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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 66 (1987), S. 653-658 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Joint angle sense ; Inclination sense ; Gravitational torque ; Proprioception
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two experiments were performed to determine if proprioceptive signals are perceived more readily in terms of limb segment inclinations to the vertical than as joint angles. Subjects attempted to match arm positions with the upper arms supported at different inclinations. Constant error data showed that, when instructed to match forearm inclinations to the vertical, subjects were very accurate. When required to match elbow joint angles, however, errors were strongly biased in the direction of matching forearm inclinations. The results support a view of proprioception as a system in which afferent signals related to the gravitational torques acting at joints lead to the perception of limb orientation rather than joint angles. Such a system would allow more efficient determination of the relationship of limb segments to external objects than would one based purely on joint angles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 61 (1985), S. 38-42 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Joint angle sense ; Gravitational torque ; Proprioception
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An experiment is reported which examined whether gravitational torque acting about a joint is used by the CNS in elbow joint angle matching. Subjects were required to match the joint angles of their two limbs while the external torques acting about each elbow were systematically varied. It was found that when the matching limb was differentially loaded, the error in the produced reference angle corresponded to the directional prediction of a proposed gravitational torque hypothesis. The data suggest that torque sensation is an accessory source of information in limb positioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 165-172 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Force production ; Parkinson's disease ; Force preparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This experiment examined the preparation and the production of isometric force in Parkinson's disease (PD). PD patients, elderly, and young subjects generated force levels that were a percentage of their maximum (15, 30, 45, and 60%). Subjects were cued on the upcoming target force level and they were asked to produce the required response as fast as possible. PD patients showed a similar progression of force variability and dispersion of peak forces to that of control subjects, implying they have an accurate “internal model” of the required forces. Force production impairments were seen, however, at the within-trial level. PD patients had more irregular force-time curves that were characterized by changes in the rate of force production. The results suggest a more “noisy” output from the motor system and an inability to produce smooth forces. PD patients were also substantially slower in initiating a force production and the delay was localized in the pre-motor reaction time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 236 (1989), S. 174-176 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Motor preparation ; Hemi-parkinsonism ; Motor programming ; Bimanual control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Reaction times and movement times were recorded in a subject with parkinsonian symptoms confined largely to the left side of the body. Advance information concerning the movement was varied, being with complete, partial or no preparation. The results suggest that processing of preparation for the movement is not qualitatively different for the more affected side, but is substantially slowed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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