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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Single-Photon Detection for Data Communication and Quantum Systems. (2022)
    Bristol :Institute of Physics Publishing,
    Details
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: This book shows the progress of integrated (thick) CMOS SPADs towards high photon detection probabilities and applications such as in low-cost consumer data communication and high-end single-photon counting for quantum applications. New research is introduced and comprehensively detailed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (210 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780750343794
    Series Statement: IOP Series in Advances in Optics, Photonics and Optoelectronics Series
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=31253134
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Author biographies -- Michael Hofbauer -- Kerstin Schneider-Hornstein -- Horst Zimmermann -- Symbols -- Chapter 1 Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) -- 1.1 Basics and properties -- Optical absorption and photogeneration -- Drift and diffusion -- Width of the space-charge region and capacitance -- Impact ionisation -- Breakdown voltage -- Geiger mode -- 1.2 Discrete dedicated SPADs -- 1.2.1 Dedicated SPADs -- 1.2.2 Silicon Photomultipliers -- 1.3 SPADs integrated into CMOS and BiCMOS -- 1.3.1 Thin SPADs -- 1.3.2 Thick SPADs -- 1.4 A model for photon detection probability -- References -- Chapter 2 Photon-counting modules -- 2.1 Quenching -- 2.1.1 Passive quenching -- 2.1.2 Advanced passive quenching -- 2.1.3 Active quenching -- 2.2 PCMs using discrete circuits -- 2.3 PCMs using integrated circuits -- References -- Chapter 3 Advanced quenching and gating of integrated SPADs -- 3.1 Advanced quenching -- 3.1.1 Single-supply-voltage quenching circuit -- 3.1.2 Double-supply-voltage quenching circuit -- 3.1.3 Triple-supply-voltage quenching circuits -- 3.1.4 Quadruple-supply-voltage quenching circuit -- 3.2 Gating -- 3.2.1 Gating circuit -- 3.2.2 Advanced gating circuit -- References -- Chapter 4 SPAD receivers for data communications -- 4.1 Modeling of receiver bit error ratio -- 4.2 Fiber receivers -- 4.3 Optical wireless communications experiments with SPAD receivers -- References -- Chapter 5 SPADs in quantum applications -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors -- 5.2.1 Key parameters of a single-photon detector -- 5.2.2 A comparison of SPADs and SNSPDs -- 5.3 Quantum key distribution -- 5.3.1 One-time pad -- 5.3.2 BB84 protocol -- 5.3.3 Ekert protocol -- 5.3.4 Quantum random number generator -- 5.3.5 Requirements for single-photon detectors in QKD -- 5.4 Photonic quantum simulation. , 5.4.1 Quantum walk -- 5.4.2 Boson sampling -- 5.4.3 Requirements for single-photon detectors in quantum simulation -- 5.5 Photonic quantum computing -- 5.5.1 Requirements for quantum computers -- 5.5.2 Qubit -- 5.5.3 Photonic two-input gates -- 5.5.4 Cluster states -- 5.5.5 Requirements for single-photon detectors in quantum computing -- 5.6 Ghost imaging -- 5.6.1 Requirements for single-photon detectors in ghost imaging -- 5.7 Super-resolution microscopy -- 5.7.1 Single-molecule localization microscopy -- 5.7.2 Super-resolution quantum microscopy -- 5.7.3 Requirements for single-photon detectors in super-resolution microscopy -- References.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Silicon Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits. (2019)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Details
    Keywords: Integrated circuits-Design and construction. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (456 pages)
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9783030058227
    Series Statement: Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics Series ; v.13
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=5660208
    DDC: 621.3815
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Contents -- About the Author -- Symbols -- 1 Basics and Theory -- 1.1 Basics of Optical Absorption -- 1.1.1 Photons and Their Properties -- 1.1.2 Optical Absorption of Important Semiconductor Materials -- 1.1.3 Photogeneration -- 1.2 Semiconductor Equations -- 1.3 Important Models for Photodetectors -- 1.3.1 Carrier Drift -- 1.3.2 Carrier Diffusion -- 1.3.3 Quantum Efficiency and Responsivity -- 1.3.4 Equivalent Circuit of a Photodiode -- References -- 2 Integrated Silicon Photodetectors -- 2.1 Integrated Detectors in Bipolar Technology -- 2.1.1 Bipolar Processes -- 2.1.2 Integrated Detectors in Standard Bipolar Technology -- 2.1.3 Integrated Detectors in Modified Bipolar Technology -- 2.2 CMOS-Integrated Photodetectors -- 2.2.1 One-Well CMOS Processes -- 2.2.2 Twin-Well CMOS Processes -- 2.2.3 Triple-Well CMOS Processes -- 2.2.4 Integrated Detectors in Standard CMOS Processes -- 2.2.5 Spatially-Modulated-Light Detector -- 2.2.6 PIN Photodiode -- 2.2.7 Charge-Coupled-Device Image Sensors -- 2.2.8 Active-Pixel Sensors -- 2.2.9 Amorphous-Silicon Detectors -- 2.2.10 CMOS-Integrated Bipolar Phototransistors -- 2.2.11 Photonic Mixer Device -- 2.2.12 Avalanche Photodiodes -- 2.2.13 Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes -- 2.3 BiCMOS-Integrated Detectors -- 2.3.1 BiCMOS Processes -- 2.3.2 BiCMOS-Integrated Photodiodes -- References -- 3 Detectors in Thin Crystalline Silicon Films -- 3.1 Photodiodes in Silicon-on-Insulator -- 3.2 Silicon on Sapphire -- 3.3 Polyimide Bonding -- References -- 4 SiGe Photodetectors -- 4.1 Heteroepitaxial Growth -- 4.2 Absorption Coefficient of SiGe Alloys -- 4.3 SiGe/Si PIN Hetero-Bipolar-Transistor Integration -- References -- 5 Design of Integrated Optical Receiver Circuits -- 5.1 Circuit Simulators and Transistor Models. , 5.2 Layout and Verification Tools -- 5.3 Design of OEICs -- 5.4 Transimpedance Amplifier -- 5.4.1 Frequency Response -- 5.4.2 Phase and Group Delay -- 5.4.3 Stability and Compensation -- 5.4.4 Bandwidth of Transistor Transimpedance Amplifier Circuit -- 5.4.5 Bandwidth Limit of Integrated Transimpedance Amplifiers -- 5.4.6 New π-Model for Integrated Transimpedance Amplifier -- 5.4.7 Shunt-Shunt Feedback -- 5.4.8 Input and Output Resistance -- 5.4.9 Noise and Sensitivity -- 5.4.10 Poisson Statistics and Quantum Limit -- References -- 6 Examples of Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits -- 6.1 Digital CMOS Circuits -- 6.1.1 Synchronous Circuits -- 6.1.2 Asynchronous Circuits -- 6.2 Digital BiCMOS Circuits -- 6.3 Laser Driver Circuits -- 6.4 Analog Circuits -- 6.4.1 Bipolar Circuits -- 6.4.2 Two-Dimensional CMOS Imagers -- 6.4.3 Optical Distance Measurement Circuits -- 6.4.4 3D Sensors with Photodiodes in Standard CMOS -- 6.4.5 3D Sensors with PIN Photodiodes -- 6.4.6 3D Sensors with SPADs -- 6.4.7 Smart Pixel Sensors -- 6.4.8 CMOS Optical Sensors -- 6.4.9 BiCMOS Optical Sensors -- 6.4.10 Sensors Using Single-Photon Detection -- 6.4.11 CMOS Circuits for Optical Storage Systems -- 6.4.12 BiCMOS Circuits for Optical Storage Systems -- 6.4.13 Continuous-Mode Fiber Receivers -- 6.4.14 Receiver for Wireless Infrared Communication -- 6.4.15 OWC Receivers and Experiments with Visible Light -- 6.4.16 Hybrid Receivers -- 6.4.17 Speed Enhancement Techniques -- 6.4.18 Plastic-Optical-Fiber Receivers -- 6.4.19 Burst-Mode Optical Receivers -- 6.4.20 Deep-Sub-m Receivers -- 6.4.21 Receivers Aiming Towards the Quantum Limit -- 6.4.22 Comparison of Fiber Receivers -- 6.4.23 Special Circuits -- 6.5 Summary -- References -- 7 Circuits for Electronic-Photonic Integration -- 7.1 3D-Integration Technologies -- 7.1.1 Copper Pillar Connection -- 7.1.2 Through Oxide Vias. , 7.1.3 Through Silicon Vias -- 7.2 Optical Switch -- 7.3 Optical Transceiver -- 7.4 Sensor for Optical Tomography -- 7.5 Sensor for 3D Microimaging -- References -- Index.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optical Communication over Plastic Optical Fibers : Integrated Optical Receiver Technology. (2012)
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Details
    Keywords: Plastic optical fibers. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Presenting the basics and also the cutting-edge of high-data-rate transmission via plastic optical fibers, this book is a key contribution to the literature on multilevel communication, and features detailed circuit diagrams and accessibly presented results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (156 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783642303883
    Series Statement: Springer Series in Optical Sciences Series ; v.172
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=3071049
    DDC: 621.38275
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Optical Communication over Plastic Optical Fibers -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Symbols -- Acronyms -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Multilevel Signaling -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Multilevel Signaling and Channel Capacity -- 2.3 Optimum Number of PAM Levels -- 2.4 M-PAM Symbol Error Rate -- 2.5 Bit Error Rate for Binary Signals -- 2.6 M-PAM Generation and Decoding -- 2.6.1 M-PAM Generation -- 2.6.2 M-PAM Decoding -- 2.7 DC Balance Code -- 2.8 Multilevel Signaling Related Work -- 3 Equalization Techniques -- 3.1 Passive Equalizer -- 3.2 Active Equalizer -- 3.2.1 Source Degeneration -- 3.2.2 Differential Source Degeneration Adjustable Equalizer -- 3.2.3 Inductive Load Amplifier -- 3.3 Filter Implementation Using Transversal and Lattice Structures -- 3.4 Linear Equalization -- 3.4.1 Continuous Time FIR Filter Implementation -- 3.4.2 Discrete Time FIR Filter Implementation -- 3.5 Equalization Algorithms -- 3.6 Adaptive Equalization -- 3.6.1 Continuous Time Adaptive Equalizer -- 3.6.2 Discrete Time Adaptive Equalizer -- 3.7 Nonlinear Equalization -- 3.7.1 Decision Feedback Equalizers (DFE) -- 3.7.2 MLSE Nonlinear Equalization -- 3.8 Performance Comparison of Equalization Methods -- 4 High-Speed Transmission over Step-Index PMMA Plastic Optical Fibers -- 4.1 Why Large-Core PMMA POF? -- 4.2 POF Main Applications -- 4.3 Characteristics of Step-Index PMMA POF -- 4.3.1 POF Frequency Response and Bandwidth -- 4.3.2 POF Bending Loss -- 4.3.3 POF Coupling Loss -- 4.4 Light Sources for PMMA POF -- 4.4.1 Light Source Modulation -- 4.4.2 Laser Diode Modulation -- 4.4.3 Laser Nonlinearity -- 4.5 Minimizing the Effects of POF Modal Dispersion -- 4.6 State of the Art for Transmission over Standard PMMA SI-POF -- 4.6.1 Without Using Equalization -- 4.6.2 By Using Equalization -- 5 Integrated Photodiode -- 5.1 Optical Absorption. , 5.2 Photodiode Responsivity -- 5.3 Quantum Efficiency -- 5.4 Carrier Drift and Diffusion -- 5.5 PIN Photodiode Capacitance -- 5.6 Photodiode Speed -- 5.7 Structure of the Implemented Photodiode -- 6 Transimpedance Amplifier -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Transimpedance Amplifier -- 6.3 Shunt-Shunt Feedback TIA -- 6.3.1 Frequency Response -- 6.3.2 TIA Noise Analysis -- 6.3.3 TIA with Common-Emitter Input Stage -- 6.3.4 TIA with Common-Source Input Stage -- 6.3.5 Multistage Inverter Based CMOS TIA -- 6.4 Common-Base/Gate Input Stage -- 6.5 Regulated-Cascode TIA -- 6.6 Inverter Based Common-Drain Feedback TIA -- 6.7 TIA with Gain Control -- 6.8 Post Amplifier -- 6.8.1 Limiting Amplifier -- 6.8.2 AGC Amplifier -- 6.9 Dynamic Range -- 7 Integrated Optical Receiver and Multilevel Transmission over PMMA SI-POF -- 7.1 Optical Receiver with 622MHz Bandwidth -- 7.1.1 Circuit Description -- 7.1.2 Experimental Results -- 7.1.3 Gigabit Transmission over SI-POF -- 7.1.4 1Gbit/s over 20m POF -- 7.2 Optical Receiver with 200MHz Bandwidth -- 7.2.1 Experimental Results -- 7.2.2 500Mbit/s Transmission over SI-POF -- 7.3 High Linearity Optical Receiver with 112MHz Bandwidth -- 7.3.1 Circuit Description -- 7.3.2 Experimental Results -- 7.3.3 500Mbit/s Transmission over 40m SI-POF -- 7.3.4 400Mbit/s Transmission over 50m POF -- 7.3.5 170Mbit/s Transmission over 115m SI-POF -- 8 Equalizer Implementations for SI-POF -- 8.1 Equalized Giga-Bit Transmission over SI-POF -- 8.2 Fully Integrated Optical Receiver Containing an Equalizer -- 8.2.1 The Integrated SI-POF Equalizer -- 8.2.2 Experimental Results for Two-Stage Equalizer -- 8.2.3 Experimental Results for Single-Stage Equalizer -- 8.3 Summary of Integrated Optical Receivers -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- About the Authors -- Index.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Integrated Silicon Optoelectronics. (2000)
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Details
    Keywords: Optoelectronic devices. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (338 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783662040188
    Series Statement: Springer Series in Photonics Series ; v.3
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6307287
    DDC: 621.381/045
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nicht-marktbezogene Umweltinnovation und ihr Bezug zu umweltpolitischen Instrumenten : Abschlußbericht zum Teilprojekt des Forschungsverbundes Innovative Wirkungen umweltpolitischer Instrumente (1997)
    Marburg : Univ., Abt. Finanzwissenschaft
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Description / Table of Contents: Environmental policy, environmental protection, financial aspects, environmantal innovation
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 212 p. = 780 kB, text and images
    Edition: [Electronic ed.]
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e001/235785946.pdf
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e001/235785946l.pdf
    Language: German , English
    Note: nIndex , Contract No.: BMBF 07 OWI 05 , Differences between the printed and electronic version of the document are possible
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Entwicklung von OEICs für ein Digitales-Video-Disk-System : Abschlußbericht (2000)
    Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 180 p. = 4,59 Mb., text and images , Ill., graphics
    Edition: [Elektronische Ressource]
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e001/322947448.pdf
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e001/322947448l.pdf
    Language: German
    Note: Contract BMBF 01 BS 604/5. - Differences between the printed and electronic version of the document are possible. - nIndex p. 171 - 174. - nBibliography , Also available as printed version , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Entwicklung von adaptiven Schwingungstilgern für die Automobilanwendung MAGAUTO : Entwicklung von sensorischen und adaptiven Systemen auf Basis von Elastomeren mit magnetischen Nanopartikeln ; zur Aussschreibung des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung zum Thema „Magnetische Mikro- und Nanotechnologien“ innerhalb des Rahmenprogramms „Mikrosysteme“ und des Förderprogramms „IKT 2020“ ; Abschlussbericht F_T610_AD ; (Zeitraum: Juli 2009 - Juni 2013) (2013)
    Kassel : WEGU GmbH Schwingungsdämpfung
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 20 S., 1.616 KB) , Ill., graph. Darst.
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb14/779675975.pdf
    URL: https://doi.org/10.2314/GBV:779675975
    DOI: 10.2314/GBV:779675975
    Language: German
    Note: Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Förderkennzeichen BMBF 16SV3760. - Verbund-Nr. 01068117. - Engl. Berichtsbl. u.d.T.: Development of adaptive dampers by the integration of magnetic active elastomers , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader. , Zsfassung in dt. u. engl. Sprache
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of tricyclo[5.3.0.02,8]deca-3,5-dien-9-one. A new entry to the C10H10 manifold (1987)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 52 (1987), S. 2644-2653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00389a003
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN EXTENSIVE FRAMEWORK OF COSTS AND BENEFITS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Papers in regional science 38 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1977.tb00991.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An extensive framework of costs and benefits for the analysis of urban development strategies (1977)
    Springer
    Papers in regional science 38 (1977), S. 55-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01933512
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