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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A scalar variational method for resonant modes of oxide-apertured vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 10-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A scalar variational method for calculating the mode sizes and resonant wavelengths of the eigenmodes in oxide-apertured vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers is presented. This method uses Hermite–Gaussian (TEMmp) functions to approximate the transverse-field variations of the eigenmodes. It is applicable to devices with circular, square, or rectangular apertures. Calculated results for the four lowest-order modes show that aperture size, thickness, and axial position are important factors in determining the blueshift in resonant wavelengths, wavelength separation between eigenmodes, and mode sizes. When the geometric symmetry is broken, as in rectangular-apertured devices, the degeneracy between the TEM01 and TEM10 is also lifted. For validation of the model presented, three vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structures with different oxide thicknesses were grown and fabricated for this study. The resonant wavelength characteristics of near-square and rectangular devices were assessed. The theoretical results are found to agree well with the experimental observations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371819
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of a health-related quality of life questionnaire for women with androgenetic alopecia (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 25 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Despite the negative effects of androgenetic alopecia (AGA), no standardized health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire which is both specific to women and suitable for use in clinical trials currently exists. A questionnaire to assess HRQOL in women with AGA, the Women's Androgenetic Alopecia Quality of Life Questionnaire (WAA-QOL), was recently developed. Aspects of life affected by AGA were generated from literature review, discussion with experts, and a focus group. The number of issues identified was reduced based on importance and relevance to women with AGA. A questionnaire was then constructed and pilot-tested for comprehension. The resulting 25-item instrument was later included in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of finasteride 1 mg for the treatment of hair thinning in postmenopausal women (n = 137). Based on test characteristics, several questions were eliminated, resulting in a 16-item questionnaire. The WAA-QOL exhibited excellent test–retest reliability overall (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.89), and for individual items (κ = 0.66–0.85), as well as high internal consistency (Crohnbach's α = 0.98). Responsiveness of the questionnaire could not be assessed. The WAA-QOL is self-completed in about 10 min, exhibits good content validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability, and may be useful in assessing the impact of female AGA on HRQOL or in evaluating therapeutic effects in clinical trials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2000.00726.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Utilization of Dried Apple Pomace as a Press Aid to Improve the Quality of Strawberry, Raspberry, and Blueberry Juices (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: : We analyzed the effects of press aids on strawberry, raspberry, and blueberry juice quality and evaluated the effectiveness of dried apple pomace as an alternative press aid. Juice yields with apple pomace were similar to the yields from using rice hulls and paper. Triangle difference tests showed that there were differences between the berry juices pressed with conventional press aid to the berry juices pressed with apple pomace press aid, and paired comparison preference tests showed that the berry juices pressed with apple pomace were preferred. Flavor analysis using gas chromatography-olfactometry indicated possible off-flavors being extracted from rice hulls, such as indole and 4-vinylguaical, and from paper, such as (Z)-2-octenal and 2-nonenal, into the berry juices.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb06361.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Towards improved ground models for slope instability evaluations through better characterization of sediment-hosted gas-hydrates (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 14 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Recently developed effective stress-controlled geophysical property models are used in passive-margin slope instability analyses including simulated earthquake motion. The pressure–temperature (P–T) history of sediment-hosted gas hydrate may significantly alter the geophysical property profile of the sediment column (e.g. metastable cement or increased pore pressures). This can result in significant amplification of earthquake ground motion, and thus seabed instability, where hydrates are present. Published studies suggest destabilization of these high-pressure/low-temperature sediment-hosted hydrates could trigger catastrophic slope failures with consequent liberation of ‘greenhouse’ gases and significant effects on global climate. To provide improved ground models for slope instability analyses we are investigating the influence of P–T history on hydrate distribution in sediments through the development of laboratory techniques to enable geophysical quantification of hydrate morphology and fabric on hydrate stability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00451.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High speed laser shadowgraphy for electromagnetically driven cylindrical implosions (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 3230-3236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A laser shadowgraphy system for high-speed imaging of a convergent cylindrical shockwave generated by an electromagnetically driven solid density liner implosion in Lucite is described. The laser shadowgraphy system utilizes an advanced high-energy, long-pulse, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser for target illumination and a fast framing camera for multiple frame imaging of the shockwave as it radially converges and transits the Lucite. The time window resolution is 10 ns as determined by the fastest exposure time capable with the camera. Two on-axis symmetric implosions and two off-axis asymmetric implosion experiments were fielded at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Shiva Star 4.2 MJ capacitor bank z-pinch facility. For each experimental shot, the shadowgraphy system captured several frames of shadowgraph images as the shockwave moved through the Lucite. Analysis of the shockwave shadowgraph image shapes is done by fitting each shadowgraph image to a generic elliptical fit function and plotting the resultant two-dimensional image fits for comparison. For the on-axis symmetric implosion shots, a radial trajectory plot is extracted and a radial shock velocity is calculated. The Lucite shock speed is seen to increase monotonically from an initial velocity of 7.9 mm/μs to a near final velocity of 13.4 mm/μs as convergence effects dominate the shock speed calculated at small radii. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1386908
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Does an antagonistic relationship between ABA and ethylene mediate shoot growth when tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants encounter compacted soil? (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: This study tested the hypothesis that antagonistic interactions between abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene mediate the effects of soil compaction on shoot growth. Isogenic wild-type (Ailsa Craig), ABA-deficient (notabilis) and a transgenic (ACO1AS) tomato genotype with a reduced capacity to synthesize ethylene were examined. Exogenous ABA was also applied. Leaf area was comparable when Ailsa Craig and ACO1AS were grown in uncompacted (1·1 g cm−3) or compacted (1·5 g cm−3) soil, but was lower in notabilis. However, a 1·1/1·5 g cm−3 split-pot treatment invoked marked genotypic differences, whereby leaf area was comparable to 1·1 g cm−3 control plants in ACO1AS but was intermediate between the 1·1 and 1·5 g cm−3 treatments in Ailsa Craig and notabilis. ABA may be discounted as the root-sourced signal responsible for reducing leaf area when the roots encountered compacted soil as Ailsa Craig and ACO1AS showed differing responses despite similar increases in xylem sap ABA concentration; leaf area was invariably lower in notabilis. These genotypic differences were correlated with ethylene evolution; thus the greater leaf area in ACO1AS was associated with its reduced ability to synthesize ethylene, whereas the reductions in leaf expansion observed when Ailsa Craig and notabilis encountered compacted soil were accompanied by increased ethylene production. Application of ABA had little effect on ACO1AS, but promoted a recovery of leaf expansion in notabilis, and more surprisingly in Ailsa Craig. These results suggest that antagonistic interactions between ABA and ethylene may regulate leaf expansion when the root system simultaneously encounters uncompacted and compacted soil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00639.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High level of mGluR7 in the presynaptic active zones of select populations of GABAergic terminals innervating interneurons in the rat hippocampus (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The release of neurotransmitters is modulated by presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which show a highly selective expression and subcellular location in glutamatergic terminals in the hippocampus. Using immunocytochemistry, we investigated whether one of the receptors, mGluR7, whose level of expression is governed by the postsynaptic target, was present in GABAergic terminals and whether such terminals targeted particular cells. A total of 165 interneuron dendritic profiles receiving 466 synapses (82% mGluR7a-positive) were analysed. The presynaptic active zones of most GAD-(77%) or GABA-positive (94%) synaptic boutons on interneurons innervated by mGluR7a-enriched glutamatergic terminals (mGluR7a-decorated) were immunopositive for mGluR7a. GABAergic terminals on pyramidal cells and most other interneurons in str. oriens were mGluR7a-immunonegative. The mGluR7a-decorated cells were mostly somatostatin- and mGluR1α-immunopositive neurons in str. oriens and the alveus. Their GABAergic input mainly originated from VIP-positive terminals, 90% of which expressed high levels of mGluR7a in the presynaptic active zone. Parvalbumin-positive synaptic terminals were rare on mGluR7a-decorated cells, but on these neurons 73% of them were mGluR7a-immunopositive. Some type II synapses innervating interneurons were immunopositive for mGluR7b, as were some type I synapses. Because not all target cells of VIP-positive neurons are known it has not been possible to determine whether mGluR7 is expressed in a target-cell-specific manner in the terminals of single GABAergic cells. The activation of mGluR7 may decrease GABA release to mGluR7-decorated cells at times of high pyramidal cell activity, which elevates extracellular glutamate levels. Alternatively, the presynaptic receptor may be activated by as yet unidentified endogenous ligands released by the GABAergic terminals or the postsynaptic dendrites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02697.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An archaeal XPF repair endonuclease dependent on a heterotrimeric PCNA (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 48 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Archaea share many similarities with eukarya in their information processing pathways and have proven to be a useful model for studies of DNA replication and transcription, but DNA repair pathways are not well understood in archaea. Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) deals with many bulky DNA lesions and involves over 30 proteins in eukarya. Archaeal NER has not been characterized biochemically, but homologues of the human repair nucleases XPF and XPG have been identified by homology searches. Crenarchaeal XPF proteins have a simplified domain structure, consisting of the C-terminal nuclease domain conserved   in   XPF   and   Mus81   but   lacking   the   N-terminal ‘helicase’ domain that is found in eukaryal and euryarchaeal sequences. Unexpectedly, Sulfolobus XPF is only active in the presence of the sliding clamp PCNA, which is a heterotrimer in this organism. Interactions with two of the three subunits of PCNA are mediated via a C-terminal interaction motif. The PCNA-XPF complex acts as a structure-specific nuclease on a similar range of DNA flap, bubble and junction substrates as the human protein, suggesting a fundamental conservation through billions of years of evolution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03444.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reproductive characteristics of female longnose dace in the Coweeta Creek drainage, North Carolina, USA (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Ecology of freshwater fish 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract – We examined the reproductive characteristics of 38 female longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) from one of the southernmost populations of this species during two sampling periods in 1999 (ES=March 1999, LS=June 1999). Our data indicated that ES fish had not spawned, whereas LS fish had begun spawning. The smallest mature female captured was 56 mm SL (age 1+). Mean potential fecundity differed significantly between ES (mean±1 SD=1832±572 oocytes) and LS (mean±1 SD=775±415 oocytes) specimens. Potential fecundity was positively correlated with both standard length and somatic mass for both ES and LS specimens. Oocyte diameter frequency histograms indicated that ES specimens possessed two modes of oocytes, whereas LS fish contained two or three modes. Female longnose dace appeared to spawn more than once during a reproductive season. Oocyte number varied substantially both among individuals within periods and between periods. The number of Mode II oocytes in ES fish was positively correlated with both length and somatic mass. Female longnose dace appeared potentially capable of spawning 6+ clutches per year. GSI values for longnose dace ranged from a high of 21.4% (LS specimen) to 2.4% (ES specimen). Regression analysis demonstrated that there was no evidence of differential reproductive effort between longnose dace of different size in this population./〉
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0633.2001.100308.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Finasteride increases anagen hair in men with androgenetic alopecia (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background The growth of scalp hair is a cyclical process of successive phases of growth (anagen) and rest (telogen). In previous clinical trials in men with androgenetic alopecia, treatment with finasteride increased scalp hair counts in a defined area (i.e. increased hair density). Objectives The current study used a phototrichogram methodology to assess the effect of finasteride on the phases of the hair growth cycle. Patients/Methods Two hundred and twelve men, age 18–40 years, with androgenetic alopecia were randomized to receive finasteride 1 mg daily or placebo for 48 weeks. At baseline and at 24 and 48 weeks, macrophotographs were taken to measure total and anagen hair count in a 1-cm2 target area of the scalp. Results At baseline, mean total and anagen hair counts in the finasteride group were 200 and 124 hairs, respectively (% anagen = 62%) and the anagen to telogen ratio was 1·74 (geometric mean). In the placebo group, the respective values were 196 and 119 hairs (% anagen = 60%) and 1·57. At week 48, the finasteride group had a net improvement (mean ± SE) compared with placebo in total and anagen hair counts of 17·3 ± 2·5 hairs (8·3% ± 1·4%) and 27·0 ± 2·9 hairs (26% ± 3·1%), respectively (P 〈 0·001). Furthermore, treatment with finasteride resulted in a net improvement in the anagen to telogen ratio of 47% (P 〈 0·001). In this study, treatment with finasteride 1 mg day−1 for 48 weeks increased both total and anagen hair counts, and improved the anagen to telogen ratio. Conclusions These data provide direct evidence that finasteride 1 mg daily promotes the conversion of hairs into the anagen phase. These data support that finasteride treatment results in favourable effects on hair quality that contribute to the visible improvements in hair growth observed in treated patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03780.x
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