carbon monoxide ; Methanol ; Fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth of Desulfotomaculum orientis, D. ruminis, D. nigrificans and the Desulfotomaculum strains TEP, TWC and TWP, that were newly isolated with sulfate and fatty acids, was studied using defined mineral media. Four of these strains grew with hydrogen plus sulfate as the only energy source. Under these conditions the growth yield of D. orientis in batch culture was 7.5 g cell dry mass per mol sulfate reduced. Growth on methanol with growth yields of about 6 g cell dry mass per mol sulfate was obtained with D. orientis and strain TEP. All strains tested grew slowly with formate as electron donor. Fatty acids from propionate to palmitate were utilized by the strains TEP, TWC and TWP. D. orientis and the strains TEP and TWC were able to utilize the methoxyl groups of trimethoxybenzoate for growth. D. orientis was found to grow chemoautotrophically with hydrogen, carbon dioxide and sulfate; during growth with C1-compounds no additional organic carbon source was required. Furthermore, D. orientis was able to grow slowly in sulfate-free medium with formate, methanol, ethanol lactate, pyruvate or trimethoxybenzoate. Under these conditions acetate was excreted, indicating the function of carbon dioxide as electron acceptor in a homoacetogenic process. A growth-promoting effect of pyrophosphate added to the medium of Desulfotomaculum species was not observed. The results show a high catabolic and anabolic versatility among Desulfotomaculum species, and indicate that electron transport to sulfate can be the sole energy conserving process in this genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411048
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An extremely thermophilic Methanococcus from a deep sea hydrothermal vent and its plasmid (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 150 (1988), S. 178-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thermophilic Methanocoecus ; Deep sea hydrothermal vent methanogen ; Plasmids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An extremely thermophilic methanogen was isolated from a hydrothermal vent core sample from Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, at a depth of 2003 m. The isolate, designated strain AG86, was a coccoid autotroph using H2-CO2 as energy and carbon source with a growth temperature range of 48 to 92°C, optimum, 85°C. AG86 required NaCl and Mg2+ and trace amounts of selenite and tungstate. Vitamins were not required. However, yeast extract, Casamino acids and Trypticase stimulated growth significantly. When grown in the presence of these stimulants and at the optimal growth temperature and pH 6.5, the minimum doubling time was 20 min. Cells were fragile and readily lysed by detergents. The mol% G+C was 33%. These results and partial 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that AG86 belonged to the genus Methanococcus and closely resembled Methanococcus jannaschii. Tests for extrachromosomal DNA revealed a plasmid in AG86 and two plasmids in M. jannaschii. Different patterns were obtained from restriction endonuclease digestion of the three plasmids, and no homology was observed with DNA-DNA hybridization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425159
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of ethanol by methanogenic bacteria (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 152 (1989), S. 479-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanogenic bacteria ; Alcohols ; Alcohol dehydrogenase ; Ethanol ; Acetaldehyde ; Acetate ; NADP ; Factor F420 ; Methanogenium organophilum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methanogenium organophilum, a non-autotrophic methanogen able to use primary and secondary alcohols as hydrogen donors, was grown on ethanol. Per mol of methane formed, 2 mol of ethanol were oxidized to acetate. In crude extract, an NADP+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) with a pH optimum of about 10.0 catalyzed a rapid (5 μmol/min·mg protein; 22°C) oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde; after prolonged incubation also acetate was detectable. With NAD+ only 2% of the activity was observed. F420 was not reduced. The crude extract also contained F420: NADP+ oxidoreductase (0.45 μmol/min·mg protein) that was not active at the pH optimum of ADH. With added acetaldehyde no net reduction of various electron acceptors was measured. However, the acetaldehyde was dismutated to ethanol and acetate by the crude extract. The dismutation was stimulated by NADP+. These findings suggested that not only the dehydrogenation of alcohol but also of aldehyde to acid was coupled to NADP+ reduction. If the reaction was started with acetaldehyde, formed NADPH probably reduced excess aldehyde immediately to ethanol and in this way gave rise to the observed dismutation. Acetate thiokinase activity (0.11 μmol/min·mg) but no acetate kinase or phosphotransacetylase activity was observed. It is concluded that during growth on ethanol further oxidation of acetaldehyde does not occur via acetylCoA and acetyl phosphate and hence is not associated with substrate level phosphorylation. The possibility exists that oxidation of both ethanol and acetaldehyde is catalyzed by ADH. Isolation of a Methanobacterium-like strain with ethanol showed that the ability to use primary alcohols also occurs in genera other than Methanogenium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446933
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