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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Protozoa, Pathogenic. ; Protozoan diseases. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (178 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780128216224
    DDC: 616.016
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Cyclospora and Cyclosporiasis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Detection, and Control -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Taxonomy and biology -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 History of discovery and research -- 1.2.1 Cyclospora detected in animals -- 1.2.2 Cyclospora detected in humans -- 1.3 Morphology -- 1.4 Taxonomy -- 1.4.1 Cyclospora glomericola (Schneider, 1881 -- Lainson, 2005) -- 1.4.2 Cyclospora caryolytica (Schaudinn, 1902 -- Tanabe, 1938) -- 1.4.3 Cyclospora viperae (Phisalix, 1923 -- Lainson, 2005) -- 1.4.4 Cyclospora scinci (Phisalix, 1924 -- Lainson, 2005) -- 1.4.5 Cyclospora zamenis (Phisalix, 1924 -- Lainson, 2005) -- 1.4.6 Cyclospora tropidonoti (Phisalix, 1924 -- Lainson, 2005) -- 1.4.7 Cyclospora babaulti (Phisalix, 1924 -- Lainson, 2005) -- 1.4.8 Cyclospora niniae ( Lainson, 1965) -- 1.4.9 Cyclospora ashtabulensis (Ford and Duszynski, 1989) -- 1.4.10 Cyclospora talpae ( Duszynski and Wattam, 1988) -- 1.4.11 Cyclospora sp. ( Duszynski and Wattam, 1988) -- 1.4.12 Cyclospora megacephali ( Ford and Duszynski, 1988) -- 1.4.13 Cyclospora parascalopi (Ford and Duszynski, 1989) -- 1.4.14 Cyclospora angimurinensis (Ford, 1990) -- 1.4.15 Cyclospora cayetanensis (Ortega, 1994) -- 1.4.16 Cyclospora cercopitheci (Eberhard, 1999) -- 1.4.17 Cyclospora colobi (Eberhard, 1999) -- 1.4.18 Cyclospora papionis (Eberhard, 1999) -- 1.4.19 Cyclospora schneideri ( Lainson, 2005) -- 1.4.20 Cyclospora macacae (Li, 2015) -- 1.4.21 Cyclospora duszynskii ( McAllister et al., 2018) -- 1.4.22 Cyclospora yatesi ( McAllister et al., 2018) -- 1.4.23 Some unnamed Cyclospora- like organisms in animals -- 1.5 Life cycle of Cyclospora -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Molecular characteristics -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Molecular characteristics of the main loci. , 2.2.1 Molecular characteristics of C. cayetanensis in human -- 2.2.2 Molecular characteristics of animals source Cyclospora -- 2.3 Genome characteristics -- 2.3.1 Mitochondrial genome -- 2.3.2 Apicoplast genome -- 2.3.3 Chromosome genome -- 2.4 Case-linking and tracking -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Clinical feature -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Clinical features -- 3.2.1 Intestinal infection -- 3.2.2 Extraintestinal infection -- 3.3 Pathological features -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Epidemiology in human and animals -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 C. cayetanensis epidemiology in humans -- 4.2.1 Outbreaks of human cyclosporiasis -- 4.2.2 Investigation -- 4.2.3 Case reports -- 4.3 Susceptible populations and risk factors -- 4.3.1 Human immune state -- 4.3.2 Age -- 4.3.3 Hygiene and sanitary condition -- 4.3.4 Traveling -- 4.3.5 Environmental factors -- 4.4 Animal reservoirs -- 4.4.1 Nonhuman primates -- 4.4.2 Other animals -- 4.5 Search strategy and selection criteria -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Transmission risk factors -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Marked seasonality transmissions -- 5.3 Animal reservoirs -- 5.4 Food/water/soil sample contamination -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Detection methods -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Microscopy -- 6.3 Flow cytometry -- 6.4 Staining methods -- 6.5 Molecular methods -- 6.5.1 Conventional PCR -- 6.5.2 PCR-RFLP -- 6.5.3 PCR-OLA -- 6.5.4 qPCR-MCA -- 6.5.5 Multiplex-touchdown PCR -- 6.6 Serological testing -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Treatment and prevention -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Therapy -- 7.3 Prevention and control -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Conclusions and perspective -- 8.1 Major conclusions -- 8.2 Perspective (future challenge) -- References -- Index.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Milton :Jenny Stanford Publishing,
    Keywords: Chalcogenides -- Electric properties. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (318 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9789814411301
    DDC: 621.36
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Glass Formation in Several Novel Chalcogenide Systems -- Chapter 2: Relaxation and Fragility in Chalcogenide Network Glasses -- Chapter 3: Photoinduced Deformations in Chalcogenide Glasses -- Chapter 4: Structural and Physical Properties of GexAsySe1-x-y Glasses -- Chapter 5: Atomistic Modeling and Simulations of Chalcogenide Glasses -- Chapter 6: Broadband Near-Infrared Photoluminescence of Doped Chalcogenide Glasses -- Chapter 7: Chalcogenide Glass Thin-Film and Fiber Structures for Chemical and Biological Sensing -- Chapter 8: Fabrication of Passive and Active Tellurite Thin Films and Waveguides for Integrated Optics.
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  • 3
    Keywords: Environmental sciences ; Climatic changes ; Environmental protection ; Environment ; Air pollution. ; Atmospheric sciences. ; Climate change. ; Environmental sciences ; Climatic changes ; Environmental protection ; Luftverschmutzung ; Ruß ; Umwelttechnik
    Description / Table of Contents: This thesis presents research focusing on the improvement of high-resolution global black carbon (BC) emission inventory and application in assessing the population exposure to ambient BC. A particular focus of the thesis is on the construction of a high-resolution (both spatial and sectorial) fuel consumption database, which is used to develop the emission inventory of black carbon. Above all, the author updates the global emission inventory of black carbon, a resource subsequently used to study the atmospheric transport of black carbon over Asia with the help of a high-resolution nested model. The thesis demonstrates that spatial bias in fuel consumption and BC emissions can be reduced by means of the sub-national disaggregation approach. Using the inventory and nested model, ambient BC concentrations can be better validated against observations. Lastly, it provides a complete uncertainty analysis of global black carbon emissions, and this uncertainty is taken into account in the atmospheric modeling, helping to better understand the role of black carbon in regional and global air pollution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 153 p. 76 illus., 55 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783662464793
    Series Statement: Springer Theses, Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research
    Language: English
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Supervisor's Foreword; Abstract; Acknowledgments; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Background; 1.2 Main Objectives; 1.3 Thesis Structure; References; 2 Research Background; 2.1 Sources of Black Carbon in the Atmosphere; 2.2 Climate Effects of Black Carbon; 2.3 Health Effects of Black Carbon; 2.4 Emission Inventories of Black Carbon; 2.5 Health Assessments of Black Carbon; References; 3 Research Method; 3.1 Global High-Resolution Fuel Database in 2007 (PKU-FUEL-2007); 3.1.1 Combustion Sources; 3.1.2 Compilation of Fuel Consumption Data; 3.1.3 Construction of CO2 Emission Maps , 3.1.4 Uncertainty of the Fuel and CO2 Inventory3.2 Estimation of BC Emissions; 3.2.1 Emission Factors of BC; 3.2.2 Technology Splits; 3.2.3 Fuel Consumption Data; 3.3 Atmospheric Transport Models of BC; References; 4 Development of a High-Resolution Fuel Consumptions Database; 4.1 Global Fuel Consumption by Sector in 2007; 4.2 High-Resolution Maps of Fuel Consumptions; 4.3 High-Resolution Maps of CO2 Emissions; 4.4 Comparison with a Traditionally Disaggregated Map; 4.5 Uncertainty of the Data; References; 5 Global Black Carbon Emissions from Motor Vehicles , 5.1 Regression Models of BC Emission Factors for Motor Vehicles5.2 Effect of Technology Transfer from Developed to Developing Countries; 5.3 Global BC Emissions from Motor Vehicles; 5.4 Emission Factors for Battery Coking; References; 6 Emissions of Black Carbon in China from 1949 to 2050; 6.1 BC Emissions from China in 2007; 6.2 County-Level BC Emissions in China; 6.3 Comparison with a Mock-Up Inventory; 6.4 Comparison with Previous Inventories; 6.5 BC Emissions in China from 1949 to 2007; 6.6 BC Emissions in China from 2008 to 2050; References , 7 Global Emissions of Black Carbon from 1960 to 20077.1 Global BC Emissions in 2007; 7.2 Historical BC Emissions from 1960 to 2007; References; 8 Concentration, Ambient Exposure, and Inhalation Intake of Black Carbon; 8.1 Modelled Surface Concentrations of BC; 8.2 Evaluation of the Modelled Surface BC Concentrations; 8.3 Seasonal Variations of Surface BC Concentrations; 8.4 Downscaling of BC Concentrations to 0.1° × 0.1°; 8.5 Global Ambient Exposure to Black Carbon; 8.6 Intake of Black Carbon by Inhalation; References; 9 Conclusions
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  • 4
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Ramisch, Arne; Lockot, Gregori; Haberzettl, Torsten; Hartmann, Kai; Kuhn, Gerhard; Lehmkuhl, Frank; Schimpf, Stefan; Schulte, Philipp; Stauch, Georg; Wang, Rong; Wünnemann, Bernd; Yan, Dada; Zhang, Yongzhan; Diekmann, Bernhard (2016): A persistent northern boundary of Indian Summer Monsoon precipitation over Central Asia during the Holocene. Scientific Reports, 6, 25791, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25791
    Publication Date: 2023-03-13
    Description: Extra-tropical circulation systems impede poleward moisture advection by the Indian Summer Monsoon. In this context, the Himalayan range is believed to insulate the south Asian circulation from extra-tropical influences and to delineate the northern extent of the Indian Summer Monsoon in central Asia. Paleoclimatic evidence, however, suggests increased moisture availability in the Early Holocene north of the Himalayan range which is attributed to an intensification of the Indian Summer Monsoon. Nevertheless, mechanisms leading to a surpassing of the Himalayan range and the northern maximum extent of summer monsoonal influence remain unknown. Here we show that the Kunlun barrier on the northern Tibetan Plateau [~36°N] delimits Indian Summer Monsoon precipitation during the Holocene. The presence of the barrier relocates the insulation effect 1,000 km further north, allowing a continental low intensity branch of the Indian Summer Monsoon which is persistent throughout the Holocene. Precipitation intensities at its northern extent seem to be driven by differentiated solar heating of the Northern Hemisphere indicating dependency on energy-gradients rather than absolute radiation intensities. The identified spatial constraints of monsoonal precipitation will facilitate the prediction of future monsoonal precipitation patterns in Central Asia under varying climatic conditions.
    Keywords: AWI_PerDyn; Permafrost Research (Periglacial Dynamics) @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 17 datasets
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-03-13
    Keywords: AWI_PerDyn; AWI Arctic Land Expedition; Calculated; China2011,China2012/1,China2012/2,China2012/3; Cluster membership; CN-Land_2012; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Event label; HAND; HH-11154; HH-11163; HH-11192; HH-11199; HH-11211; HH-11278; HH-11285; HH-11286; HH-11287; HH-11316; HH-2012-08-20-001; HH-2012-08-20-003; HH-2012-08-20-004; HH-2012-08-20-005; HH-2012-08-20-006; HH-2012-08-20-007; HH-2012-08-20-008; HH-2012-08-20-010; HH-2012-08-20-011; HH-2012-08-20-012; HH-2012-08-20-013; HH-2012-08-20-014; HH-2012-08-20-016; HH-2012-08-20-017a; HH-2012-08-20-017b; HH-2012-08-20-018; HH-2012-08-20-019; HH-2012-08-20-020; HH-2012-08-20-021; HH-2012-08-20-022; HH-2012-08-20-023a; HH-2012-08-20-023b; HH-2012-08-20-024; HH-2012-08-20-025; HH-2012-08-20-029; HH-2012-08-21-001; HH-2012-08-21-002; HH-2012-08-21-004; HH-2012-08-21-006; HH-2012-08-21-007; HH-2012-08-21-008; HH-2012-08-21-009; HH-2012-08-23-001; HH-2012-08-23-004; HH-2012-08-23-006; HH-2012-08-23-007; HH-2012-08-23-008; HH-2012-08-23-009b; HH-2012-08-23-010; HH-2012-08-23-011; HH-2012-08-23-012; HH-9739; HH-9912; HH-9914; HH-9918; HH-9919; HH-9951; HH-9952; Lake Heihai, Qinghai, China; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Permafrost Research (Periglacial Dynamics) @ AWI; Sampling by hand
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 232 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-03-08
    Description: Four gravity sediment cores used for clay mineral analysis were recovered from the East Siberian continental margin. Core M04 (172.199W,75.982N ), with a length of 560 cm, was recovered from the Chukchi Basin during the fifth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) in 2012; core C22 (154.581W, 77.164N ), with a length of 200 cm, from the Northwind Ridge during the sixth CHINARE in 2014; and cores E23 (179.715E, 77.060N ) and P13 (159.865W, 77.991N ), with lengths of 354 cm and 246 cm from the southern Mendeleev Ridge and Chukchi Plateau, respectively, during the seventh CHINARE in 2017. The fine-grained fractions (〈63 μm) of each sample were retained for clay mineral analysis. Decalcification and organic material removal were performed at room temperature with 1 M HCl and 30% H2O2, respectively. Clay fractions (〈2 μm) were determined using Stokes’ law (Liu et al., 2010 and references therein). Each sample was oriented by wet smearing onto two glass slides before being air-dried. One of the slides was used for qualitative identification of clay minerals, whereas the other was solvated with ethylene glycol in an under-pressurized desiccator for at least 36 h at 35 ℃. Clay minerals were then measured by a PANalytical diffractometer, scanning from 3°–35° 2θ with a step of 0.0167° 2θ, at the KLSG. Semi-quantitative estimates of peak areas for the main clay minerals were carried out on the ethylene-glycol solvated curve using MDI Jade 6.0 software, and the percentage of clay minerals was calculated using Biscaye’s (1965) weighting factors. The 17Å and 10Å peaks were used for quantification of smectite and illite, respectively. Kaolinite (3.58Å) and chlorite (3.54Å) peaks were identified to calculate their proportional percentage from the 7Å kaolinite + chlorite peak (Biscaye, 1965). Analytical precision was checked using 15 replicates with a standard deviation of 〈3%.
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; clay mineral; East Siberian ice sheet; ice event
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-03-13
    Keywords: AGE; AWI_PerDyn; AWI Arctic Land Expedition; Calculated; China2011,China2012/1,China2012/2,China2012/3; Cluster membership; CN-Land_2012; COMPCORE; Composite Core; Heihai_sediment_core; Lake Heihai, Qinghai, China; Permafrost Research (Periglacial Dynamics) @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 94 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-03-13
    Keywords: AWI_PerDyn; AWI Arctic Land Expedition; Calculated; China2011,China2012/1,China2012/2,China2012/3; Chlorite; Chlorite (7Å + 3.54Å)/4.72Å; CN-Land_2012; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Dolomite; Event label; HAND; HH-11154; HH-11163; HH-11192; HH-11199; HH-11211; HH-11278; HH-11285; HH-11286; HH-11287; HH-11316; HH-2012-08-20-001; HH-2012-08-20-003; HH-2012-08-20-004; HH-2012-08-20-005; HH-2012-08-20-006; HH-2012-08-20-007; HH-2012-08-20-008; HH-2012-08-20-010; HH-2012-08-20-011; HH-2012-08-20-012; HH-2012-08-20-013; HH-2012-08-20-014; HH-2012-08-20-016; HH-2012-08-20-017a; HH-2012-08-20-017b; HH-2012-08-20-018; HH-2012-08-20-019; HH-2012-08-20-020; HH-2012-08-20-021; HH-2012-08-20-022; HH-2012-08-20-023a; HH-2012-08-20-023b; HH-2012-08-20-024; HH-2012-08-20-025; HH-2012-08-20-029; HH-2012-08-21-001; HH-2012-08-21-002; HH-2012-08-21-004; HH-2012-08-21-006; HH-2012-08-21-007; HH-2012-08-21-008; HH-2012-08-21-009; HH-2012-08-23-001; HH-2012-08-23-004; HH-2012-08-23-006; HH-2012-08-23-007; HH-2012-08-23-008; HH-2012-08-23-009b; HH-2012-08-23-010; HH-2012-08-23-011; HH-2012-08-23-012; HH-9739; HH-9912; HH-9914; HH-9918; HH-9919; HH-9951; HH-9952; Hornblende; Kalifeldspar; Kaolinite; Lake Heihai, Qinghai, China; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Mica; Mica 5Å/10Å; Permafrost Research (Periglacial Dynamics) @ AWI; Plagioclase; Quartz; Sampling by hand; X-ray diffraction (XRD)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 580 data points
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  • 9
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Lun, Fei; Liu, Junguo; Ciais, Philippe; Nesme, Thomas; Chang, Jinfeng; Wang, Rong; Goll, Daniel S; Sardans, Jordi; Penuelas, Josep; Obersteiner, Michael (2017): Global and regional phosphorus budgets in agricultural systems and their implications for phosphorus-use efficiency. Earth System Science Data Discussions, 1-45, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2017-41
    Publication Date: 2023-01-27
    Description: The application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer to agricultural soils increased by 3.2 % annually from 2002 to 2010. We quantified in detail the P inputs and outputs of cropland and pasture, and the P fluxes through human and livestock consumers of agricultural products, at global, regional, and national scales from 2002 to 2010. Globally, half of the total P input (21.3 Tg P yr-1) into agricultural systems accumulated in agricultural soils during this period, with the rest lost to bodies of water through complex flows. Global P accumulation in agricultural soil increased from 2002 to 2010, despite decreases in 2008 and 2009, and the P accumulation occurred primarily in cropland. Despite the global increase of soil P, 32 % of the world's cropland and 43 % of the pasture had soil P deficits. Increasing soil P deficits were found for African cropland, versus increasing P accumulation in Eastern Asia. European and North American pasture had a soil P deficit because continuous removal of biomass P by grazing exceeded P inputs. International trade played a significant role in P redistribution among countries through the flows of P in fertilizer and food among countries. Based on country-scale budgets and trends we propose policy options to potentially mitigate regional P imbalances in agricultural soils, particularly by optimizing the use of phosphate fertilizer and recycling of waste P. The trend of increasing consumption of livestock products will require more P inputs to the agricultural system, implying a low P-use efficiency aggravating the P stocks scarcity in the future. The global and regional phosphorus budgets and their PUEs in agricultural systems is publicly available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.875296.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet, 401.3 kBytes
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  • 10
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Wang, Rong; Biskaborn, Boris K; Ramisch, Arne; Ren, Jian; Zhang, Yongzhan; Gersonde, Rainer; Diekmann, Bernhard (2016): Modern modes of provenance and dispersal of terrigenous sediments in the North Pacific and the Bering Sea: Implications and perspectives for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Geo-Marine Letters, 36(4), 259-270, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-016-0445-7
    Publication Date: 2023-01-27
    Description: During expedition 202 of research vessel SONNE in 2009, 39 sea-floor surface sediments were sampled over a wide area across the North Pacific and the Bering Sea, which are well suited as reference archives of modern environmental processes. In this study, we used the samples to infer the documentation of land-ocean linkages of terrigenous sediment supply. We followed an integrated approach of grain-size analysis, bulk mineralogy, and clay mineralogy in combination with statistical data evaluation (end-member modelling of grain-size data, fuzzy-cluster analysis of mineralogical data), in order to identify the significant sources and modes of sediment transport in an overregional context. We also compiled literature data on clay mineralogy and updated those with the new data. Today, two processes of terrigenous sediment supply prevail in the study area: far-distant aeolian sediment supply to the pelagic North Pacific as well as hemipelagic sediment dispersal from nearby land sources by ocean currents along the continental margins and island arcs of the study area. The aeolian particles show the finest grain sizes (clay and fine silt), while the hemipelagic sediments have high abundances of sortable silt, particles 〉10 microns.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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