Keywords:
Planets -- Crust.
;
Lithosphere.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
Treatise on Geophysics: Crust and Lithosphere Dynamics, Volume 6, provides a comprehensive review of the state of knowledge on crust and lithosphere dynamics, which is defined as the study of how the outermost layers of the Earth respond to loads that are emplaced on, within, and below it and its implications for plate mechanics and mantle flow. The book begins with a chapter on plate kinematics, which shows how new observations and methodologies have improved the resolution of relative and absolute plate motions. This is followed by studies of plate mechanics, focusing on the long-term rheology of the plates and response of the plates to both relatively short-term and long-term loads. The book also includes chapters that examine the evidence from surface heat flow, borehole breakouts, and magma models for the thermal and mechanical structure of the lithosphere; the deformation of the lithosphere in extensional and compressional settings. The final two chapters deal with the structural styles of faulting in the shallow brittle part of the lithosphere, the brittle-ductile transition, and the shear zone in the ductile part of the lithosphere; and how developments in plate mechanics have impacted our understanding of geological processes. Self-contained volume starts with an overview of the subject then explores each topic with in depth detail Extensive reference lists and cross references with other volumes to facilitate further research Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding Content suited for both the expert and non-expert.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (627 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780444535726
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=965003
DDC:
551
Language:
English
Note:
Cover -- CRUST AND LITHOSPHERE DYNAMICS -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- Editorial Advisory Board -- Chapter 1 An Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Isostasy and 'Steady-State' Equilibrium -- 1.3 The Deformation of the Crust and Lithosphere -- 1.4 Relationship between Load and Plate Age and Rheological Structure -- 1.5 Global Elastic Thickness -- 1.6 Geological Implications -- 1.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics -- Glossary -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Studies of Relative Plate Motions -- 2.3 Intraplate Volcanism -- 2.4 Studies of APMs -- 2.5 Driving Forces of Plate Tectonics -- 2.6 Future Challenges -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 Plate Rheology and Mechanics -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Rock Properties as Derived From Rock Mechanics Data - Conventional Models -- 3.3 Constitutive Models -- 3.4 Uncertainties of Experimental Rheology Laws -- 3.5 Rheology and Structure of the Oceanic Lithosphere -- 3.6 Rheology and Structure of the Continental Lithosphere -- 3.7 Relations between Short-Term and Long-Term Properties -- 3.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgment -- Appendix 1: Flexure of Continental Lithosphere with Multilayered Nonlinear Rheology -- Appendix 2: Thermal Model of the Continental Lithosphere -- References -- Chapter 4 Plate Deformation -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Postglacial Rebound -- 4.3 Continental Plates -- 4.4 Plate Deformation at Subduction Zones -- 4.5 Coseismic and Postseismic Deformation -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 Heat Flow and Thermal Structure of the Lithosphere -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Surface Heat Flux and Heat Transport in the Earth -- 5.3 Oceanic Heat Flux, Topography and Cooling Models -- 5.4 Continental Lithosphere in Steady State -- 5.5 Continental Lithosphere in Transient Thermal Conditions.
,
5.6 Other Geophysical Constraints on the Thermal Regime of the Continental Lithosphere -- 5.7 Conclusions -- Appendix 1: Measurement Techniques -- Appendix 2: Corrections -- Appendix 3: Climatic Effects -- Appendix 4: Physical Properties -- References -- Chapter 6 Lithosphere Stress and Deformation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Global Patterns of Tectonic Stress -- 6.3 Sources of the Lithospheric Stress Field -- 6.4 Absolute Stress Magnitudes and the Critically Stressed Crust -- 6.5 Stress Field Constraints on Lithospheric Deformation -- 6.6 Concluding Remarks -- Appendix 1: Indicators of Contemporary Stress -- References -- Relevant Websites -- Chapter 7 Magmatism, Magma, and Magma Chambers -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Nature of Magma -- 7.3 Crystals in Magma -- 7.4 Magma Chambers -- 7.5 Historical Setting -- 7.6 Initial Conditions of Magmatic Systems -- 7.7 End-Member Magmatic Systems -- 7.8 Lessons Learned from Sudbury and the Ferrar Dolerites -- 7.9 Ocean Ridge Magmatism -- 7.10 Island Arc Magmatism -- 7.11 Solidification Front Differentiation Processes -- 7.12 Magmatic Systems -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8 Dynamic Processes in Extensional and Compressional Settings: The Dynamics of Continental Breakup and Extension -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Processes Affecting the Dynamics of Continental Extension -- 8.3 High-Angle versus Low-Angle Normal Faults -- 8.4 Pure versus Simple Shear Rifting -- 8.5 Wide versus Narrow Rifts -- 8.6 Dikes versus Stretching to Initiate Rifting -- 8.7 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Chapter 9 Dynamic Processes in Extensional and Compressional Settings - Mountain Building: From Earthquakes to Geological Deformation -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Geodynamical Setting of the Himalaya -- 9.3 Holocene Deformation and Erosion -- 9.4 Longer-Term Geological Deformation and Exhumation.
,
9.5 Kinematic and Mechanical Models of Crustal Deformation -- 9.6 Geodetic Deformation and the Seismic Cycle -- 9.7 Discussion -- 9.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10 Fault Mechanics -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Elementary Fault Theory -- 10.3 Fracture Mechanics of Faults -- 10.4 Fault Interactions -- 10.5 Fault Populations -- 10.6 Strain and Faulting -- 10.7 Fault Rocks and Structures -- 10.8 The Strength of Faults -- References -- Chapter 11 Tectonic Models for the Evolution of Sedimentary Basins -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Tectonics of Extensional and Compressional Basins: Concepts and Global-Scale Observations -- 11.3 Rheological Stratification of the Lithosphere and Basin Evolution -- 11.4 Northwestern European Margin: Natural Laboratory for Continental Breakup and Rift Basins -- 11.5 Black Sea Basin: Compressional Reactivation of an Extensional Basin -- 11.6 Modes of Basin (De)formation, Lithospheric Strength, and Vertical Motions in the Pannonian-Carpathian Basin System -- 11.7 The Iberia Microcontinent: Compressional Basins within the Africa-Europe Collision Zone -- 11.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix 1: Dynamic Model for Slow Lithospheric Extension -- Appendix 2: Surface Transport Model -- References.
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