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  • 2000-2004  (39)
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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Deep ocean ventilation through Antarctic intermediate layers (DOVETAIL) (2002)
    Oxford [u.a.] : Pergamon
    Details Availability
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: III S., S. 4711 - 4886 , zahlr. graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Deep-sea research 49,21
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    The Southern Ocean: A ventilation contributor with multiple sources (2001)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, 28(15), pp. 2927-2930, ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: The importance of deep and bottom water formed in the Southern Ocean to the ventilation of theworld ocean abyss has been accepted by the oceanographic community. Uncertainties, however,exist about rate and exact location of dense water mass sinking around Antarctica. Based on watermass analysis, the Weddell Sea in the Atlantic sector has long been identified as being the majorsource for bottom water. The contribution of the Ross Sea in the western Pacific sector, althoughwith similar if not more favorable ingredients for dense bottom water formation, seemed to be minor.Observations and recent tracer analysis indicate that the Indian-Pacific sector might host sourceswhich together can compete with their Atlantic counterpart. Our numerical model results support asplitting of the Atlantic and Indian-Pacific contributions into roughly equal parts but for bottomwaters of different density. The observationally derived formation rate for dense Antarctic BottomWater on the order of 10 Sv (1 Sv = 10^6 m^3/s) is confirmed but doubles if the lighter componentof the Indian-Pacific sector is included. This places southern and northern hemisphere sources asequal contributors to the ventilation of the world ocean.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Eisberge - Die Sirenen suedpolarer Meere (2001)
    In:  EPIC3Eiskalte Entdeckungen : Forschungsreisen zwischen Nord- und Südpol / hrsg. von Gert Lange. Mit fünf künstlerischen Fotogr. von Britta Lauer. Bielefeld : Delius Klasing, pp. 93-96, ISBN: 3-7688-1257-X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 4
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    The International DOVETAIL Program (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Deep-Sea Research II, 49(21), pp. 4711-4714
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: The "Deep Ocean Ventilation Through Antarctic Intermediate Layers"(DOVETAIL) program is an international field and modeling study of thedense deep and bottom waters of the northwestern Weddell Sea. Aprimary program goal has been to estimate the volume transport andpathways of these waters, long considered to be a major source ofAntarctic Bottom Water, as they escape from the Weddell Sea over andthrough the South Scotia Ridge into the Scotia Sea. Corollary goalsare to assess modification of the stratification during passage throughthe narrow, steep-sided and irregular channels that transect the Ridge.The program has evolved, since its start in 1997 as a primarily process-oriented project, into a multiyear observational study of the northwesternWeddell Sea-southern Scotia Sea including the Weddell-ScotiaConfluence region. An additional program goal has, therefore, becomethe estimation of interannual variability in the physical system. Thisvolume contains a collection of papers that present recent field andmodel-derived results from the DOVETAIL program.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    On the seasonal variability of the Southern Ocean meridional overturning (2001)
    In:  EPIC3Exchanges : newsletter of the Climate Variability and Predictability Programme (CLIVAR), 6(4). {http://www.clivar.org/publications/exchanges/ex22/ex22.pdf}, 28
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Recent numerical model results focussed on the Southern Ocean meridionaloverturning support the observationally derived formation rate of denseAntarctic Bottom Water (AABW) of the order of 10 Sv, mainly confined tothe Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. The numerically derived ratedoubles if a slightly lighter component of the Indian-Pacific (IP) sector isincluded, supporting the hypothesis that the sources in the southern andnorthern hemisphere contribute equally to the ventilation of the worldocean abyss. Most of the estimates based on observations, however,repesent long-term means which do not reflect the seasonal andinterannual variability inherent to the bottom water formation process.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , notRev
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  • 6
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    M_2 tidal dynamics in the Ross Sea (2003)
    In:  EPIC3Antarctic Science, 15(1), pp. 41-46
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: In certain regions of the Southern Ocean, tidal energy is believed to foster the mixing of differentwater masses, which eventually contribute to the formation of deep and bottom waters. The RossSea is one of the major ventilation sites of the global ocean abyss and a region of sparse tidalobservations. We investigated tidal dynamics in the Ross Sea using a three-dimensional sigmacoordinate model, the Regional Ocean Model Systems (ROMS). Realistic topography andhydrography from existing observational data were used with a single tidal constituent, thesemi-diurnal M2. The model fields faithfully reproduced the major features of the tidal circulationand had reasonable agreement with ten existing tidal elevation observations and forty-twoexisting tidal current measurements. The differences were attributed primarily to topographic errors.Internal tides were generated at the continental shelf/slope break and other areas of steeptopography. Strong vertical shears in the horizontal velocities occurred under and at the edges ofthe Ross Ice Shelf and along the continental shelf/slope break. Estimates of lead formation basedon divergence of baroclinic velocities were significantly higher than those based on barotropicvelocities, reaching over 10% at the continental shelf/slope break.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Movements of adult male southern elephant seals from King George Island observed by satellite telemetry (2002)
    In:  EPIC3In: Dehnhard, M. & Hofer, H. (eds), 4th International Symposium on Physiology and Behaviour of Wild and Zoo animals, Berlin. Advances in Ethology:68, 37, ISSN: 0301-2808
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: The migratory behaviour of adult male southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, from King George Island was studied in relation to sea ice coverage. Fourteen animals were immobilzed and fitted with satellite linked transmitters (Telonics/Wildlife Computers, USA) after the annual moult at their southernmost breeding colony at Stranger Point, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, from March to May 2000. The seals were tracked by Service ARGOS (Toulouse/France) for up to 12 months until March 2001. Daily data of sea ice coverage were derived from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) of the Defence Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP).The bulls moved south-eastward along the shelf margin east of the Antarctic Peninsula reaching their southernmost locations in the interior pack ice of the Weddell Sea in May 2000.Here they concentrated their foraging close to the northern sill of the Filchner Trough. This region corresponds to a divergence of the Antarctic Coastal Current which forms the southern limb of the Weddell Gyre. Upwelling in this area might cause vertical transport of organic material which correlates with increased prey availability for top predators through food web linkages. In August 2000 the remaining bulls with functional transmitters returned northwards to their breeding sites, mainly King George Island.The migration routes of the bulls differ considerably from those of cows and weaned pups of both sexes which moved westward from King George Island into the Pacific sector of the Antarctic Ocean as revealed in a previous tracking study. It needs to be verified whether such separation is maintained within and between years.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 8
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    Substantial advective iron loss diminishes phytoplankton production in the Antarctic Zone (2003)
    In:  EPIC3Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 17(1), 25, pp. 1-9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Upon one decade of research it is a well established fact that iron limits photosynthetic CO2 fixation and phytoplankton growth in the Southern Ocean - intense blooms are scarse. However, the input of iron to the Southern Ocean is considerable. An important factor for diminished phytoplankton production refers to the meridional circulation of the Southern Ocean. Intense upwelling of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) causes a large iron flux into the surface layer. However, the main entrainment of upwelled UCDW into the surface layer occurs in autumn and winter which strongly restricts the usefullness of iron supply for phytoplankton due to unfavorable light conditions. Moreover, the meridional transport within the Ekman layer is intense enough to export at least 25% of the iron input away form the Antarctic Zone before it can be used by phytoplankton. This also depresses the potential phytoplankton primary production by at least 25%. Most iron that crosses the Polar Front unused leaves the surface ocean north of the Polar Front because the surface water participates in Antarctic Intermediate Water/Mode Water formation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
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    Simulations of ice-ocean dynamics in the Weddell Sea. 2. Interannual variability 1985 - 1993 (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical ResearchC3), 107
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Investigations of sea ice-ocean interaction on the continental shelf in the southwestern Weddell Sea reveal a strong correlation between fluctuations of atmospheric forcing and the variability of sea ice formation.Anomalies of meridional wind stress in the inner Weddell Sea are consistent with the phase of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW).Positive anomalies of northward wind stress cause an increase of sea ice export in the same, and of sea ice formation in the following year leading to an increased production of High Salinity Shelf Water.Driven by a varying zonal density distribution over the continental shelf, the circulation in the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf cavity fluctuates between two modes, each of which features a characteristic distribution of basal freezing and melting regions.Thus, signals of interannual atmospheric variability propagate into the deep ocean and the sub-ice shelf cavities.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
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    On the transport, variability and origin of dense water masses crossing the South Scotia Ridge (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Deep-Sea Research II, 49, pp. 4807-4825, ISSN: 0967-0645
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: The deep Scotia Sea is filled with ventilated Weddell Sea Deep Water.This in turn is an essential contributor to the ventilation of the World Ocean abyss.Depending on the formation process and/or its location along the Weddell Seaperiphery, deep and bottom water masses follow different routes to crossthe South Scotia Ridge. A primitive equation, hydrostatic, terrain-followingcoordinate ocean general circulation model (BRIOS-1) is used to investigatethe water mass export from the Weddell Sea. The model is circumpolarfocusing on the Weddell Sea, with particulary high resolution (~ 20 km)in the DOVETAIL area. 24 Sv of eastward Weddell Sea Deep Watertransport is found in the northern limb of the Weddell Gyre across 44W.Export rates of Weddell Sea Deep Water through gaps in theSouth Scotia Ridge are estimated to 6.4 Sv with a semi-annual cycleof +- 0.6 Sv which can be correlated to atmospheric cyclone activity andWeddell Gyre strength.Sensitivity studies considering extreme sea ice conditions in the WeddellSea show higher (lower) exports in years of minimum (maximum) ice extent.Lagrangian particle trajectories illustrate the pathways of water massesfrom the inner Weddell Sea into the Scotia Sea through various gaps inthe South Scotia Ridge.They highlight the existing flow divergence on the northwestern continentalshelf with one branch entering Bransfield Strait and the other continuingeastwards subsequently filling the deep Scotia and Weddell seas.Water masses flowing through the major gaps originate from thesouthwestern and southeastern Weddell Sea continental shelves.However, water masses formed east of the Weddell Sea (e.g., Prydz Bay)also seem to feed the deep Scotia Sea, since a large portion of floatsflowing northward through the gaps of the South Scotia Ridge have beenin contact with the mixed layer processes outside the inner Weddell Sea.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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