Note: Cover -- Strategic environmental assessment -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- 1. The changing context of environmental impact assessment -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The current state of environmental impact assessment -- 1.3 The need for strategic environmental assessment -- 1.4 Trends in approaches to environmental issues: links with strategic environmental assessment -- 1.5 Conclusions -- Notes -- 2. Strategic environmental assessment and policy appraisal -- 2.1 Strategic environmental assessment in UK policy-making -- 2.2 Strategic environmental assessment as policy appraisal -- 2.3 The tiered approach to environmental impact assessment -- 2.4 Concepts in policy appraisal -- 2.5 Problems with strategic environmental assessment -- 3. Existing and proposed systems of strategic environmental assessment -- 3.1 United States -- 3.2 European Community -- 3.3 Netherlands -- 3.4 United Kingdom -- 3.5 Other countries -- 3.6 International moves towards the implementation of strategic environmental assessment -- 3.7 Trends in systems of strategic environmental assessment -- Notes -- 4. Coastal zones -- 4.1 The importance of coastal zones -- 4.2 Threats to coastal zones -- 4.3 Policies regarding coastal zones -- 4.4 EIAs of projects affecting coastal zones -- 4.5 The need for strategic environmental assessment -- 5. Energy sector -- 5.1 The importance of the energy sector -- 5.2 National policy -- 5.3 Case studies of the energy sector -- 5.4 EIAs of energy-related projects -- 5.5 The need for strategic environmental assessment -- 6. Lowland heath -- 6.1 The importance of lowland heath -- 6.2 Threats to lowland heath -- 6.3 Policies regarding lowland heath -- 6.4 EIAs of projects affecting lowland heath -- 6.5 Application of SEA -- 7. Strategic environmental assessment and global futures. , 7.1 A sustainability-led approach to strategic environmental assessment -- 7.2 Issues and problems with the sustainability-led approach to strategic environmental assessment -- 7.3 Strategic environmental assessment in the future -- Appendix A. Extracts from EC directive 85/337 -- A.1 Projects requiring EIA -- A.2 Content of EIA -- Appendix B. Critique of the proposed EC directive on SEA, Policy Appraisal and the Environment, and Planning Policy Guidance Note 12 -- B.1 Proposed EC directive on SEA -- B.2 Policy Appraisal and the Environment -- B.3 Planning Policy Guidance Note 12 -- Appendix C. Possible methodologies for strategic environmental assessment -- C.1 Introduction and issues -- C.2 Determining the need for a strategic environmental assessment -- C.3 Establishing a work programme -- C.4 Determining the objectives of the PPP -- C.5 Defining the scope of the strategic environmental assessment -- C.6 Environmental analysis -- C.7 Establishing an environmental database -- C.8 Impact evaluation and synthesis -- C.9 Proposing recommendations and preparing an SEA report -- C.10 Monitoring and feedback -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover image -- Title page -- Table of Contents -- Copyright page -- Contents of Volume 2 -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Patterns of Development in Insect Parasites -- I Introduction -- II The Idiobiont-Koinobiont Dichotomy -- III Patterns of Parasite Development and Growth -- IV Parasite Development and Host Ecology -- V Developmental Strategies -- VI Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- Chapter 2: Games Parasites Play: The Dynamic Roles of Proteins and Peptides in the Relationship between Parasite and Host -- I Parasitism-Induced Changes: Host Responses or Parasite-Directed Host Manipulation? -- II Parasitism- and Polydnavirus-lnduced Peptides and Proteins in Insect Hosts -- III Parasitic Effects on Endogenous Proteins, Enzymes, and Peptides -- IV Comparisons with Parasitism- and Virus-Induced Changes in Other Systems -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 3: Hormonal Interactions between Insect Endoparasites and Their Host Insects -- I Introduction and Terminology -- II Hormones Controlling Insect Development: An Overview -- III Parasite Hormones Relative to Those of Their Hosts -- IV Direct or Indirect Host Endocrine Effects on Endoparasites -- V Direct or Indirect Effects of Endoparasites on Host Endocrine System -- VI Limitations -- VII Possible Solutions -- VIII Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 4: Reproductive Disturbances Induced by Parasites and Pathogens of Insects -- I Introduction -- II Microparasites -- III Nematodes -- IV Cestodes -- V Endoparasitic Insects -- VI Conclusions -- Chapter 5: Behavioral Effects of Parasites and Pathogens in Insect Hosts -- I Introduction -- II Review of Altered Behavior in Parasitized Insects -- III Potential Benefits to Parasite -- IV Potential Benefits to Host -- V Considerations for Future Research -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 6: Redirection of Host Metabolism and Effects on Parasite Nutrition. , I Introduction -- II Insect Parasitism and Host Viability -- III Altered Metabolite Levels in Host Tissues -- IV Metabolic Alteration in Insect Hosts -- V Basis for Metabolic Alterations: Hormones, Viruslike Particles, and Parasite Mediation -- VI Nutritional Consequences of Metabolic Redirection and Physiological Alteration -- VII "Host Regulation" and Its Role in Redirecting Host Metabolism and Physiology -- VIII Enantiostasis and Metabolic Regulation -- IX Conclusion -- Chapter 7: Teratocytes: Developmental and Biochemical Characteristics -- I Introduction -- II Origins -- III Distribution within Taxonomic Groups -- IV Developmental Characteristics -- V Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics -- VI Interactions of Teratocytes, Venoms, and Polydnavirus -- VII Conclusion and Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 8: The Polydnavirus Life Cycle -- I Introduction -- II Life Cycle -- III Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 9: Polydnavirus Genome Organization -- I Introduction -- II Polydnaviruses as Part of Biological Systems -- III Multipartite Genome Structure -- IV Genome Packaging -- V Intraspecific Genomic Complexity -- VI Transcription and Gene Families -- VII Polydnavirus Transmission, Integration, and Replication -- VIII Polydnavirus Evolution -- IX Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 10: Venoms of Parasitic Hymenoptera as Investigatory Tools -- I Introduction -- II Uses of Venoms in Addressing Questions in Various Scientific Fields -- III Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 11: Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Mosquito Susceptibility to Plasmodium and Filarioid Nematodes -- I Introduction -- II Immune Mechanisms in Mosquitoes -- III Genetic Control of Susceptibility/Refractoriness -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 12: Cellular Defense Responses of Insects: Unresolved Problems -- I Introduction. , II Main Events in Insect Immune Reactivity -- III Specific Problems in Insect Immunity -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 13: The Response to Foreign Tissue Transplants in Insects -- I Introduction: What Is the Significance of Studying Graft Rejection in Insects? -- II Historical Perspective -- III Mediation and Regulation of the Roach Graft Response -- IV Discussion and Conclusions: Where Do We Go from Here? -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 14: Regulation of Insect Hemolymph Phenoloxidases -- I Introduction -- II Prophenoloxidase Activation -- III Control Mechanisms of the Cascade -- IV Conclusion -- Index to Volumes 1 and 2.

Note: Front Cover -- Trap Responses of Flying Insects -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1. Light traps -- 1.1 Introduction and background -- 1.2 Basic components and design of light traps -- 1.3 Experimental studies on light trap performance -- 1.4 Moonlight and light trap performance -- 1.5 Use of additional sampling methods to interpret light trap data -- Chapter 2. Suction traps -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Rothamsted insect survey 12 in suction trap -- 2.3 The Rothamsted suction trap: trap performance and insect reaction -- 2.4 Suction traps for mosquitoes -- 2.5 Suction trap experiments with blackflies (Simulium) -- 2.6 Remote sensing devices to check trap efficiency -- Chapter 3. Pheromone-based and sex lure traps -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Development of pheromone-based traps for the spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana -- 3.3 Pheromone research: Select examples of trapping experience -- 3.4 Behavioural impact of multi-component pheromones -- 3.5 Role of competition on trap efficiency -- 3.6 Pheromones as disruptors to sexual communication -- Chapter 4. Light traps versus pheromone traps -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Experiences in trapping the European cornborer (Ostrinia nubialis) -- 4.3 Comparison involving two different types of pheromone trap -- 4.4 Seasonal changes in reaction to the two trap types. Experiments with the w-marked cutworm (Spaelotis clandestina) -- 4.5 Comparison of blacklight trap with two types of pheromone trap for the western bean cutworm {Loxagrotis albicosta) -- 4.6 Observations on Helicoverpa armigera in India -- 4.7 Australian experiences with trap comparisons -- Chapter 5. Flight traps and interceptor traps -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Malaise traps -- 5.3 Flight traps and interceptor traps for mosquitoes -- 5.4 Window traps for bark beetles. , 5.5 Truck or vehicle-mounted traps -- 5.6 Tow nets -- Chapter 6. Plant pest responses to visual and olfactory 'sticky' traps -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Response to colour and coloured sticky surfaces -- 6.3 Responses to two- and three-dimensional sticky traps -- 6.4 Traps based primarily on synthetic chemical attractants for males -- Chapter 7. Responses of blood-sucking flies to visual traps -- 7.1 Introduction to 'animal-model' traps -- 7.2 Silhouette traps for blackflies (Simulium) -- 7.3 Tsetse fly response to visual traps -- 7.4 The Manitoba horse-fly trap, three-dimensional silhouette -- 7.5 Impact of background on visual traps -- 7.6 Visual responses of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, and allied muscids to traps -- 7.7 Mosquito reaction to visual targets and traps -- Chapter 8. Animal-baited traps and animal odours -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The drop net or falling cage -- 8.3 Automatic trapping of insects attracted to live bait -- 8.4 Trapping based on odour responses of tsetse flies -- 8.5 Wind tunnel experiments on effect of CO2 and other odour components on Stomoxys -- 8.6 Odour responses of blackflies (Simulium) -- Chapter 9. Attraction of blowflies and their allies to carrion-based traps -- 9.1 Introduction: The Australian sheep blowfly {Lucilia cuprina) and the American screwworm fly (Cochliomyia spp) -- 9.2 The Australian sheep blowfly -- 9.3 Trapping bushfly Musca vetustissima -- 9.4 Screwworm flies -- References -- Index.

Note: BOOK COVER -- HALF-TITLE -- TITLE -- COPYRIGHT -- DEDICATION -- CONTENTS -- FIGURES -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- 1 THE RECEIVED VIEW -- THE NEWTONIAN HERITAGE -- Newton's experimentum crucis -- The Newtonian conception of colour -- PRIMARY AND SECONDARY QUALITIES -- THE PROBLEM-SPACE OF THE RECEIVED VIEW -- 2 COLOUR VISION: RECENT THEORIES AND RESULTS -- APPROACHES TO COLOUR VISION -- Psychophysics and physiology -- Computational vision -- THE PHENOMENAL STRUCTURE OF COLOUR -- PHYSIOLOGY AND PSYCHOPHYSICS -- Visual pigments, photoreceptors, and additive colour mixture -- Postreceptoral mechanisms and opponent processes -- Psychophysical issues about the postreceptoral channels -- Physiological issues about the postreceptoral channels -- Cortical connections -- COMPUTATIONAL COLOUR VISION -- Colour constancy and the 'natural image' -- Global computations and lightness -- Criticisms of the retinex theory -- The linear models framework (LMF) -- Spatial segmentation -- Summary -- LEVELS OF EXPLANATION AND COLOUR SPACE -- Levels of explanation -- Colour space: a resume -- The case of colour constancy -- 3 NATURALISTIC ONTOLOGIES -- EXPLANATION AND DESCRIPTIVE VOCABULARIES -- COMPUTATIONAL OBJECTIVISM -- Colour and wavelength -- Colour and surface reflectance: anthropocentric realism -- The argument from external irreducibility -- NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL SUBJECTIVISM -- BEYOND OBJECTIVISM AND SUBJECTIVISM -- 4 THE COMPARATIVE ARGUMENT -- INTRODUCING COMPARATIVE COLOUR VISION -- COMPARATIVE COLOUR SPACES -- A bird's-eye view -- Colour hyperspaces and novel colours -- THE EVOLUTION AND ECOLOGY OF COLOUR VISION -- Molecular biology of the visual pigments and psychophysics -- Visual ecology -- THE COMPARATIVE ARGUMENT -- Computational objectivism revisited9 -- The argument from perceiver-relativity -- Neurophysiological subjectivism revisited. , 5 THE ECOLOGICAL VIEW -- THE ECOLOGICAL LEVEL -- PERCEPTION AND THE ECOLOGICAL LEVEL -- Representationism revisited -- Gibson's 'ecological approach' -- The ecological approach and computational vision -- Integrating computational vision, neuroscience, and the ecological level: an action-based paradigm -- WHERE IS COLOUR? -- 6 VISUAL EXPERIENCE AND THE ECOLOGICAL VIEW -- SENSATIONALISM -- Nagel and the subjective character of perceptual experience -- Novel colours and Jackson's knowledge argument5 -- COGNITIVISM: DENNETT'S DISQUALIFICATION OF QUALIA -- VISUAL EXPERIENCE, SCIENCE, AND THE ECOLOGICAL VIEW -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Overview -- Part I. The Entangled Bank -- 1 Specialization within Darwin's Entangled Bank -- 2 From the Entangled Bank to the Evolutionary Synthesis -- 3 Specialization and Coevolution since the Evolutionary Synthesis -- Part II. The Evolution of Specialization -- 4 Phylogeny of Specialization -- 5 Evolutionary Genetics of Specialization -- 6 Ontogeny of Specialization -- Part III. Natural Selection and the Geographic Structure of Specialization -- 7 Why Parasitism Is Special -- 8 Choosing among Multiple Victims -- 9 Coping with Multiple Enemies: The Geogrraphy of Defense -- 10 Extreme Specialization in Mutualists -- 11 Further Limitations on Specialization in Mutualisms -- Part IV. Specialization and Coevolution -- 12 Genetics of Coevolution -- 13 The Geographic Mosaic Theory of Coevolution -- 14 Diversifying Coevolution -- 15 Assymetries in Specialization and Coevolution -- 16 Pushing the Limits of Coevolution -- Synthesis: The Geographic Mosaic in Evolving Interactions -- Epilogue: Specialization, Coevolution, and Conservation -- Literature Cited -- Index.