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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clarithromycin Dual Therapy Regimens for Eradication of Helicobacter pylori: A Review (1997)
    Cambridge, MA, USA : Blackwell Science, Inc.
    Helicobacter 2 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Peptic ulcer disease can be cured by eradication of Helicobacter pylori during treatment to heal the ulcer. Dual therapy regimens were among the first to be granted approval for use. Reports of dual therapies including clarithromycin as the sole antibiotic are reviewed.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods.Reports were identified from literature up to May 1997. Information reviewed included patient population, medical diagnosis, trial design, eradication regimens, and H. pylori eradication rates. The great diversity between studies limits formal meta-analysis but a measure of relative efficacy has been obtained by comparsion of eradication rates derived by clearly defined methods and by pooling data.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results.Seventy-five reports of trials with 104 dual therapy treatment arms were reviewed. H. pylori eradication rates reported with ranitidine bismuth citrate plus clarithromycin range from 70–96% with a pooled observed rate of 85%. With omeprazole plus clarithromycin, reported eradication rates range from 27–90% with the pooled reported rate being 66%. Few data are available with either lansoprazole or ranitidine hydrochloride plus clarithromycin.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion.High H. pylori eradication rates derived by consistent and clearly defined methods have been seen with ranitidine bismuth citrate plus clarithromycin. Lower and more variable rates are reported with clarithromycin and either a proton pump inhibitor or a histamine H2-receptor antagonist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.1997.tb00081.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate Can Help to Overcome Helicobacter pylori Resistance to Clarithromycin In Vivo (2000)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Helicobacter 5 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Helicobacter pylori eradication usually fails when clarithromycin is used against resistant strains.Objective. The objective of this study was to test whether the apparent synergy found in vitro between ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) and clarithromycin also exists in vivo against resistant strains.Methods. H. pylori was cultured and clarithromycin susceptibility was determined before and after treatment, from duodenal ulcer patients receiving RBC and clarithromycin or omeprazole and clarithromycin for 2 weeks in a multicenter randomized clinical trial.Results. The overall eradication rate was 88.7% in the RBC group (71 patients) and 52.7% in the omeprazole group (74 patients). The demographic characteristics of the two groups were not different. Clarithromycin-resistant strains were isolated in 22 cases (15.1%). A difference between the eradication rates of susceptible and resistant strains was found in the omeprazole group but not in the RBC group. After treatment, resistance to clarithromycin developed in three of the seven strains (42.3%) cultured from the patients of the RBC group, compared with 11 of the 26 strains (42%) of the omeprazole group. That is, clarithromycin-resistant strains were found in 6% and 27% in the RBC group and the omeprazole group, respectively, on considering the global results.Conclusion. A synergy between RBC and clarithromycin may exist in vivo and, while clarithromycin resistance is increasing, it is an argument for using RBC in triple therapies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5378.2000.00034.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate in Significantly Reducing the Emergence of Helicobacter pylori Strains Resistant to Antibiotics (1997)
    Cambridge, MA, USA : Blackwell Science, Inc.
    Helicobacter 2 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was carried out to investigate the clinical observation that the emergence of antibiotic resistance can be reduced in Helicobacter pylori if agents are administered in combination with bismuth salts.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Materials and Methods.Two H. pylori clinical isolates were grown on chocolate Columbia agar containing either ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) at one-half lethal concentration (8 μg/ml) or no drug control for 22 subcultures. After 1, 5, 8, 14, 17, and 22 subcultures, the emergence of antibiotic resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin, and streptomycin was calculated and statistically analyzed.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results.Acquisition of resistance to metronidazole was reduced significantly for both strains (p = .007 and 0.014) and for one strain against clarithromycin (p = .037). However, spontaneous emergence of resistance to streptomycin was not altered significantly. In an analysis of the effect of long-term exposure of the isolates to RBC, susceptibility to bismuth was unaltered in one strain and had risen by only twofold in the other at experiment termination.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion.RBC significantly decreased resistance acquisition in an inherently sensitive strain and also decreased resistance emergence in a strain that readily became metronidazole-resistant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.1997.tb00052.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of Fatigue on the Shear Bond Strength of Resin Bonded to Porcelain (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of prosthodontics 2 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1532-849X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Purpose The objective of this study was to determine whether fatigue cycling affects the shear bond strength of a resin that is initially strongly bonded to porcelain.Materials and Methods Thirty-five disks of a feldspathic/leucite porcelain were fired on a phosphate-bonded investment material. Each disk was etched with hydrofluoric acid and treated with a silane solution and an adhesive. Resin cement composite cylinders were applied to the treated porcelain and light cured. All specimens were stored for 1 week in distilled water at 37°C and then thermocycled for 1000 cycles in water between 2°C and 50°C. Fifteen of the specimens were randomly selected as control specimens. The remaining were subjected to fatigue cycling. A shear load was applied parallel to the bonded surface and cycled in a square wave between 0 and 26 N at 2 Hz for 27,500 cycles. All specimens were fractured in shear at 1.27 mm/min, and the shear bond strength was determined.Results Fifteen percent of fatigued specimens and 6.7% of the control specimens showed at least partial adhesive failure. All other specimens in both groups failed cohesively in the porcelain. There was no significant difference in the mean bond strengths of the fatigued and control groups (analysis of covariance, P 〉 .05).Conclusions For the conditions investigated, cyclic fatigue did not reduce the bond strength of this resin/porcelain system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.1993.tb00392.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE PENICILLIN-BINDING PROTEINS OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE GROWN UNDER LYSIS-PERMISSIVE AND LYSIS-PROTECTIVE (TOLERANT) CONDITIONS (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 7 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1980.tb01591.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enterococcus raffinosus sp. nov., Enterococcus solitarius sp. nov. and Enterococcus pseudoavium sp. nov. (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 57 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Deoxyribonucleic acid base composition, deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization, and biochemical studies were performed on some enterococci from clinical sources of uncertain taxonomic position. Our results indicate that 6 human strains, a single clinical isolate and a strain from bovine mastitis are genetically distinct from each other and all other previously described Enterococcus species and constitute three new species, for which the names Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus solitarius and Enterococcus pseudoavium are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03350.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MUREIN HYDROLASE DEFECT IN THE BETA LACTAM TOLERANT MUTANTS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 7 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1980.tb01592.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of penicillin-binding proteins in penicillin-treated Streptococcus pneumoniae (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 22 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1984.tb00745.x
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