Keywords:
Trees -- Insect resistance -- Congresses.
;
Trees -- Diseases and pests -- Congresses.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
Seals, seabirds, whales and dolphins are at the top of marine food chains: studying their ecology can help identify and monitor changes in wider marine ecosystems. This book examines our current understanding of marine predator ecology and investigates how it can be used in management and conservation of marine habitats.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (394 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780511190650
Series Statement:
Conservation Biology Series ; v.Series Number 12
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=258508
DDC:
333.9164
Language:
English
Note:
Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- REFERENCES -- 2 Effects of fisheries on ecosystems: just another top predator? -- DIRECT EFFECTS OF FISHING -- INDIRECT EFFECTS OF FISHING -- EFFECTS OF APEX PREDATORS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Physical forcing in the southwest Atlantic: ecosystem control -- PHYSICAL VARIABILITY IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN -- IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL COMPONENTS OF THE ECOSYSTEM -- SEA-ICE VARIABILITY IN THE SCOTIA SEA -- SST VARIABILITY AT SOUTH GEORGIA -- SST RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SOUTH GEORGIA AND THE EL NIÑO 4 REGION IN THE PACIFIC -- RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SOUTH GEORGIA SST AND PREDATORS AT BIRD ISLAND -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 4 The use of biologically meaningful oceanographic indices to separate the effects of climate and fisheries on seabird breeding success -- NORTH SEA SEASONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC CYCLE -- VARIABILITY IN THE SPRING BLOOM -- THE SPRING BLOOM AS AN INDICATOR -- OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE STUDY AREA AND REGION-SPECIFIC ONE-DIMENSIONAL PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL MODELLING -- SANDEEL LIFE-HISTORY STAGES AND SEASONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC CYCLE -- THE SANDEEL FISHERY -- SEABIRD BREEDING SUCCESS IS LINKED TO AVAILABILITY OF SANDEELS VIA THE SPRING BLOOM -- TIMING OF STRATIFICATION AND THE SPRING BLOOM IN THE BANK AND SHALLOW SEA FRONT REGIONS -- SEABIRD BREEDING SUCCESS, TIMING OF THE SPRING BLOOM AND THE SANDEEL FISHERY -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Linking predator foraging behaviour and diet with variability in continental shelf ecosystems: grey seals of eastern Canada -- DATA COLLECTION -- DISTRIBUTION -- RESPONSE VARIABLES -- Diving behaviour -- Diet -- Life history -- ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY -- SEALS AS INDICATORS OF ECOSYSTEM STATE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES.
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6 Distribution and foraging interactions of seabirds and marine mammals in the North Sea: multispecies foraging assemblages and habitat-specific feeding strategies -- TOP-PREDATOR COMMUNITY AT SEA -- FORAGING RANGE -- FORAGING-HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS -- FORAGING BEHAVIOUR AND MULTISPECIES FEEDING ASSOCIATIONS (MSFAs) -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 7 Spatial and temporal variation in the diets of polar bears across the Canadian Arctic: indicators of changes in prey populations and environment -- SAMPLE COLLECTION -- VARIATION IN FA COMPOSITION OF POLAR BEARS AND PREY -- QFASA MODELLING AND POLAR BEAR DIETS -- POLAR BEARS AS INDICATORS OF ARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS AT REGIONAL AND CONTINENTAL SCALES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 8 Biophysical influences on seabird trophic assessments -- INDICATOR RESPONSES -- Multispecies assessments -- OCEANOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES ON PREY ABUNDANCE AND AVAILABILITY -- REGIME SHIFTS -- Food-web shift in the northwest Atlantic -- FOCAL FORAGE SPECIES -- THERMAL HABITATS -- SYNOPTIC COLONY- AND VESSEL-BASED RESEARCH -- MAXIMIZING INFORMATION FROM TOP PREDATORS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 9 Consequences of prey distribution for the foraging behaviour of top predators -- CURRENT USE OF BEHAVIOURAL MEASURES -- PREDATOR ECOLOGY AND CONSTRAINTS ON FORAGING -- USING BEHAVIOURAL MEASURES TO MONITOR PREY DISTRIBUTION -- MEASURING THE DISTRIBUTION OF PREY IN THE WATER COLUMN -- PREY DISPERSAL AND THE ORGANIZATION OF DIVING -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 10 Identifying drivers of change: did fisheries play a role in the spread of North Atlantic fulmars? -- POPULATION CHANGES IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC FULMAR -- INVESTIGATING THE DRIVING FORCES UNDERLYING HISTORICAL CHANGES IN ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION -- Foraging ecology and diet composition -- Individual based studies of reproductive success and survival.
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Use of proxies to explore historical ecological change -- DID FISHERIES PLAY A ROLE IN THE SPREAD OF NORTH ATLANTIC FULMARS? -- REFERENCES -- 11 Monitoring predator-prey interactions using multiple predator species: the South Georgia experience -- ACHIEVEMENTS, LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES -- Detection of change -- Relating predator data to changes in prey -- Prey abundance-availability relationships -- Distinguishing changes due to harvesting and those due to environmental variability -- Relating predator data to changes in population size -- Challenges and opportunities for the future -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 12 Impacts of oceanography on the foraging dynamics of seabirds in the North Sea -- NORTH SEA OCEANOGRAPHY AND PRODUCTIVITY -- IMPACT OF OCEAN PHYSICS ON NORTH SEA SEABIRD PREY -- IMPACT OF OCEAN PHYSICS ON NORTH SEA SEABIRDS -- Surface-feeding species -- Mid-water divers -- Benthic divers -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 13 Foraging energetics of North Sea birds confronted with fluctuating prey availability -- Time-activity/energy budgets -- Sensitivity analysis -- Potential responses to decreased sandeel availability -- Responses relating to time and energy -- Food responses -- Further potential responses -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 14 How many fish should we leave in the sea for seabirds and marine mammals? -- BIOENERGETICS CONSIDERATIONS -- PREY ABUNDANCE REQUIREMENTS OF TOP PREDATORS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 15 Does the prohibition of industrial fishing for sandeels have any impact on local gadoid populations? -- TESTS OF THE HYPOTHESES -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 16 Use of gannets to monitor prey availability in the northeast Atlantic Ocean: colony size, diet and foraging behaviour -- TRIP DURATIONS, AND FORAGING RANGES AND BEHAVIOUR AT SEA.
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TRIP DURATION, COLONY SIZE AND PER-CAPITA PREY AVAILABILITY -- ANNUAL VARIATION IN TRIP DURATION, FORAGING LOCATION AND DIET AT A SINGLE COLONY -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 17 Population dynamics of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at South Georgia: sampling with predators provides new insights -- VARIABILITY IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN -- A SUITABLE SAMPLER -- KRILL ABUNDANCE AND POPULATION DYNAMICS -- KRILL DEMOGRAPHY REVISITED -- DRIVERS OF KRILL VARIABILITY -- PREDATORS AS SAMPLERS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 18 The functional response of generalist predators and its implications for the monitoring of marine ecosystems -- FUNCTIONAL RESPONSES, ENERGY INTAKE AND PREDATOR PERFORMANCE -- INVERSE INFERENCE AND UNCERTAINTY -- IMPLICATIONS FOR ECOSYSTEM MONITORING -- UNDERSTANDING THE GENERALIST PREDATOR'S ROLE IN AN ECOSYSTEM -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 19 The method of multiple hypotheses and the decline of Steller sea lions in western Alaska -- POPULATION BIOLOGY OF THE STELLER SEA LION -- RELEVANT FISHERIES -- OTHER MARINE MAMMALS -- COMPETING HYPOTHESES -- H1 to H3: food limitation hypotheses -- H4 to H6: 'Junk-food' hypotheses -- H7 and H8: fishery-related mortality hypotheses -- H9 and H10: predation-mortality hypotheses -- THE APPROACH -- SOURCES OF DATA -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 20 Modelling the behaviour of individuals and groups of animals foraging in heterogeneous environments -- FOUNDATIONS -- EXPLOITING A PATCHY ENVIRONMENT -- FEEDING ON PARTICLES OF FOOD -- MODELLING THE DIVING SEABIRD -- DIVING AND ASCENDING -- FEEDING -- RECOVERING, WAITING AND PROVISIONING -- ENDING FEEDING AND STARTING TO DIVE -- RULES FOR DECISIONS -- FEEDING ON PARTICULATE FOOD -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES.
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21 The Scenario Barents Sea study: a case of minimal realistic modelling to compare management strategies for marine ecosyste -- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND -- THE PRESENT SCENARIO BARENTS SEA MODEL -- Overview -- Recruitment and yearly dynamics -- MIGRATION AND MONTHLY DYNAMICS -- Predation -- Management -- DISCUSSION -- Current management -- Fish -- Minke whaling -- Harp sealing -- Management issues -- Modelling considerations -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 22 Setting management goals using information from predators -- GENERIC GOALS FOR HIGHER TROPHIC LEVELS -- MANAGING DIRECT EFFECTS ON POPULATIONS -- MANAGING INDIRECT EFFECTS -- Accounting for indirect effects in assessments of target species -- Managing indirect effects directly -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 23 Marine reserves and higher predators -- MODELLING APPROACHES -- MARINE RESERVES -- CAN RESERVES BE BENEFICIAL FOR HIGHLY MOBILE ANIMALS? -- MARINE PREDATORS -- PREDATOR DIVERSITY HOTSPOTS -- SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONFLICTS -- RESERVE NETWORKS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 24 Marine management: can objectives be set for marine top predators? -- OBJECTIVES FOR TOP PREDATORS -- ECOLOGICAL QUALITY OBJECTIVES (EcoQOs) -- FURTHER OBJECTIVES IN EUROPEAN SEAS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Index.
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