Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Barents Sea Geology -- 1.3 Mjlnir Impact at Volgian/Ryazanian Boundary -- 1.4 The Investigation History of Mjlnir -- 1.5 The Search for Oil and Gas in the Barents Sea -- 1.6 Future Mjlnir Studies -- 1.7 Etymology -- 2 Geological Framework -- 2.1 Plate Tectonic Evolution of the Arctic -- 2.2 Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Depositional Environments of the Arctic -- 2.2.1 Geological and Palaeogeographical Setting -- 2.2.1.1 Cretaceous Palaeogeographic Setting -- 2.2.1.2 The Barents Sea in Time and Space -- 2.2.2 Svalbard -- 2.2.3 Barents Sea -- 2.2.4 Greenland -- 2.2.5 Siberia -- 2.2.6 Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous Depositional Configuration -- 3 Impact Structure and Morphology -- 3.1 Seismic Reflection Database -- 3.2 Shallow Structure -- 3.2.1 Main Features -- 3.2.2 Detailed Seismic Correlation to Nearby Shallow Boreholes -- 3.2.2.1 Borehole 7430/10-U-01 -- 3.2.2.2 Borehole 7329/03-U-01 -- 3.2.2.3 Impact Timing as Revealed from Seismic Correlation -- 3.2.3 Impact-Induced Deformation -- 3.2.4 Near-Field Erosional Features -- 3.2.4.1 Resurge Gullies -- 3.2.4.2 Crater Rim -- 3.3 Deep Structure -- 3.3.1 Impact-Induced Disturbance -- 3.3.1.1 Seismic Reflectivity Patterns -- 3.3.1.2 Shape and Dimensions -- 4 Impact Geophysics and Modelling -- 4.1 Features Related to the Cratering Process -- 4.1.1 Excavated Crater and Breccia -- 4.1.2 Impact Melts -- 4.1.3 Gravitational Collapse -- 4.1.4 Structural Uplift -- 4.2 Impact into a Marine Sedimentary Basin -- 4.3 Impact Crater Modelling -- 4.3.1 Potential Field Data -- 4.3.2 Marine Gravity Anomalies and Modelling -- 4.3.3 Marine Magnetic Anomalies and Modelling -- 4.3.4 Traveltime/Velocity Anomalies and Modelling -- 4.4 Modelled Porosity Anomalies -- 4.4.1 Density-Derived Porosity Anomaly. , 4.4.2 Velocity-Derived Porosity Anomaly -- 4.4.3 Postimpact Deformation-Derived Porosity Anomaly -- 4.4.4 Porosity Anomaly and Pore Space Volume -- 4.4.5 Porosity Anomaly and Hydrocarbon Potential -- 4.5 Potential Non-impact Origin -- 4.5.1 Clay Diapir -- 4.5.2 Salt Diapir -- 4.5.3 Igneous Feature -- 4.6 Alternative Interpretation of Mjlnir Crater Dimensions Based on Regional Gravity and Aero-magnetic Profiles and Modelling -- 4.6.1 The Mjølnir Aero-magnetic Anomaly -- 4.6.2 The Mjølnir Regional Free-Air Gravity Anomaly -- 4.6.3 Alternative Interpretation of Mjølnir Crater Dimensions -- 4.7 Impact-Induced Changes in Physical Properties -- 4.8 Mjlnir as an Oblique Impact Event -- 4.8.1 Elongated Crater Diameter -- 4.8.2 Seismic Disturbance Asymmetry -- 4.8.3 Peak-Ring Character -- 4.8.4 Offsets in Brecciation and Structural Uplift -- 4.8.5 Impact Direction and Angle -- 4.8.6 Mjølnir Impact Obliquity Constrains Models for Near-Field Perturbations -- 4.8.6.1 Nature and Distribution of Proximal Ejecta -- 4.8.6.2 Tsunami-Wave Distribution -- 5 Impact Cratering and Post-impact Sedimentation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Mjlnir Crater Core (7329/03-U-01) -- 5.2.1 The Ragnarok Formation -- 5.2.2 Ragnarok Formation, Unit I -- 5.2.3 Ragnarok Formation, Unit II -- 5.2.4 Hekkingen Formation -- 5.2.5 Klippfisk Formation -- 5.2.6 Spectral Gamma Results -- 5.2.7 Paleontology of the Ragnarok Formation -- 5.2.8 Paleontology of the Hekkingen Formation -- 5.2.9 Magnetic Properties and Densities of the Mjølnir Crater Core (7329/03-U-01) -- 5.3 The Mjlnir Impact Event in a Sequence Stratigraphical Framework -- 5.4 The Evidence for Impact Crater Formation -- 5.4.1 The Crater: Its Structure and Shape -- 5.4.2 Fracturing and Conglomerates -- 5.4.3 Mineralogical Evidence of Impact Cratering -- 5.4.4 Geochemistry -- 5.4.5 Paleontological Evidence of Impact Cratering. , 6 Ejecta Geology -- 6.1 The Identification of Ejecta Beds -- 6.1.1 Introduction -- 6.1.2 The Ragnarok Formation and Sindre Bed -- 6.1.3 The Discoveries of Large Amounts of Soot in Mjølnir Related Sediments -- 6.2 The Stratigraphical Distribution of the Ejecta Beds -- 6.2.1 Borehole 7430/10-U-01 -- 6.2.2 Borehole 7018/05-U-01 -- 6.2.3 Janusfjellet, Central Spitsbergen -- 6.2.4 Nordvik Peninsula, North-Western Siberia -- 6.2.5 The Mjølnir Ejecta as a Regional Stratigraphic Marker -- 7 The Impact Dynamics -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Numerical Model -- 7.3 Cratering Process -- 7.4 Ejecta Formation and Distribution -- 7.5 Resurge Flow and Tsunami Generation -- 7.6 Conclusions -- 8 Structural Analysis of Deformed Central Peak Sediments -- 8.1 Structural Position of the Mjlnir Impact Crater -- 8.2 Structural Geological Analysis -- 8.2.1 Type A Structures: Early Extensional Micro-faults and Fissures -- 8.2.2 Type B-Structures: Fragmentation of Semi-consolidated or Consolidated Beds -- 8.2.3 Type C-Structures: Liquefaction and Shearing -- 8.2.4 Type D-Structures: Folds, Rotated Strata and Shear Bands -- 8.2.5 Type E-Structures: Intensely Sheared Sequences -- 8.2.6 Type F-Structures: Late Brittle Fractures and Microfaults -- 8.3 Deformation History of the Ragnarok Formation -- 9 Postimpact Deformation Due to Sediment Loading: The Mjlnir Paradigm -- 9.1 Postimpact Burial -- 9.2 Mjlnir Crater -- 9.2.1 Postimpact Infilling -- 9.2.2 Faulting and Differential Vertical Movements -- 9.3 Other Craters: Chesapeake Bay, Chicxulub, Bosumtwi, and Montagnais -- 9.4 Original Crater Relief Reconstruction -- 9.4.1 Mjølnir -- 9.4.2 Chicxulub -- 9.4.3 Bosumtwi -- 9.4.4 Chesapeake Bay -- 9.5 Correction of Crater Morphological and Structural Parameters -- 9.5.1 Parameters Prone to Postimpact Burial Modification -- 9.5.2 Postimpact Modification Correction Factor. , 10 The Mjlnir Tsunami -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Tsunami Models -- 10.3 Tsunami Generation -- 10.3.1 Near Field Evolution -- 10.3.2 Far Field Propagation -- 10.3.2.1 Estimates of Far-Field Behaviour -- 10.3.2.2 Computations of Far-Field Behaviour -- 10.4 Discussion -- References -- Index -- Index.