Schlagwort(e):
Ecology.
;
Electronic books.
Materialart:
Online-Ressource
Seiten:
1 online resource (322 pages)
Ausgabe:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9789811690280
Serie:
Ecological Research Monographs
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6977621
DDC:
333.7360951
Sprache:
Englisch
Anmerkung:
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I: Overview of Aeolian Desertification -- Chapter 1: Definition of Aeolian Desertification and Its Implications -- 1.1 Concept of Aeolian Desertification and Its Development -- 1.1.1 Formulation of the Term ``Desertification´´ -- 1.1.2 The Term ``Aeolian Desertification´´ and Its Development -- 1.2 Scope of Research on Aeolian Desertification -- 1.3 Index System of Aeolian Desertification Monitoring -- 1.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Environmental and Ecological Setting in Northeast Asia -- 2.1 Climate of Mongolia -- 2.1.1 Observed Climate Change and Its Future Scenarios in Mongolia -- 2.2 Climate in Northern China -- 2.2.1 Atmospheric Circulation Regimes Over Northern China -- 2.2.1.1 East Asian Monsoon -- 2.2.1.2 North Branch of the Westerly in East Asia -- 2.2.1.3 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Monsoon -- 2.2.2 Climate Characteristics in Northern China -- 2.2.2.1 Infrequent Precipitation with Great Variability -- 2.2.2.2 Large Temperature Variations -- 2.2.2.3 Strong Winds and Frequent Sand-Dust Weather -- 2.3 Land Cover and Land Use in Northern China -- 2.3.1 Basic Terrain Structure -- 2.3.1.1 Two Great Plateaus -- 2.3.1.2 Two Major Basins -- 2.3.2 Hydrology and Water Resource Features -- 2.3.2.1 Runoff Depth Distribution in Northern China -- 2.3.2.2 Rivers in Northern China -- Rivers in Arid Regions -- Rivers in Semiarid Regions -- 2.3.2.3 Lakes in Northern China -- 2.3.2.4 Groundwater in Northern China -- 2.3.3 Vegetation Components and Their Distribution -- 2.3.4 Soil Characteristics in Northern China -- 2.4 Land Cover and Land Use in Mongolia -- 2.4.1 Land Cover and Its Change -- 2.4.2 Land Use and Land Use Change in Mongolia -- References -- Chapter 3: Spatial Distribution and Temporal Dynamics of Aeolian Desertification -- 3.1 Introduction.
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3.2 Aeolian Desertification in Northern China Over the Past Five Decades -- 3.2.1 The Spatial Distribution of Aeolian Desertification in Northern China -- 3.2.2 The Temporal Dynamics of Aeolian Desertification in Northern China Since the 1950s -- 3.3 Aeolian Desertification in Mongolia -- 3.3.1 Distribution and Origin of Aeolian Sands -- 3.3.2 Aeolian Desertification in Mongolia -- References -- Chapter 4: Driving Factors of Aeolian Desertification -- 4.1 Natural Features of Aeolian Desertification -- 4.1.1 Climate Characteristics -- 4.1.2 Hydrological Characteristics -- 4.1.3 Soil Characteristics -- 4.1.4 Vegetation Characteristics -- 4.2 Climatic Driving Force of Aeolian Desertification -- 4.2.1 Historic Climate Change and Its Impact on Aeolian Desertification -- 4.2.2 Recent and Future Climate Change in Northern China -- 4.3 Anthropogenic Mechanism of Aeolian Desertification -- 4.3.1 Agropastoral Ecotone -- 4.3.2 Pure Pastoral Region -- 4.3.3 Irrigation Oasis Zone in Inland River Basins -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Aeolian Desertification Processes -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Physical Processes of Aeolian Desertification -- 5.2.1 The Formation of Aeolian Landforms -- 5.2.1.1 Wind Erosion Process and Landforms -- 5.2.1.2 Wind Deposition Process and Landforms -- 5.2.2 Physical Processes of Aeolian Desertification Development -- 5.2.2.1 Sand Dune (Sandy Land) Mobilization Process -- 5.2.2.2 Aeolian Desertification of Grassland Shrubs -- 5.2.2.3 Soil-Layer Wind Erosion and Coarsening Process -- 5.2.2.4 Uneven Land-Wind Dissection: The Formation Process of Badland -- 5.3 Biological Processes of Aeolian Desertification -- 5.3.1 Changes in Biodiversity in the Aeolian Desertification Process -- 5.3.2 Soil Function and Microorganism Diversity Change with Restoration -- 5.3.3 Changes in Soil Structure with Restoration.
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5.3.4 Impacts of Land Use/Cover Change on Soil C and Texture -- 5.3.5 Physiological Adaptation of Plants to Different Aeolian Desertified Lands -- 5.4 Human Activity Impacts on the Development and Reversal of Aeolian Desertification -- References -- Chapter 6: Impacts of Aeolian Desertification and Dust Storms on Ecosystems, Economic Development, and Human Health -- 6.1 Aeolian Desertification and Sand-Dust Storms (SDSs) -- 6.1.1 Airborne Soil Particles in Source and Downwind Regions -- 6.1.2 Factors That Cause SDSs -- 6.1.3 Seasonality of SDSs -- 6.1.4 Quantitative Evaluation of Aeolian Desertification by an Erodibility Index -- 6.2 Impacts of Aeolian Desertification on Local Ecosystems -- 6.2.1 Effect of Aeolian Desertification on Terrestrial Ecosystems: An Overview -- 6.2.2 Effect of Wind Erosion on Plants in Northeast Asian Ecosystems -- 6.2.3 Effect of Deposition on Plants in Northeast Asian Ecosystems -- 6.2.4 Effect of Long-Range Transported Sediments on Downwind Asian Ecosystems -- 6.3 Impacts of Aeolian Desertification on Agriculture, Industry, and Transportation -- 6.3.1 Impacts of Aeolian Desertification on Agriculture -- 6.3.2 Impacts of Aeolian Desertification on Industry and Transportation -- 6.4 Impacts of Aeolian Desertification on Human Health in Local and Downwind Regions -- 6.4.1 Overview -- 6.4.2 Impacts of Aeolian Desertification in Local Regions -- 6.4.3 Impacts of Aeolian Desertification in Downwind Regions -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Measures to Combat Aeolian Desertification -- Chapter 7: Goals and Principles for Combating Aeolian Desertification -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Case Study on Aeolian Desertification and Restoration in Minqin Oasis -- 7.2.1 Aeolian Desertification Process in the Minqin Oasis -- 7.2.2 Restoration Process in the Minqin Oasis -- 7.3 Principles for Achieving Sustainable Development.
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7.3.1 Principle 1 Building a Scientific Assessment System -- 7.3.2 Principle 2 Evaluate the Trend, Not the State -- 7.3.3 Principle 3 Balanced Trade-Off Between Livelihood Improvement and Land Restoration -- 7.4 Principles for Achieving the Poverty Eradication Target -- 7.4.1 Principle 1 External Inputs -- 7.4.2 Principle 2 Improving Internal Capacity -- 7.4.3 Principle 3 Periodic Evaluations -- 7.5 Principles for Improving the Land Productivity Target -- 7.5.1 Principle 1 Evaluating Carrying Capacity -- 7.5.2 Principle 2 Improving Land Management -- 7.5.3 Principle 3 Dependence on Science and Technology -- 7.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 8: Engineering Measures to Combat Aeolian Desertification -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Four Forms of EMs -- 8.2.1 Upright EMs and Their Effects -- 8.2.1.1 Sand-Blocking Fence -- 8.2.1.2 Windbreak Wall -- 8.2.1.3 Sand-Prevention Dike -- 8.2.1.4 Sand-Guide Fence -- 8.2.2 Semiupright EMs and Their Effects -- 8.2.3 Flat EMs and Their Effects -- 8.2.4 Buried EMs and Their Function -- 8.3 Main Materials Used in EMs -- 8.3.1 Traditional Materials -- 8.3.2 Synthetic Materials -- 8.4 Chemical Measures -- 8.4.1 Inorganic Chemical Materials -- 8.4.2 Organic Chemical Materials -- 8.4.3 Organic-Inorganic Composite Chemical Sand-Fixing Materials -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Biological Measures to Combat Aeolian Desertification -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Protection of Relic Vegetation -- 9.2.1 National Reserves for Relic Species Protection -- 9.2.1.1 Daqinggou National Natural Forest Reserve -- 9.2.1.2 Urat Equus hemionus and Haloxylon ammodendron Nature Reserve -- 9.3 Construction of the Oasis Forest Shelter Belt -- 9.4 Sandy Area Enclosure for Afforestation and Vegetative Sand Fixation -- 9.4.1 Enclosure for Afforestation -- 9.4.2 Restoration -- 9.4.3 Sand Fixation with Biological Measures -- 9.5 Conclusion.
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References -- Chapter 10: Integrated System to Combat Aeolian Desertification and Disasters -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Integrated System Combating Aeolian Disaster Along a Railway in Shapotou -- 10.2.1 Aeolian and Environmental Characteristics in Shapotou -- 10.2.2 Integrated System Combating Aeolian Disaster Along the Railway in Shapotou -- 10.2.3 Exploration on the Model of Sand Fixation by Plants in Shapotou -- 10.2.4 Effect of an Integrated System Combating Aeolian Disaster Along the Railway in Shapotou -- 10.3 Integrated System Combating Aeolian Disaster at the Top of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang -- 10.3.1 Theoretical Calculation of Sand Transportation in the Gobi -- 10.3.2 Basic Principles of the ISCAD at the Top of Mogao Grottoes -- 10.3.3 Overall Layout and Configuration of the ISCAD on the Top of the Mogao Grottoes -- 10.3.3.1 Upright Sand-Blocking Fence Zone (USBFZ) -- 10.3.3.2 Wheat-Straw Checkerboard Sand-Fixing Barrier Zone (WCSFBZ) -- 10.3.3.3 Sand-Blocking Plant Zone (SBPZ) -- 10.3.3.4 Gravel-Cover Zone (GCZ) -- 10.3.3.5 Blank Zone -- 10.3.4 Effect of the ISCAD on the Top of the Mogao Grottoes -- 10.3.4.1 Change in Sand Deposition Amount in the Grotto Area -- 10.3.4.2 Change in Sand Deposition Amount near the ``A´´-shaped Nylon Fence -- 10.3.4.3 Improved Ecological Environment -- 10.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Land Management Policies for Sand-Dust Storm and Aeolian Desertification in Source Region Countries -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 History of Aeolian Desertification Control in China -- 11.3 Major Ecological Restoration Projects in China -- 11.3.1 Three-North Shelter Forest Project (See Appendix, Point 2) -- 11.3.2 Natural Forest Protection Project (See Appendix, Point 3) -- 11.3.3 Grain for Green Project (See Appendix, Point 4) -- 11.3.4 Returning Grazing Land to Grassland Project (See Appendix, Point 5).
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11.3.5 Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Program (See Appendix, Point 6).
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