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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different behaviour of platinum in the Indian and Pacific Oceans (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 338 (1989), S. 332-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Seawater samples were obtained at 27°00' S, 56°58' E (station CD 1504) and 06°09' S, 50°54' E (station CD 1507) during cruise 15 of the RRS Charles Darwin in the Indian Ocean5. Clean laboratory and sampling procedures were used to avoid sample ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/338332a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential flow analysis coupled with ACSV for on-line monitoring of cobalt in the marine environment (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 703-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The development of a compact instrument for on-line measurement of trace metals in seawater is described. The system is based on adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (ACSV), and on the concept of sequential flow analysis, to perform on-line measurements with controlled perturbation of natural equilibria of the element. The design combines a low volume flow cell with a miniature solenoid pump and valves to achieve low power consumption. The flow segmentation is time-controlled and the detection step takes place in a well-defined part of the flow stream where reagent and sample occur mixed. The system was tested on the determination of cobalt in seawater but it is likely that the same technique can be used to determine other metals detectable by CSV. The determination range was 6–1050 pmol/L cobalt with a detection limit (3σ) of 6 pmol/L. The measurement rate was about 60 h–1. Comparative measurements were carried out using continuous flow analysis. The apparatus was used continuously on board a ship to determine the distribution pattern of cobalt in surface waters off the coast of California.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050495
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-Performance adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry of nickel and cobalt in seawater (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 6 (1994), S. 1069-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Nickel ; Cobalt ; Stripping voltammetry ; Seawater ; Staircase modulation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The voltammetric determination of trace metals in seawater suffers from the interference of dissolved oxygen and engine vibrations onboard ship. It is here attempted to overcome these interferences using a high-frequency (1 to 20 kHz) staircase modulation during the voltammetric scan (high-performance adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry, HPACSV). Comparative experiments using the square-wave modulation showed that this modulation was not effective at such a high frequency. A comparison between various complexing agents (DMG and nioxime) and pH buffers (HEPES/NH4OH, borate/NaOH, and TEA/NH4OH) showed that the determination of nickel and cobalt was similarly improved by the high-speed potential scan in all conditions. Fast potential scans cause a large increase of the peak area and peak heights using staircase modulation. The peaks are wider, and the peak potentials are shifted toward negative values due to the ohmic drop, but the analytical determination is not disturbed. Optimal sensitivity for the determination of cobalt and nickel in seawater was obtained using TEA buffer and DMG as the adsorptive ligand. The nioxime wave was found to interfere in the cobalt peak at high scan rates so that this ligand is not recommended for HPACSV. Comparative tests showed that the sensitivity for nickel and cobalt determinations was highly improved by the fast scan rates. Furthermore, the reduction current of dissolved oxygen was partially masked so that measurements could be taken without a previous purge of the sample. Finally, the scans were insensitive to the solution turbulence so measurements could be readily carried out onboard of an oceanographic vessel or without switching off the stirrer. Low levels of nickel (2 nM) could be determined in seawater by using a deposition time of 20 seconds and of 120 seconds for 0.05 nM cobalt from turbulent and unpurged solutions. A fast determination method for labile nickel and cobalt is proposed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140061126
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  • 4
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    High resolution monitoring of dissolved Cu and Co in coastal surface waters of the western North Sea (2003)
    Elsevier
    In:  Continental Shelf Research, 23 (6). pp. 611-623.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-04
    Description: This paper discusses the distribution of dissolved Cu and Co in coastal surface waters of the western North Sea. High resolution data (more than 5500 (Cu) and 12000 (Co) data points), obtained using on-line flow-analysis techniques, clearly showed enhanced trace metal levels near the coast and estuarine outflows. In an offshore direction, the high metal levels were gradually diluted with metal-depleted seawater originating in the North Atlantic. The data indicated benthic sources for Cu and Co due to diagenetic remobilisation, sediment resuspension with injection of interstitial waters into the overlaying water and/or desorption from resuspended particles. Some evidence of biological removal of dissolved Cu was apparent in offshore coastal waters with enhanced chlorophyll concentrations. The study demonstrates how high resolution trace metal data allows us to deconvolute complex metal input and removal processes in dynamic coastal waters. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00003-7
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Chemical specification of chromium and nickel in the western Mediterranean (1997)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 44 (3-4). pp. 693-720.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-04
    Description: The chemical speciation of dissolved Cr and Ni was measured onboard ship in the western Mediterranean Sea using cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) during the winter of 1992 and summer of 1993. Vertical profiles for dissolved Cr(III) in the water column showed concentrations between 0 and 1.4 nM, with highest concentrations in the surface layer, possibly caused by photochemical conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) during summer periods and by atmospheric inputs during winter periods. Enhanced Cr(III) levels also were encountered in the deeper Mediterranean waters and were attributed to mineralisation of sinking biological material and diffusion from sediments. Dissolved Cr(VI) concentrations ranged between 2 and 3 nM, and total dissolved Cr concentrations between 2 and 3.5 nM. Lowest concentrations of total Cr and Cr(VI) occurred in the surface Atlantic waters and highest levels in the deeper Mediterranean waters. Total dissolved Ni concentrations ranged between 1.5 and 5 nM. Between 10 and 20 of the total dissolved Ni in the western Mediterranean appeared to be strongly organically complexed. Both labile and total dissolved Ni concentrations were lower in the surface Atlantic waters than in the Mediterranean deeper waters Little difference was observed between the data sets for winter and summer, indicating that the influence of seasonal changes on the speciation of Ni was small. A clear nutrient-like behaviour was not apparent for Ni and Cr, and their vertical and horizontal distributions were mainly determined by physical processes. Dissolved budget results for Cr and Ni for the Valdivia and Discovery (data in parentheses) cruises of -572 (55) and -439 (369) t yr-1 were calculated, indicating that the dissolved budgets for these elements were well balanced. The budget deficits and surpluses for dissolved Cr and Ni were small compared to the mass fluxes involved in the calculation of the mass balances.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(96)00086-0
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Automated in-line sampling and analysis of trace elements in surface waters with voltammetric detection (1994)
    Elsevier
    In:  TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 13 (9). pp. 348-352.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-04
    Description: Instrumentation and methods are described for collecting surface sea water using pumping with subsequent in-line analysis by stripping voltammetry or chronopotentiometry. The review is illustrated with data for estuarine copper and nickel, and the distribution of nickel in Liverpool Bay.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0165-9936(94)85005-4
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  • 7
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    The distribution of dissolved Cu, Zn, Ni, Co and Cr in English coastal surface waters (1999)
    Elsevier
    In:  Continental Shelf Research, 19 (4). pp. 537-558.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-04
    Description: The distribution of trace metals was determined in coastal waters around England during cruises in December 1993 (CH108), October 1994 (CH115), January 1995 (CH117) and April 1995 (CH118). Cu and Ni distributions were pronouncedly influenced by mixing of river waters with seawater during CH108 coinciding with seasonally enhanced freshwater inputs, but less so during the subsequent cruises. These seasonal variations indicate the importance of processes other than conservative mixing on the distributions of Cu and Ni: benthic and atmospheric inputs, removal by biological uptake and particle scavenging. This paper is one of the first to report on coastal dissolved Cr distributions. Non-conservative behaviour was observed for Cr (CH108), with generally low concentrations which were attributed to particle scavenging. Dissolved Zn exhibited a non-conservative behaviour during the spring and late summer cruises, suggesting that processes other than mixing between water masses was influencing its behaviour. Co showed non-conservative behaviour during the late summer cruise (CH115), which was attributed to the influence of benthic inputs and particle scavenging on its distribution.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00093-4
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  • 8
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    Speciation and cycling of trace metals in Esthwaite Water: A productive English lake with seasonal deep-water anoxia (1997)
    Elsevier
    In:  Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61 (24). pp. 5233-5253.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-04
    Description: The chemical speciation of Cu, Ni, and Cr and the dissolved and unfiltered concentrations of Mo, Ti, Co, Fe, Mn, and Zn were determined in the water column of a lake with a seasonally anoxic hypolimnion (Esthwaite Water, Cumbria, UK) during three surveys in the summer of 1991. Cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) with ligand competition was used for this speciation study. The metal data, in conjunction with physical and nutrient data, were used to assess the biogeochemical processes controlling the distribution and speciation of the trace metals in the lake and their seasonal variation. Thermodynamic calculations were used to assess the dissolved trace metal speciation and the saturation state of metal-sulphide phases. The development of anoxia in the lake had an important influence on the redox speciation of dissolved Cr, with Cr(III) forming the major Cr species under anoxic conditions. Cobalt showed enhanced concentrations in the hypolimnion during anoxia, coinciding with enhanced Fe and Mn levels. Dissolved Cu, Ni, and Zn concentrations in the hypolimnion decreased during anoxia, which could possibly be explained by particle scavenging (iron sulphides) and a decline in hypolimnetic supply as the season develops. Regeneration processes of sunken organic detritus on the sediment-water interface were the most likely causes for enhanced hypolimnetic concentrations of Ni, Cu, and Zn, during periods when the lake was completely oxic. Substantial organic Ni and Cu complexation was observed in Esthwaite Water, which was attributed to the eutrophic character of the lake. Between 25 and 80 of the dissolved Ni in Esthwaite Water was strongly complexed by natural ligands. The highest proportions of Ni complexation were observed in the epilimnion and hypolimnion, with a minimum in the thermocline. Strong Cu complexing ligands were observed in the lake, with dissolved ligand concentrations between 6.8 and 29.4 nM and conditional stability constants between 10 11.1 and 10 14.4. More than 94 of the dissolved Cu in Esthwaite Water was complexed by the natural ligands. Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00316-5
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  • 9
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    Automated monitoring of Ni, Cu and Zn in the Irish Sea (1996)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Pollution Bulletin, 32 (6). pp. 471-479.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-03
    Description: The distributions of Ni, Cu and Zn have been monitored in the Irish Sea using fully automated voltammetric instrumentation and collection of seawater by underway pumping. The continuous real-time measurements provided high resolution data with a minimum risk of sample contamination. The surveys showed that the River Mersey was a significant contributor of Ni, Cu and Zn to the eastern Irish Sea and that the trace metal distribution was consistent with an anti-clockwise residual water movement in the eastern Irish Sea. The automated instrumentation is very useful for monitoring requirements for environmental impact assessments and can provide high resolution trace metal data for marine modelling purposes.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Automated voltammetric system for shipboard determination of metal speciation in sea water (1994)
    Elsevier
    In:  Analytica Chimica Acta, 284 (3). pp. 463-471.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-03
    Description: An automated and semi-intelligent voltammetric system is described for trace metal analysis. The system consists of a voltammeter interfaced with a personal computer, a sample changer, 2 peristaltic pumps, a motor burette and a hanging mercury drop electrode. The system carries out fully automatically approximately 5 metal determinations per hour (including at least 3 repetitive scans and calibration by standard addition) at trace levels encountered in clean sea water. The computer program decides what level of standard addition to use and evaluates the data prior to switching to the next sample. Alternatively, the system can be used to carry out complexing ligand titrations with copper whilst recording the labile copper concentration; in this mode up to 8 full titrations are carried out per day. Depth profiles for chromium speciation in the Mediterranean Sea and a profile for copper complexing ligand concentrations in the North Atlantic Ocean measured on board-ship with the system are presented. The chromium speciation was determined using a new method to differentiate between Cr(III) and Cr(VI) utilizing adsorption of Cr(III) on silica particles.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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