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  • 1
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: II, 160 S. , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: GEOMAR Report N.S. 8
    Language: English , German
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  • 2
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 160 S., 3,3 MB)
    Series Statement: GEOMAR Report N.S. 8
    Language: English , German
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-02-24
    Description: The SUGAR Toolbox contains scripts coded in MATLAB for calculating various thermodynamic, kinetic, and geologic properties of substances occurring in the marine environment, particularly gas hydrate and seep systems. Brief descriptions of the toolbox scripts and some notes on the underlying basic theory as well as tables of additional property values can be found in the accompanying documentation.
    Keywords: GEOMAR; Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3.4 MBytes
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-06-26
    Description: Due to the strong interest in geochemical CO2-fluid-rock interaction in the context of geological storage of CO2 a growing number of research groups have used a variety of different experimental ways to identify important geochemical dissolution or precipitation reactions and – if possible – quantify the rates and extent of mineral or rock alteration. In this inter-laboratory comparison the gas-fluid-mineral reactions of three samples of rock-forming minerals have been investigated by 11 experimental labs. The reported results point to robust identification of the major processes in the experiments by most groups. The dissolution rates derived from the changes in composition of the aqueous phase are consistent overall, but the variation could be reduced by using similar corrections for changing parameters in the reaction cells over time. The comparison of experimental setups and procedures as well as of data corrections identified potential improvements for future gas-fluid-rock studies.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-01-15
    Description: The recovery of natural gas from CH4-hydrate deposits in sub-marine and sub-permafrost environments through injection of CO2 is considered a suitable strategy towards emission-neutral energy production. This study shows that the injection of hot, supercritical CO2 is particularly promising. The addition of heat triggers the dissociation of CH4-hydrate while the CO2, once thermally equilibrated, reacts with the pore water and is retained in the reservoir as immobile CO2-hydrate. Furthermore, optimal reservoir conditions of pressure and temperature are constrained. Experiments were conducted in a high-pressure flow-through reactor at different sediment temperatures (2 °C, 8 °C, 10 °C) and hydrostatic pressures (8 MPa, 13 MPa). The efficiency of both, CH4 production and CO2 retention is best at 8 °C, 13 MPa. Here, both CO2- and CH4-hydrate as well as mixed hydrates can form. At 2 °C, the production process was less effective due to congestion of transport pathways through the sediment by rapidly forming CO2-hydrate. In contrast, at 10 °C CH4 production suffered from local increases in permeability and fast breakthrough of the injection fluid, thereby confining the accessibility to the CH4 pool to only the most prominent fluid channels. Mass and volume balancing of the collected gas and fluid stream identified gas mobilization as equally important process parameter in addition to the rates of methane hydrate dissociation and hydrate conversion. Thus, the combination of heat supply and CO2 injection in one supercritical phase helps to overcome the mass transfer limitations usually observed in experiments with cold liquid or gaseous CO2.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Gashydrate sind eisähnliche Verbindungen, in denen Hydratbildner, z.B. Methan, in hoher Dichte gespeichert werden können. Methanhydrate sind nur bei hohen Drücken und tiefen Temperaturen sowie in Anwesenheit hoher Methankonzentrationen stabil. Diese Stabilitätsbedingungen sind unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen in marinen Sedimenten erfüllt, in denen Methan durch den mikrobiellen Abbau von abgelagerter Biomasse entsteht oder aus größeren Tiefen zugeführt wird. Die globale Menge an Methan in marinen Gashydraten überschreitet die Menge an Erdgas in konventionellen Lagerstätten vermutlich um ein Mehrfaches. Eine potenzielle Nutzung von Gashydraten als zukünftige Energiequelle wird daher gegenwärtig weltweit untersucht. Erste Feldtests in Permafrostregionen und marinen Lagerstätten haben gezeigt, dass eine Produktion von Methan aus Gashydraten prinzipiell möglich ist. Eine Förderung von Methan aus Gashydraten kann technisch realisiert werden mittels Druckabsenkung, durch thermische Stimulation oder chemische Aktivierung. Die Injektion von CO2, ebenfalls ein Hydratbildner, kann eine solche Aktivierung der natürlichen Hydrate bewirken und das Methan in der Hydratstruktur ersetzen. Infolgedessen erscheint eine verfahrenstechnische Kombination von Hydratabbau und CO2-Speicherung als besonders sinnvoll, da im Idealfall eine emissionsarme bis -freie Energiegewinnung ermöglicht würde. Untersuchungen zur Aufklärung mechanistischer und fluiddynamischer Aspekte der CH4-CO2-Hydratumwandlung sowie zur Entwicklung eines technischen Verfahrens werden in unterschiedlichen Hochdruckanlagen auf verschiedenen Skalen durchgeführt. Diese speziellen Systeme bieten die Möglichkeit, marine Druck-, Temperatur- und Durchflussbedingungen zu simulieren. Sie sind mit verschiedenen Sensoren und Messsystemen (z.B. CTD, IR, Raman, MRI) ausgerüstet, um den Prozessverlauf störungsfrei zu überwachen. Basierend auf derzeitigen Ergebnissen erscheint die Injektion von erwärmtem, überkritischem CO2 als vielversprechender technischer Baustein für die Verfahrensentwicklung. Die Zuführung von Wärmeenergie bewirkt die initiale Destabilisierung der Gashydrate und die Freisetzung von CH4, während nach Abkühlung das CO2 seinerseits Hydrate bildet und als feste, immobile Phase im Sediment zurückgehalten wird. Sowohl Methanproduktion als auch CO2-Speicherung sind dabei abhängig von der Reservoirtemperatur, so dass die Prozesseffizienz und -ausbeute bei mittleren Temperaturen (8°C) höher ist als bei niedrigeren (2°C) und höheren Temperaturen (10°C). Dies deutet darauf hin, dass der Gesamtprozess durch die Raten der jeweiligen Teilreaktionen der Hydratzersetzung und Hydratneubildung stark beeinflusst wird. Der experimentelle Vergleich unterschiedlicher Injektionsmodi zeigt, dass eine alternierende CO2-Injektion bestehend aus Injektions- und Reaktionsintervallen höhere Ausbeuten erreicht als eine kontinuierliche Injektion.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    In:  [Poster] In: Magnetic Resonance in Porous Media 11, 09.-13.09.2012, Guildford, UK .
    Publication Date: 2012-10-05
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-12-05
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: The production of natural gas from sub-seafloor gas hydrates is one possible strategy to meet the world’s growing demand for energy. On the other hand, climate warming scenarios call for the substitution of fossil energy resources by sustainable energy concepts. Burning natural gas from gas hydrates could be emission neutral if it was combined with a safe storage of the emitted CO2. Laboratory experiments, that address corresponding strategies, need to be performed under high pressures and low temperatures to meet the thermodynamic conditions of the sub-seafloor environment. In this paper, we present a high-pressure flow-through sample cell that is suitable for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments at realistic marine environmental conditions, i.e. pressures up to 15 MPa and temperatures from 5 to 20 °C, and we demonstrate its suitability in applied gas hydrate research.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Description: Huge amounts of CH4 bound in natural gas hydrates lead to the idea of using hydrate bearing sediments as an energy resource. Natural gas hydrates remain stable as long as they are in mechanical, thermal and chemical equilibrium with their environments. Thus, for the production of gas from hydrate bearing sediments, at least one of these equilibrium states must be disturbed by depressurization, thermal stimulation or addition of chemicals such as CO2. In the framework of the German national gas hydrate research project SUGAR (Submarine Gas Hydrate Reservoirs), all three reaction routes – alone or in combination – are tested. The aim is to find the most flexible and efficient, but also environmentally friendly method for gas production from hydrates. One method in this context is the thermal stimulation using in situ combustion. Therefore, a heat exchange reactor was designed and tested for the catalytic oxidation of methane. Furthermore, a large scale reservoir simulator (Volume 425 l) was realized, to synthesize hydrates in sediments under conditions similar to nature and to test the efficiency of the reactor. Thermocouples placed in the reservoir simulator collect data regarding the expansion of the heat front, respectively. These data are used for numerical simulations for up scaling from laboratory to field conditions. However, thermal stimulation may be used alone or in combination with CO2 sequestration. Therefore, laboratory studies on the methane production from pure hydrate phases as well as hydrate bearing sediments by use of CO2 injection are investigated using several analytic tools such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, confocal Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. In this study we present the experimental set up of the large scale reservoir simulator and the reactor design. Preliminary results show that the catalytic oxidation of CH4 in a countercurrent heat exchange reactor operated as a temperature controlled, autothermal reaction outside of the flammability limits of CH4 is a safe and promising tool for the thermal stimulation of hydrates. In addition, preliminary results from the laboratory studies on the CO2-CH4 swapping process in pure and pore-filling gas hydrates are presented focussing on the kinetics of this process.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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