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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Literaturrecherche, Aus- und Bewertung der Datenbasis zur Meerforelle (Salmo trutta trutta L.) : Grundlage für ein Projekt zur Optimierung des Meerforellenmanagements in Schleswig-Holstein ; Endbericht (28.06.2013) (2013)
    Kiel : GEOMAR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung
    Details Availability
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: GEOMAR Report N.S. 10
    URL: http://oceanrep.geomar.de/21919/
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/GEOMAR_REP_NS_10_2013
    Language: English , German
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    Temperature effects on vital rates of different life stages and implications for population growth of Baltic sprat (2012)
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    In: Marine biology, Berlin : Springer, 1967, 159(2012), 11 vom: Nov., Seite 2621-2632, 0025-3162
    In: volume:159
    In: year:2012
    In: number:11
    In: month:11
    In: pages:2621-2632
    In: extent:12
    Type of Medium: Article
    Pages: 12
    ISSN: 0025-3162
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Floating along buoyancy levels: Dispersal and survival of western Baltic fish eggs (2014)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 122 . pp. 131-152.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-10
    Description: Highlights: • Belt Sea cod, plaice and flounder differentiate in their specific egg densities. • Ontogenetic egg density increase in stage IV cod eggs elevates modeled egg mortality. • Drift model indicates retention in western Baltic in cod and flatfish yolk sac larvae. • No eastward transport to Arkona Sea or Bornholm Sea until end of yolk sac stage. • Ambiguity in flounder egg density could reflect more complex population structure. Abstract: Vertical distribution is an important feature of pelagic fish eggs and yolk sac larvae impacting their survival and dispersal, especially in heterogeneous and highly variable estuarine environments like the Baltic Sea. Egg densities determining the vertical distribution pattern were experimentally ascertained for cod (Gadus morhua), plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and flounder (Platichthys flesus) from the western Baltic Sea. Plaice eggs floated at lower mean (±standard deviation) density range (1.0136 ± 0.0007 g cm−3) compared to cod (1.0146 ± 0.0009 g cm−3) and flounder eggs (1.0160 ± 0.0015 g cm−3), which floated on the highest density level. In flounder egg diameter was significantly related to egg density and in cod a weak correlation could be found between egg dry weight and density. All other relationships between female size, egg size, egg dry weight and egg density were not significant for any of the species. Available egg density data for Baltic Sea cod, plaice and flounder are summarized considering ICES subdivisions and stock management units. A hydrodynamic drift modeling approach was applied releasing drifters in the Belt Sea continuously from December to May, covering the species’ spawning seasons. The model implemented experimentally derived egg density ranges and included ontogenetic egg density modifications for cod eggs, increasing egg density from a late egg development stage to first hatch. A drifter was removed from the model, i.e. considered dead, when its initially prescribed density value exceeded the density range available at the temporally resolved geographical positions along the drift trajectories. Highest survival occurred during releases in April and May but no cohorts survived if they were drifted east into the central Arkona Basin or the central Baltic Sea, irrespective of whether a major Baltic Inflow (1992/1993) or a stagnation-year (1987/1988) was simulated. The dispersal characteristics of the surviving yolk sac larvae of all three species reflected retention within the Belt Sea or northwards transport through the Great Belt into the Kattegat and partly into the Skagerrak. There was no successful transport to more eastern Baltic areas past a hypothetical line from the island of Moen (Denmark) to Kap Arkona on Rügen Island (Germany).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.01.001
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Reprint of: The ecophysiology of Sprattus sprattus in the Baltic and North Seas (2012)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 107 . pp. 31-46.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-23
    Description: The European sprat (Sprattus sprattus) was a main target species of the German GLOBEC program that investigated the trophodynamic structure and function of the Baltic and North Seas under the influence of physical forcing. This review summarizes literature on the ecophysiology of sprat with an emphasis on describing how environmental factors influence the life-history strategy of this small pelagic fish. Ontogenetic changes in feeding and growth, and the impacts of abiotic and biotic factors on vital rates are discussed with particular emphasis on the role of temperature as a constraint to life-history scheduling of this species in the Baltic Sea. A combination of field and laboratory data suggests that optimal thermal windows for growth and survival change during early life and are wider for eggs (5–17 °C) than in young (8- to 12-mm) early feeding larvae (5–12 °C). As larvae become able to successfully capture larger prey, thermal windows expand to include warmer waters. For example, 12- to 16-mm larvae can grow well at 16 °C and larger, transitional-larvae and early juveniles display the highest rates of feeding and growth at ~18–22 °C. Gaps in knowledge are identified including the need for additional laboratory studies on the physiology and behavior of larvae (studies that will be particularly critical for biophysical modeling activities) and research addressing the role of overwinter survival as a factor shaping phenology and setting limits on the productivity of this species in areas located at the northern limits of its latitudinal range (such as the Baltic Sea). Based on stage- and temperature-specific mortality and growth potential of early life stages, our analysis suggests that young-of-the year sprat would benefit from inhabiting warmer, near-shore environments rather than the deeper-water spawning grounds such as the Bornholm Basin (central Baltic Sea). Utilization of warmer, nearshore waters (or a general increase in Baltic Sea temperatures) is expected to accelerate growth rates but also enhance the possibility for density-dependent regulation of recruitment (e.g., top-down control of zooplankton resources) acting during the late-larval and juvenile stages, particularly when sprat stocks are at high levels.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Climate-driven long-term trends in Baltic Sea oxygen concentrations and the potential consequences for eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) (2011)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68 (10). pp. 2019-2028.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Variations in oxygen conditions in the Baltic are influenced by several mechanisms. Generally, the frequency and magnitude of major inflows have been identified as the most crucial process for the renewal of oxygen-depleted water masses in the Baltic Sea. Furthermore, enhanced degradation of suspended organic matter by bacteria over the past few decades has increased oxygen consumption. Finally, the effects of large-scale climate warming are causing long-term variations in oxygen content and saturation as an observed increase in temperature has led to a general decrease in oxygen solubility of water masses. Oxygen-dependent relationships based on field data and laboratory experiments were used to analyse the impact of the observed decrease in oxygen content on eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) stock-specific processes (e.g. survival rates of eggs, settlement probability of juveniles, habitat utilization of spawning fish, age structure of successful spawners, food consumption rates of adult fish). The observed long-term decline in oxygen conditions in the Baltic Sea has had a seemingly generally negative impact on oxygen-related processes for the different life stages of eastern Baltic cod. Experimentally derived results of oxygen-driven processes were validated by field data.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsr145
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  • 6
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    On the edge of death: Rates of decline and lower thresholds of biochemical condition in food-deprived fish larvae and juveniles (2011)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Marine Systems, 93 (May). pp. 11-24.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-13
    Description: Gaining reliable estimates of how long fish early life stages can survive without feeding and how starvation rate and time until death are influenced by body size, temperature and species is critical to understanding processes controlling mortality in the sea. The present study is an across-species analysis of starvation-induced changes in biochemical condition in early life stages of nine marine and freshwater fishes. Data were compiled on changes in body size (dry weight, DW) and biochemical condition (standardized RNA–DNA ratio, sRD) throughout the course of starvation of yolk-sac and feeding larvae and juveniles in the laboratory. In all cases, the mean biochemical condition of groups decreased exponentially with starvation time, regardless of initial condition and endogenous yolk reserves. A starvation rate for individuals was estimated from discrete 75th percentiles of sampled populations versus time (degree-days, Dd). The 10th percentile of sRD successfully approximated the lowest, life-stage-specific biochemical condition (the edge of death). Temperature could explain 59% of the variability in time to death whereas DW had no effect. Species and life-stage-specific differences in starvation parameters suggest selective adaptation to food deprivation. Previously published, interspecific functions predicting the relationship between growth rate and sRD in feeding fish larvae do not apply to individuals experiencing prolonged food deprivation. Starvation rate, edge of death, and time to death are viable proxies for the physiological processes under food deprivation of individual fish pre-recruits in the laboratory and provide useful metrics for research on the role of starvation in the sea. Highlights ► Biochemical condition (RNA–DNA ratio) decreases exponentially during starvation. ► Starvation parameters of individuals can be derived from data collected on groups. ► Physiological rates of starvation compare well across a broad range of temperatures. ► Species and life stages specific starvation parameters indicate selective adaptation.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.09.010
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  • 7
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    Temperature effects on vital rates of different life stages and implications for population growth of Baltic sprat (2012)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 159 . pp. 2621-2632.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Baltic sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus S.) is a key species in the pelagic ecosystem of the Baltic Sea. Most stocks of small pelagic species are characterized by natural, fishery-independent fluctuations, which make it difficult to predict stock development. Baltic sprat recruitment is highly variable, which can partly be related to climate-driven variability in hydrographic conditions. Results from experimental studies and field observations demonstrate that a number of important life history traits of sprat are affected by temperature, especially the survival and growth of early life stages. Projected climate-driven warming may impact important processes affecting various life stages of sprat, from survival and development during the egg and larval phases to the reproductive output of adults. This study presents a stage-based matrix model approach to simulate sprat population dynamics in relation to different climate change scenarios. Data obtained from experimental studies and field observations were used to estimate and incorporate stage-specific growth and survival rates into the model. Model-based estimates of population growth rate were affected most by changes in the transition probability of the feeding larval stage at all temperatures (+0, +2, +4, +6 °C). The maximum increase in population growth rate was expected when ambient temperature was elevated by 4 °C. Coupling our stage-based model and more complex, biophysical individual-based models may reveal the processes driving these expected climate-driven changes in Baltic Sea sprat population dynamics.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-012-1933-6
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  • 8
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    The spatial dimension of climate-driven temperature change in the Baltic Sea and its implication for cod and sprat early life stage survival (2012)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Marine Systems, 100-101 . pp. 1-8.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Throughout the last decades there has been a world-wide, general warming trend. In this study, we use the example of the Baltic Sea to resolve the overall estimated temperature trend into smaller, meso-scale spatial units. Afterwards, we investigate the spatially resolved potential impact of the temperature trend on larval survival for two important fish species, cod and sprat. We used two different sets of hydrographic data: (i) long-term temporally and depth-resolved data measured in situ originating from one geographic position and (ii) long-term horizontally resolved data, originating from a circulation model. In contrast to basin-wide integrated results, our modelling approach revealed different results related to smaller spatial scales. In shallow and coastal areas non-significant long-term temperature trends were observed. In some cases even decreasing temperature trends were found. Average distribution maps (1973–2010) of cod and sprat eggs and larvae confirmed the higher importance of central, deep basins as nursery grounds. Applying the temperature trends when calculating cod larval window of opportunity values, resulted in decreased durations of 1–3 days (~ 3–13%) in most areas. Sprat larval window of opportunity values mainly increased up to 4 days (~ 45%), indicating a potential reproduction advantage of sprat over cod under anticipated future temperature increase. Highlights ► We resolve the overall positive temperature trend in the Baltic into meso-scale spatial units and investigate the impact on larval survival for two important fish species, cod and sprat. ► In shallow and coastal areas non-significant or even negative temperature trends occurred. ► Cod larval window of opportunity values decreased by 1–3 days (~ 3–13%). ► Sprat larval window of opportunity values increased up to 4 days (~ 45%). ► Sprat will have a reproduction advantage over cod under anticipated future temperature change.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.03.009
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  • 9
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    The ecophysiology of Sprattus sprattus in the Baltic and North Seas (2012)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 103 . pp. 42-57.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-16
    Description: The European sprat (Sprattus sprattus) was a main target species of the German GLOBEC program that investigated the trophodynamic structure and function of the Baltic and North Seas under the influence of physical forcing. This review summarizes literature on the ecophysiology of sprat with an emphasis on describing how environmental factors influence the life-history strategy of this small pelagic fish. Ontogenetic changes in feeding and growth, and the impacts of abiotic and biotic factors on vital rates are discussed with particular emphasis on the role of temperature as a constraint to life-history scheduling of this species in the Baltic Sea. A combination of field and laboratory data suggests that optimal thermal windows for growth and survival change during early life and are wider for eggs (5–17 °C) than in young (8- to 12-mm) early feeding larvae (5–12 °C). As larvae become able to successfully capture larger prey, thermal windows expand to include warmer waters. For example, 12- to 16-mm larvae can grow well at 16 °C and larger, transitional-larvae and early juveniles display the highest rates of feeding and growth at ∼18–22 °C. Gaps in knowledge are identified including the need for additional laboratory studies on the physiology and behavior of larvae (studies that will be particularly critical for biophysical modeling activities) and research addressing the role of overwinter survival as a factor shaping phenology and setting limits on the productivity of this species in areas located at the northern limits of its latitudinal range (such as the Baltic Sea). Based on stage- and temperature-specific mortality and growth potential of early life stages, our analysis suggests that young-of-the year sprat would benefit from inhabiting warmer, near-shore environments rather than the deeper-water spawning grounds such as the Bornholm Basin (central Baltic Sea). Utilization of warmer, nearshore waters (or a general increase in Baltic Sea temperatures) is expected to accelerate growth rates but also enhance the possibility for density-dependent regulation of recruitment (e.g., top-down control of zooplankton resources) acting during the late-larval and juvenile stages, particularly when sprat stocks are at high levels. Highlights ► Field, laboratory and modeling research on the ecophysiology of all sprat life stages is summarized. ► Environmental factors influencing growth and survival are revealed. ► Ontogenetic changes in thermal tolerance and prey requirements constrain life cycle scheduling. ► Gaps in knowledge are identified and future research efforts recommended on sprat recruitment dynamics. ► Exploring seasonal energy allocation will allow a mechanistic understanding of climate impacts.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.04.013
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  • 10
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    The impact of climate change on Baltic sprat population dynamics - a matrix model approach (2011)
    In:  [Talk] In: ICES Annual Science Conference 2011, 19.-23.09.2011, Gdansk, Poland .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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