Anmerkung: COVER -- APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY: Principles and Practice -- COPYRIGHT -- CONTENTS -- PLATES -- FIGURES -- TABLES -- CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- 1 INTRODUCTION: THE EMERGENCE OF APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY AND CLIMATE IMPACT ASSESSMENT -- INTRODUCTION: WEATHER, CLIMATE AND EVERYDAY LIFE -- THE DEVELOPMENT OF APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY -- DEFINITIONS, APPLICATIONS AND DEVELOPMENTS -- ATMOSPHERIC CONCERN AND AWARENESS -- CLIMATE IMPACT ASSESSMENT -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART 1: APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY: THE 'TOOLS' OF RESEARCH -- 2 GROUND AND REMOTELY SENSED MEASUREMENTS -- INTRODUCTION: DATA REQUIREMENTS AND SOURCES -- A COMPARISON OF OLD AND NEW INSTRUMENTATION -- THE OLD-STYLE INSTRUMENTS -- THE NEW GENERATION OF INSTRUMENTS -- REMOTE SENSING -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- INTRODUCTION: THE VALUE OF STATISTICS -- TIME SERIES ANALYSIS -- SPATIAL ANALYSIS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 4 CLIMATE MODELS -- INTRODUCTION: MODELLING THE CLIMATE SYSTEM -- GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS -- CLIMATE IMPACT MODELS -- INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT MODELS -- CLIMATE MODEL EVALUATION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 5 ATMOSPHERIC RESOURCE MANAGEMENT -- INTRODUCTION: ATMOSPHERIC RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ISSUES -- HISTORY OF ATMOSPHERIC RESOURCE MANAGEMENT -- CURRENT MANAGEMENT APPROACHES TO AIR QUALITY PROBLEMS -- INTEGRATION OF AIR ISSUES -- SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE ATMOSPHERE -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART 2: CLIMATE AND THE PHYSICAL/BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS -- 6 HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES AND WATER RESOURCES -- INTRODUCTION: CLIMATE AND THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT -- HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES -- IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE -- IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER RESOURCES -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 7 GLACIERS -- INTRODUCTION: CLIMATE AND GLACIERS -- GLACIER TYPES: PHYSICAL AND THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS. , GLACIERS: CONSTITUENT ZONES AND CLIMATE CONTROLS -- THE CONVERSION OF SNOW TO GLACIER ICE AND THE ROLE OF CLIMATE -- GLACIER MASS BALANCE AND CLIMATE CONTROLS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 8 GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS -- INTRODUCTION: CLIMATIC GEOMORPHOLOGY -- CLIMATE AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES -- CLIMATE CHANGE AND LANDFORMS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 9 SOILS -- INTRODUCTION: SOIL CLIMATE -- THE SOIL -- THE SOIL ATMOSPHERE -- SOIL CLIMATE -- CLIMATE AND SOIL GEOGRAPHY -- SOILS AND THE GREENHOUSE GASES -- EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SOILS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 10 VEGETATION -- INTRODUCTION: CLIMATE AND VEGETATION -- VEGETATION COMMUNITIES IN THE GEOLOGICAL PAST -- CLIMATE AND VEGETATION TODAY -- CLIMATE AND VEGETATION IN THE FUTURE -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 11 ANIMAL RESPONSES TO CLIMATE -- INTRODUCTION: CLIMATE AND LIFE -- ELEMENTS OF CLIMATE -- BIOCLIMATIC ZONES -- CLIMATIC INSTABILITY -- SOURCES OF ENERGY -- BIOCHEMICAL ACCLIMATIZATION -- ECTOTHERMY AND ENDOTHERMY -- THE ECTOTHERM WAY -- THE ENDOTHERM WAY -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART 3: CLIMATE AND THE CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTS -- 12 COMFORT, CLOTHING AND HEALTH -- INTRODUCTION: HUMAN ADAPTABILITY AND MICROCLIMATE MANAGEMENT -- HOMEOTHERMY AND ADAPTATION -- THE HUMAN ENERGY BALANCE -- THERMAL STRESS ESTIMATES -- THE CLOTHING ENVELOPE -- THERMAL COMFORT -- ACCLIMATIZATION -- ATMOSPHERIC IMPACTS ON PERFORMANCE AND BEHAVIOUR -- ATMOSPHERIC IMPACTS ON MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 13 TOWN PLANNING, ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING -- INTRODUCTION: CLIMATE AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -- HOT, HUMID CLIMATES -- HOT, ARID CLIMATES -- COLD CLIMATES - POLAR REGIONS -- OTHER CLIMATES -- APPLICATIONS IN URBAN PLANNING -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 14 INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE -- INTRODUCTION: CLIMATE, INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT AND COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES. , LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES -- INDUSTRY OPERATION -- CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS -- COMMERCE -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 15 TRANSPORT SYSTEMS -- INTRODUCTION: CLIMATE AND TRANSPORT SERVICES -- AIR TRANSPORT -- RAIL TRANSPORT -- ROAD TRANSPORT -- WATER TRANSPORT -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 16 AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES -- INTRODUCTION: NATURE AND RATE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE -- CLIMATIC FACTORS REGULATING CROP AND ANIMAL PRODUCTION -- RESPONSES OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS TO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES -- CROP PRODUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE -- CLIMATE AND ANIMAL PRODUCTION -- FISHERIES AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE -- PLANT AND ANIMAL BREEDING -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 17 FORESTRY -- INTRODUCTION: CLIMATE AND FORESTS -- CLIMATE AND SUSTAINABLE FORESTS -- DYNAMICAL PERCEPTIONS -- SPATIOTEMPORAL CHAOS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 18 RECREATION AND TOURISM -- INTRODUCTION: CLIMATE-LEISURE INTERACTIONS -- WEATHER AND LEISURE PARTICIPATION -- WEATHER AND CLIMATE INFORMATION FOR THE TOURIST INDUSTRY -- CLIMATE CHANGE, TOURISM AND RECREATION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 19 POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF CLIMATE -- INTRODUCTION: CLIMATE AND POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND LEGAL IMPACTS -- POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- SOCIAL ASPECTS -- LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 20 THE ENERGY SECTOR -- INTRODUCTION: CLIMATE AND ENERGY SUPPLY -- WORLD ENERGY SUPPLY -- ENERGY RESOURCES -- TRANSPORTATION OF ENERGY -- ENERGY CONVERSION -- ENERGY DEMAND -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART 4: THE CHANGING CLIMATIC ENVIRONMENTS -- 21 URBAN CLIMATES AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE -- THE NATURE OF GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE -- THE NATURE OF URBAN CLIMATES -- IMPACTS OF URBAN CLIMATES ON GEC -- IMPACTS OF GEC ON URBAN CLIMATE -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 22 AIR POLLUTION -- INTRODUCTION: DEFINITIONS AND CATEGORIZATION OF AIR POLLUTION -- GLOBAL AIR POLLUTION PROBLEMS. , CONTINENTAL-SCALE POLLUTION PROBLEMS -- URBAN AIR POLLUTION PROBLEMS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 23 CLIMATIC EXTREMES AS A HAZARD TO HUMANS -- INTRODUCTION: CLIMATIC EXTREMES, HAZARDS AND DISASTERS -- IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC DISASTERS -- REDUCING THE IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC DISASTERS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 24 CLIMATE CHANGE, HISTORY AND THE FUTURE -- INTRODUCTION: CLIMATE AND HUMAN HISTORICAL PROCESSES -- INTO THE MEDIEVAL OPTIMUM -- INTO THE LITTLE ICE AGE -- POST·1850 CLIMATIC AMELIORATION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART 5: OVERVIEW -- 25 CONCLUSIONS AND SYNTHESIS -- INTRODUCTION: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES REASSESSED -- THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CLIMATE IN THE FUNCTIONING OF THE PHYSICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTS -- CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE RESPONSES OF THE PHYSICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTS -- THE MONETARY IMPACT AND VALUE OF CLIMATE CHANGE -- CONCLUDING COMMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Strategic environmental assessment -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- 1. The changing context of environmental impact assessment -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The current state of environmental impact assessment -- 1.3 The need for strategic environmental assessment -- 1.4 Trends in approaches to environmental issues: links with strategic environmental assessment -- 1.5 Conclusions -- Notes -- 2. Strategic environmental assessment and policy appraisal -- 2.1 Strategic environmental assessment in UK policy-making -- 2.2 Strategic environmental assessment as policy appraisal -- 2.3 The tiered approach to environmental impact assessment -- 2.4 Concepts in policy appraisal -- 2.5 Problems with strategic environmental assessment -- 3. Existing and proposed systems of strategic environmental assessment -- 3.1 United States -- 3.2 European Community -- 3.3 Netherlands -- 3.4 United Kingdom -- 3.5 Other countries -- 3.6 International moves towards the implementation of strategic environmental assessment -- 3.7 Trends in systems of strategic environmental assessment -- Notes -- 4. Coastal zones -- 4.1 The importance of coastal zones -- 4.2 Threats to coastal zones -- 4.3 Policies regarding coastal zones -- 4.4 EIAs of projects affecting coastal zones -- 4.5 The need for strategic environmental assessment -- 5. Energy sector -- 5.1 The importance of the energy sector -- 5.2 National policy -- 5.3 Case studies of the energy sector -- 5.4 EIAs of energy-related projects -- 5.5 The need for strategic environmental assessment -- 6. Lowland heath -- 6.1 The importance of lowland heath -- 6.2 Threats to lowland heath -- 6.3 Policies regarding lowland heath -- 6.4 EIAs of projects affecting lowland heath -- 6.5 Application of SEA -- 7. Strategic environmental assessment and global futures. , 7.1 A sustainability-led approach to strategic environmental assessment -- 7.2 Issues and problems with the sustainability-led approach to strategic environmental assessment -- 7.3 Strategic environmental assessment in the future -- Appendix A. Extracts from EC directive 85/337 -- A.1 Projects requiring EIA -- A.2 Content of EIA -- Appendix B. Critique of the proposed EC directive on SEA, Policy Appraisal and the Environment, and Planning Policy Guidance Note 12 -- B.1 Proposed EC directive on SEA -- B.2 Policy Appraisal and the Environment -- B.3 Planning Policy Guidance Note 12 -- Appendix C. Possible methodologies for strategic environmental assessment -- C.1 Introduction and issues -- C.2 Determining the need for a strategic environmental assessment -- C.3 Establishing a work programme -- C.4 Determining the objectives of the PPP -- C.5 Defining the scope of the strategic environmental assessment -- C.6 Environmental analysis -- C.7 Establishing an environmental database -- C.8 Impact evaluation and synthesis -- C.9 Proposing recommendations and preparing an SEA report -- C.10 Monitoring and feedback -- References -- Index.

Anmerkung: Cover image -- Title page -- Table of Contents -- Copyright page -- Contents of Volume 2 -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Patterns of Development in Insect Parasites -- I Introduction -- II The Idiobiont-Koinobiont Dichotomy -- III Patterns of Parasite Development and Growth -- IV Parasite Development and Host Ecology -- V Developmental Strategies -- VI Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- Chapter 2: Games Parasites Play: The Dynamic Roles of Proteins and Peptides in the Relationship between Parasite and Host -- I Parasitism-Induced Changes: Host Responses or Parasite-Directed Host Manipulation? -- II Parasitism- and Polydnavirus-lnduced Peptides and Proteins in Insect Hosts -- III Parasitic Effects on Endogenous Proteins, Enzymes, and Peptides -- IV Comparisons with Parasitism- and Virus-Induced Changes in Other Systems -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 3: Hormonal Interactions between Insect Endoparasites and Their Host Insects -- I Introduction and Terminology -- II Hormones Controlling Insect Development: An Overview -- III Parasite Hormones Relative to Those of Their Hosts -- IV Direct or Indirect Host Endocrine Effects on Endoparasites -- V Direct or Indirect Effects of Endoparasites on Host Endocrine System -- VI Limitations -- VII Possible Solutions -- VIII Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 4: Reproductive Disturbances Induced by Parasites and Pathogens of Insects -- I Introduction -- II Microparasites -- III Nematodes -- IV Cestodes -- V Endoparasitic Insects -- VI Conclusions -- Chapter 5: Behavioral Effects of Parasites and Pathogens in Insect Hosts -- I Introduction -- II Review of Altered Behavior in Parasitized Insects -- III Potential Benefits to Parasite -- IV Potential Benefits to Host -- V Considerations for Future Research -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 6: Redirection of Host Metabolism and Effects on Parasite Nutrition. , I Introduction -- II Insect Parasitism and Host Viability -- III Altered Metabolite Levels in Host Tissues -- IV Metabolic Alteration in Insect Hosts -- V Basis for Metabolic Alterations: Hormones, Viruslike Particles, and Parasite Mediation -- VI Nutritional Consequences of Metabolic Redirection and Physiological Alteration -- VII "Host Regulation" and Its Role in Redirecting Host Metabolism and Physiology -- VIII Enantiostasis and Metabolic Regulation -- IX Conclusion -- Chapter 7: Teratocytes: Developmental and Biochemical Characteristics -- I Introduction -- II Origins -- III Distribution within Taxonomic Groups -- IV Developmental Characteristics -- V Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics -- VI Interactions of Teratocytes, Venoms, and Polydnavirus -- VII Conclusion and Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 8: The Polydnavirus Life Cycle -- I Introduction -- II Life Cycle -- III Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 9: Polydnavirus Genome Organization -- I Introduction -- II Polydnaviruses as Part of Biological Systems -- III Multipartite Genome Structure -- IV Genome Packaging -- V Intraspecific Genomic Complexity -- VI Transcription and Gene Families -- VII Polydnavirus Transmission, Integration, and Replication -- VIII Polydnavirus Evolution -- IX Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 10: Venoms of Parasitic Hymenoptera as Investigatory Tools -- I Introduction -- II Uses of Venoms in Addressing Questions in Various Scientific Fields -- III Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 11: Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Mosquito Susceptibility to Plasmodium and Filarioid Nematodes -- I Introduction -- II Immune Mechanisms in Mosquitoes -- III Genetic Control of Susceptibility/Refractoriness -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 12: Cellular Defense Responses of Insects: Unresolved Problems -- I Introduction. , II Main Events in Insect Immune Reactivity -- III Specific Problems in Insect Immunity -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 13: The Response to Foreign Tissue Transplants in Insects -- I Introduction: What Is the Significance of Studying Graft Rejection in Insects? -- II Historical Perspective -- III Mediation and Regulation of the Roach Graft Response -- IV Discussion and Conclusions: Where Do We Go from Here? -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 14: Regulation of Insect Hemolymph Phenoloxidases -- I Introduction -- II Prophenoloxidase Activation -- III Control Mechanisms of the Cascade -- IV Conclusion -- Index to Volumes 1 and 2.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Trap Responses of Flying Insects -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1. Light traps -- 1.1 Introduction and background -- 1.2 Basic components and design of light traps -- 1.3 Experimental studies on light trap performance -- 1.4 Moonlight and light trap performance -- 1.5 Use of additional sampling methods to interpret light trap data -- Chapter 2. Suction traps -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Rothamsted insect survey 12 in suction trap -- 2.3 The Rothamsted suction trap: trap performance and insect reaction -- 2.4 Suction traps for mosquitoes -- 2.5 Suction trap experiments with blackflies (Simulium) -- 2.6 Remote sensing devices to check trap efficiency -- Chapter 3. Pheromone-based and sex lure traps -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Development of pheromone-based traps for the spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana -- 3.3 Pheromone research: Select examples of trapping experience -- 3.4 Behavioural impact of multi-component pheromones -- 3.5 Role of competition on trap efficiency -- 3.6 Pheromones as disruptors to sexual communication -- Chapter 4. Light traps versus pheromone traps -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Experiences in trapping the European cornborer (Ostrinia nubialis) -- 4.3 Comparison involving two different types of pheromone trap -- 4.4 Seasonal changes in reaction to the two trap types. Experiments with the w-marked cutworm (Spaelotis clandestina) -- 4.5 Comparison of blacklight trap with two types of pheromone trap for the western bean cutworm {Loxagrotis albicosta) -- 4.6 Observations on Helicoverpa armigera in India -- 4.7 Australian experiences with trap comparisons -- Chapter 5. Flight traps and interceptor traps -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Malaise traps -- 5.3 Flight traps and interceptor traps for mosquitoes -- 5.4 Window traps for bark beetles. , 5.5 Truck or vehicle-mounted traps -- 5.6 Tow nets -- Chapter 6. Plant pest responses to visual and olfactory 'sticky' traps -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Response to colour and coloured sticky surfaces -- 6.3 Responses to two- and three-dimensional sticky traps -- 6.4 Traps based primarily on synthetic chemical attractants for males -- Chapter 7. Responses of blood-sucking flies to visual traps -- 7.1 Introduction to 'animal-model' traps -- 7.2 Silhouette traps for blackflies (Simulium) -- 7.3 Tsetse fly response to visual traps -- 7.4 The Manitoba horse-fly trap, three-dimensional silhouette -- 7.5 Impact of background on visual traps -- 7.6 Visual responses of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, and allied muscids to traps -- 7.7 Mosquito reaction to visual targets and traps -- Chapter 8. Animal-baited traps and animal odours -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The drop net or falling cage -- 8.3 Automatic trapping of insects attracted to live bait -- 8.4 Trapping based on odour responses of tsetse flies -- 8.5 Wind tunnel experiments on effect of CO2 and other odour components on Stomoxys -- 8.6 Odour responses of blackflies (Simulium) -- Chapter 9. Attraction of blowflies and their allies to carrion-based traps -- 9.1 Introduction: The Australian sheep blowfly {Lucilia cuprina) and the American screwworm fly (Cochliomyia spp) -- 9.2 The Australian sheep blowfly -- 9.3 Trapping bushfly Musca vetustissima -- 9.4 Screwworm flies -- References -- Index.

Anmerkung: Book Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents.

Anmerkung: Book Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents.

Anmerkung: BOOK COVER -- HALF-TITLE -- TITLE -- COPYRIGHT -- DEDICATION -- CONTENTS -- FIGURES -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- 1 THE RECEIVED VIEW -- THE NEWTONIAN HERITAGE -- Newton's experimentum crucis -- The Newtonian conception of colour -- PRIMARY AND SECONDARY QUALITIES -- THE PROBLEM-SPACE OF THE RECEIVED VIEW -- 2 COLOUR VISION: RECENT THEORIES AND RESULTS -- APPROACHES TO COLOUR VISION -- Psychophysics and physiology -- Computational vision -- THE PHENOMENAL STRUCTURE OF COLOUR -- PHYSIOLOGY AND PSYCHOPHYSICS -- Visual pigments, photoreceptors, and additive colour mixture -- Postreceptoral mechanisms and opponent processes -- Psychophysical issues about the postreceptoral channels -- Physiological issues about the postreceptoral channels -- Cortical connections -- COMPUTATIONAL COLOUR VISION -- Colour constancy and the 'natural image' -- Global computations and lightness -- Criticisms of the retinex theory -- The linear models framework (LMF) -- Spatial segmentation -- Summary -- LEVELS OF EXPLANATION AND COLOUR SPACE -- Levels of explanation -- Colour space: a resume -- The case of colour constancy -- 3 NATURALISTIC ONTOLOGIES -- EXPLANATION AND DESCRIPTIVE VOCABULARIES -- COMPUTATIONAL OBJECTIVISM -- Colour and wavelength -- Colour and surface reflectance: anthropocentric realism -- The argument from external irreducibility -- NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL SUBJECTIVISM -- BEYOND OBJECTIVISM AND SUBJECTIVISM -- 4 THE COMPARATIVE ARGUMENT -- INTRODUCING COMPARATIVE COLOUR VISION -- COMPARATIVE COLOUR SPACES -- A bird's-eye view -- Colour hyperspaces and novel colours -- THE EVOLUTION AND ECOLOGY OF COLOUR VISION -- Molecular biology of the visual pigments and psychophysics -- Visual ecology -- THE COMPARATIVE ARGUMENT -- Computational objectivism revisited9 -- The argument from perceiver-relativity -- Neurophysiological subjectivism revisited. , 5 THE ECOLOGICAL VIEW -- THE ECOLOGICAL LEVEL -- PERCEPTION AND THE ECOLOGICAL LEVEL -- Representationism revisited -- Gibson's 'ecological approach' -- The ecological approach and computational vision -- Integrating computational vision, neuroscience, and the ecological level: an action-based paradigm -- WHERE IS COLOUR? -- 6 VISUAL EXPERIENCE AND THE ECOLOGICAL VIEW -- SENSATIONALISM -- Nagel and the subjective character of perceptual experience -- Novel colours and Jackson's knowledge argument5 -- COGNITIVISM: DENNETT'S DISQUALIFICATION OF QUALIA -- VISUAL EXPERIENCE, SCIENCE, AND THE ECOLOGICAL VIEW -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Water Use, Management, and Planning in the United States -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. The Physical System -- Early Ideas about Hydrology -- Water Measurement -- The Hydrologic Cycle -- Water Balance -- Climate Change -- Chapter 2. A History of Water Development in the United States -- 1800-1900: A Time of Resource Exploitation -- 1900-1921 : The Progressive Period -- 1921-1933: Post-World War I -- 1933-1943: The New Deal -- 1943-1960: Congressional Control of Water Resource Activities -- 1960-1980: The Environmental Period -- 1980 to the Present: A Time of Changing Focus -- Chapter 3. Water Quantity Law: The Legal System -- How Laws Are Made -- The Purpose of Law -- State Law: Surface Water -- State Law: Groundwater -- Federal Law -- Transboundary Water Resources -- Chapter 4. Water Use in the United States -- Water Availability: An International View -- A Comment on Water-Use Estimates -- Water Supply and Demand: National View -- Water Supply and Demand: Regional View -- Geographic Information Systems (GIS) -- Chapter 5. Economis and Water Resources -- Price Theory: Supply and Demand -- Welfare Economics -- Cost-Benefit Analysis -- Resource and Environmental Economics -- Chapter 6. Water Demand and Supply: Management and Planning -- Water Demand -- Water Supply -- Planning and Decision Making -- Chapter 7. Offstream Water Use: Urban and Agricultural Uses -- Urban Water Systems -- Irrigation -- Chapter 8. Instream Water Use: Hydroelectric Power and Recreation -- Hydropower -- Water for Recreation -- Environmental Values and Instream Flows -- Chapter 9. Water Quality and Ecosystem Health -- The Water Molecule -- Categories of Pollutants -- Water Quality Management -- The Quality of Our Nation's Water -- The Watershed Approach to Water Quality -- Ecosystems and Water Quality. , Chapter 10. Floods and Droughts -- The Human-Ecological Model of Hazards -- Floods -- Drought -- Appendix 1: Unit Conversions and Equivalents -- Appendix 2: Sources of Water-Related Information -- Appendix 3: Investment and Discount Factors -- Bibliography -- Index.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1- Introduction -- Evolution of Quaternary climate -- Magnetic contributors to sediments, soils, dusts and organic tissues -- A tool kit for the environmental magnetist -- Magnetic parameters -- Instrumentation -- Measurement techniques -- Magnetic units -- Magnetic properties of natural crystals -- Magnetic discrimination -- Magnetic modelling -- Magnetic investigations in Quaternary contexts -- References -- 2- The North Atlantic as a Quaternary magnetic archive -- Introduction -- Magnetism and climate in the North Atlantic -- Heinrich layers -- Mechanisms for generating Heinrich events -- The relationship between Heinrich layers and climate -- Heinrich layers and sediment sources -- Magnetic signatures of Heinrich layers -- Proximal sedimentation: the magnetic signature of Heinrich layers from the Labrador Sea -- Geographic variation in magnetic properties and the signature of Heinrich events -- Conclusions -- References -- 3- Palaeomonsoons I: the magnetic record of palaeoclimate in the terrestrial loess and palaeosol sequences -- Introduction -- The East Asian summer and winter monsoons -- Sources of the loess? -- Chronology of the Chinese loess and soil sequences -- The magnetic properties of the Chinese loess-soil sequences -- Morphology and source of the loess/soil magnetic minerals. -- The present day connection between climate and soil magnetism -- Palaeoclimate from palaeosusceptibility -- Soil chronofunctions -- Palaeoclimate reconstructions -- Other approaches to palaeoclimatic reconstruction from the Chinese loess and soils. -- Alternative views -- Magnetism-palaeosol relationships in other parts of the world -- Future prospects -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 4- Palaeomonsoons II: magnetic records of aeolian dust in Quaternary sediments of the Indian Ocean -- Introduction -- Palaeowinds from dust records in deep-sea sediments -- Central North Atlantic -- Aeolian flux to the north-west and central Pacific -- Magnetic susceptibility as a record of aeolian dust in Indian Ocean sediments -- Paramagnetic/diamagnetic contributions to magnetic susceptibility -- Zone 1 (0-1.7 m) -- Zone 2 (1.7 m-~7 m) -- Zone 3 (7-10.5 m) -- Zone 4 (10.5-~22 m) -- Zone 5 (~22-90 m) -- Magnetic mineralogy from magnetic extracts -- Mineralogy of the magnetic extracts -- Magnetic mineralogy of magnetic zones 1-5 -- Source of the paramagnetic susceptibility signal -- Source of the Owen Ridge magnetic susceptibility signal -- Summary -- Future prospects -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5- Bacterial magnetite and the Quaternary climate record -- Introduction -- Ecology and physiology of magnetogenic bacteria -- Magnetotactic bacteria -- Dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria -- Ecology -- Identification of bacterial magnetosomes in Quaternary sediments and soils -- Magnetic identification -- Identification of bacterial magnetite by microscopy -- Bacterial magnetite in Quaternary sediments -- Marine sediments -- Conclusions: bacterial magnetite and the Quaternary climate record -- References -- 6- Incidence and significance of magnetic iron sulphides in Quaternary sediments and soils -- Introduction -- The structural properties of the iron-sulphide system -- Physical structures and low temperature phase fields -- Magnetic properties of the ferrimagnetic iron sulphides -- Greigite -- Monoclinic pyrrhotite -- Occurrences of ferrimagnetic iron sulphides in freshwater sediments and terrestrial environments -- Palaeosalinity in the Baltic -- Iron sulphides in marine sediments. , Chemical remanent magnetizations carried by iron sulphides: magnetostratigraphic conundrums -- Self-reversal of iron sulphides -- The future -- Methods -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7- Holocene environmental change from magnetic proxies in lake sediments -- Introduction -- Lough Neagh revisited -- Sources of magnetic minerals in lake sediments -- Holocene susceptibility trends -- Long term decreasing or stationary trend -- Long term increasing trend -- Recent records -- Detrital records -- Dilution effects -- Particle-size -- Sediment sources -- Mixing models -- Core correlation and sediment loads -- Magnetic properties as records of diagenesis or authigenesis. -- Magnetic proxies of climate change through glacial-interglacial cycles -- Records of atmospheric deposition -- Fire histories and tephra deposits -- Pollution records -- Final comments -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8- Magnetic monitoring of air-, land- and water-pollution -- Introduction -- Atmospheric pollutants -- Heavy metals in fly-ashes -- Magnetic minerals associated with atmospheric particulates -- Magnetic properties of coal-fired airborne particles -- Magnetic minerals, heavy metals and road traffic -- Magnetic airborne particles and identification of pollution sources -- Occupational exposure -- Magnetic mapping of atmospheric deposition of pollution -- Soil magnetometry and anthropogenic pollution -- Magnetic measurements on miscellaneous carriers of airborne particles -- Magnetic properties and pollution of fluvial and marine sediments -- Miscellaneous ('non-industrial pollution') -- Extraterrestrial versus volcanic magnetite -- Eolian sedimentation and iron contribution to aerosols -- Coupling between magnetic minerals and heavy metals -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 9- Environmental factors affecting geomagnetic field palaeointensity estimates from sediments -- Introduction -- Sediment palaeointensity normalization techniques -- Holocene palaeointensity estimates -- Late Pleistocene palaeointensity estimates -- Brunhes palaeointensity estimates -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- 10- Magnetic cyclostratigraphy: high-resolution dating in and beyond the Quaternary and analysis of periodic changes in… -- Introduction -- Orbital cycles and astronomical time-scales -- The orbital cycles -- A breakthrough in geological dating: astronomical time-scales for the late Neogene -- Cyclicity and diagenesis within the marine sedimentary environment -- Cyclic variations in diagenetic conditions -- Sapropels -- Bed-to-bed, marine-continental correlations -- The early Pliocene Ptolemais formation -- Synthesis: conclusions and outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Index.