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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Pattern perception. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (217 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783642963032
    Series Statement: Communication and Cybernetics Series ; v.10
    DDC: 001.534
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (354 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9789401799218
    Series Statement: NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security Series
    DDC: 620.115
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- References -- Contents -- 1 Colloidal Photonic Crystal Films: Fabrication and Tunable Structural Color and Applications -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Opals and Structural Color -- 1.1.2 Opal Films as Photonic Crystals -- 1.2 Fabrication of High Quality Opal Photonic Crystal Films -- 1.2.1 Opal Films Fabricated by Convective Self-Assembly -- 1.2.2 Opal Film Growth Under Silicone Oil -- 1.2.3 High Quality Opal Film Formation by the Silicone Oil Method -- 1.3 Opal Photonic Crystals with Tunable Color -- 1.3.1 Soft Materials Based on Colloidal Crystals -- 1.3.2 Tuning Structural Color by Swelling -- 1.3.3 Tuning Structural Color by Strain -- 1.4 Potential Applications of Structural Color -- 1.4.1 Color Tunable Fiber Fabric -- 1.4.2 Structural Color for Printing and Displays -- 1.4.3 Imaging Local Strain of Deformed Metal Plates -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Plasmonics and Ultrasensitive Detection -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Enhancement Factor (EF) -- 2.3 Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering and the Challenge of Spectral Interpretation -- 2.4 SERS and SERRS Spectral Interpretation -- 2.5 The Observed SERS Spectra -- 2.6 Surface-Enhanced Fluorescence (SEF) and Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle Enhanced Fluorescence (SHINEF) -- 2.7 Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle Enhanced Fluorescence (SHINEF) -- 2.8 Distance Dependence of the Enhancement -- 2.9 Tuning the Plasmon Extinction and the Molecular Emission -- 2.10 The Role of the Molecular Quantum Yield -- 2.11 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Functional Nanomaterials Prepared by Nanoarchitectonics-Based Supramolecular Assembly -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Molecular-Level Nanoarchitectonics -- 3.3 Microscopic-Level Assembly -- 3.4 Macroscopic Materials with Internal Nanostructures -- 3.5 Future Approaches for Access from Macro to Molecule -- References. , 4 A Brief History of Nanoscience and Foresight in Nanotechnology -- Abbreviations -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Main Milestones in the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology -- 4.3 Extrapolation of Microtechnology into the Nanoworld -- 4.4 Scanning Tunneling Microscope and Manipulation of Materials at the Nano-Level -- 4.5 "There Is Plenty of Room at the Bottom" -- 4.6 New Phenomena and Qualities in the Nanoworld -- 4.7 N& -- N in the Post-Hype Era -- 4.8 Risks and Regulations, Code of Conduct -- 4.9 Ubiquitous Nanoparticles -- 4.10 Foresight in Nanotechnology: The Main Issues -- 4.10.1 Building of Structures Atom-by-Atom: Yes or No? -- 4.10.2 Closing the Nano-Divide? -- 4.10.3 The Future of Silicon -- 4.10.4 N& -- N and Sustainability -- 4.10.5 Single-Particle Devices -- 4.11 The Role of Social Sciences and Humanities in N& -- N -- 4.12 Closing Remarks -- References -- Research Papers -- 5 Halloysite Clay Nanotube Composites with Sustained Release of Chemicals -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Halloysite Structure -- 5.3 Polymer-Halloysite Nanocomposites -- 5.4 Polymeric Protective Coating Doped with Halloysite -- 5.5 Bioactive Composites with Sustained Controlled Release of Drugs and Proteins -- 5.6 Conclusions -- References -- 6 Colloidal Photonic Crystal Architectures for Advanced Light Management Applications -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 What Is a Photonic Crystal? -- 6.1.2 Opening the Photonic Band Gap -- 6.1.3 Colloidal Photonic Crystals (Including Artificial Opals) -- 6.2 Fabrication of Advanced Colloidal Photonic Crystal Structures -- 6.3 Tuning the Properties of Colloidal Photonic Crystals -- 6.4 Atomic Layer Deposition for the Modification of Colloidal Photonic Crystals -- 6.5 Colloidal Photonic Crystals for Photovoltaic Applications -- 6.5.1 Towards Colloidal Photonic Crystal-based Transparent Conducting Materials. , 6.5.2 Colloidal Photonic Crystal-Based Solar Cell Architectures -- 6.6 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 7 Crystalline and Amorphous Chalcogenides, High-Tech Materials with Structural Disorder and Many Important Applications -- Abbreviations -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Chemical Composition, Stoichiometry, Synthesis, Glass Formation, Thin Films, Nanoparticles and Fibres -- 7.2.1 Crystalline Chalcogenides -- 7.2.2 Amorphous and Glassy Chalcogenides -- 7.2.3 Synthesis of Chalcogenides -- 7.2.4 Thin Films -- 7.2.5 Nanoparticles -- 7.3 Chemical Reactivity, Etching, Oxidation and Hydrolysis -- 7.4 The Structure of Chalcogenides and Its Changes -- 7.4.1 Crystalline State -- 7.4.2 Amorphous and Glassy State -- 7.5 Properties of Amorphous and Glassy Chalcogenides -- 7.5.1 Optical Properties -- 7.5.1.1 Non-linear Optical Effects -- 7.5.1.2 Luminescence of Chalcogenides -- 7.5.1.3 Luminescence of Chalcogenide Glasses Doped by RE -- 7.5.2 Photoinduced Changes of Chalcogenides' Structure and Properties -- 7.5.2.1 Phase Changes and Phase Change Memories -- 7.5.2.2 Structure of Amorphous PCMM -- 7.6 Applications of Crystalline and Amorphous Chalcogenides and Their Thin Films -- 7.6.1 Crystalline Chalcogenides -- 7.6.2 Amorphous and Glassy Chalcogenides -- 7.7 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Plasmonic Gas and Chemical Sensing -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Thin Films with Embedded Plasmonic Particles -- 8.2.1 Carbon Monoxide Sensing with Plasmonically Functionalized Thin Films -- 8.2.2 Hydrogen Sensing with Plasmonically Functionalized Thin Films -- 8.2.3 Chemical Sensing in Harsh and Corrosive Environments -- 8.3 Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy -- 8.4 Label-Free Refractive Index Gas Sensing -- 8.5 Engineered Nanoparticles and Smart Dust -- 8.6 Large-Area Nanostructured Sensor Chips -- 8.7 Complex Grating-Based Plasmonic Hydrogen Sensors. , 8.8 Antenna-Enhanced Sensor Geometries -- 8.9 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 9 Planar Hybrid Plasmonic-Photonic Crystals -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Grating-Coupled Hybrid Crystals -- 9.3 Crystals of Plasmonic-Photonic Atoms -- 9.4 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 10 Fundamentals and Applications of Organised Molecular Films -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Different Types of Organised Films -- 10.2.1 Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) Films -- 10.2.2 Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) -- 10.2.3 Layer-by-Layer (LbL) Films -- 10.3 Why Langmuir Monolayers Are Still Important -- 10.3.1 Characterisation of Langmuir Monolayers -- 10.3.2 Vibrational Spectroscopy Techniques -- 10.3.3 Cell Membrane Models -- 10.4 Exploiting Distinct Architectures in Solid Organised Films -- 10.4.1 Electronic Tongues -- 10.4.2 Biosensors -- 10.4.2.1 A Variety of Film Architectures for Biosensing -- 10.4.2.2 Importance of Computational Methods for Data Analysis -- 10.5 Concluding Remarks -- References.
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  • 3
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 42 p. = 1,91 Mb., text and images , Ill
    Edition: [Electronic ed.]
    Language: German
    Note: Contract BMBF 01 M 3032 A. - Common project no. 01004031 , Differences between the printed and electronic version of the document are possible
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  • 4
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online Ressource, 6 p. = 36 Kb., text
    Edition: [Elektronische Ressource]
    Language: German
    Note: nIndex. - Contract BMBF 13N70291. - Joint project no. 01006526 , Differences between the printed and electronic version of the document are possible , Also available as printed version , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 5
    In: Earth and planetary science letters, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1966, 274(2008), 1/2, Seite 1-13, 1385-013X
    In: volume:274
    In: year:2008
    In: number:1/2
    In: pages:1-13
    Description / Table of Contents: Regional climate modelling for the Late Cretaceous greenhouse and high-resolution marine stratigraphic records from both sides of the low latitude Atlantic show that tropical South American and African hydrology and watersheds had a strong effect on freshwater transfer into the Equatorial Atlantic and subsequently the marine carbon record. This conclusion is derived from new detailed geochemical records from Demerara Rise off Suriname drilled at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1261 combined with frequency analyses and climate simulations providing evidence for mainly eccentricity-driven changes in carbon burial in the western tropical Atlantic. Shorter orbital frequencies, in particular precession, clearly dominating black shale cycles off tropical Africa (ODP Site 959), are far less dominant at Demerara Rise despite comparable time resolution of the geochemical records. We suggest that these different frequency patterns in carbon burial were related to the regional evolution of Cretaceous watersheds and hydrology in tropical South America and Africa. River discharge deduced from simulations indicates higher and less variable discharge from South America compared to western Africa at that time. This runoff pattern would have supported more permanent anoxic conditions off South America compared to Africa, at least indirectly, and caused the lack of strong higher frequency geochemical cycles in the western sector of the Equatorial Atlantic. Furthermore, climate simulations show a general switch of primary runoff from either side of the Cretaceous Equatorial Atlantic every half precession cycle (i.e. every ~ 10 kyr). Similarities between the developments of Cretaceous and Holocene hydrology in the tropical Atlantic area imply that orbital-scale evolution of watersheds is a robust feature through time that is independent from the mean global climate state. Based upon the comparison of Cretaceous and Holocene trends in hydrology we infer that future hydrology in the study region may develop in a comparable direction to the one observed in the Cretaceous. If true, this suggests that the modern Amazon rain forest could shrink over the next millennium due to a ~ 30% loss of moisture while the Congo rain forest in Africa is likely to expand in response to a 14% gain in moisture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1385-013X
    Language: English
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 7758-7767 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of the solid state chemical reaction of silver with amorphous As33S67 films in a conventional sandwich structure was measured by optically monitoring the change in thickness of the undoped chalcogenide. For the thermally stimulated process, the kinetics data indicate a two-stage process, with the second stage having a sublinear time dependence. The effect of broadband illumination is to reduce the activation energy by approximately one order of magnitude, but the photoinduced process still has two identifiable stages. In the case of the photostimulated process, rate coefficients and activation energies have been measured and the composition and structure of the reaction products have been determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). The RBS spectra obtained at different stages of the photoinduced reaction process show a step-like form for the Ag concentration profile during the course of the reaction and indicated a homogeneous distribution of Ag in the final reaction products, the Ag concentration being 19.5 at. %. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 2606-2612 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Control of the orientation of thin Pd films on (100) SrTiO3 surfaces was obtained by changing the growth temperature. In particular, a three-step growth method was applied to deposit thin single-crystal Pd films on single-crystal (100) SrTiO3 surfaces. This was realized by first growing epitaxial Pd seeds at elevated temperatures. Subsequently, the seeds were overgrown at room temperature by polycrystalline Pd which fully covered the substrate at a low thickness. Annealing of these films promoted growth of the epitaxial seeds, resulting in single-crystal Pd films: (100) SrTiO3(parallel)(100) Pd, [010] SrTiO3(parallel)[010] Pd. The three-step growth method turned out to be a useful method to overcome surface roughening and the creation of crystalline imperfections in thin Pd films. This is essential for the growth of thin metallic epitaxial buffer layers. The microstructure of the films was analyzed by reflection high-energy electron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 2619-2621 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A plasma source suitable for repetitive operation, going beyond single shot experiments for research into soft x-ray lasers, is reported. Successful operation of an ultrafast, small-diameter, highly uniform z pinch has been achieved at currents of 35–50 kA, for a variety of gases and a large range of mass densities. Due to an efficient preionization of the working gas, a high-temperature and a high cooling rate of the plasma column are obtained. The plasma is less than 1 mm in radius, over 30 mm long, and over 1018 cm−3 ion density. A soft x-ray recombination laser experiment for the λ≈182 A(ring) Balmer-alpha-like transition in C vi is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 13 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Transient mid-Cretaceous thermal uplift induced by lateral heating from passing oceanic lithosphere is often invoked as a mechanism for the formation of the Côte d’Ivoire–Ghana basement ridge in the Equatorial Atlantic. This heating event should have affected mid-Cretaceous sedimentary rocks along the ridge. However, organic maturity and clay mineral data on the thermal evolution of these rocks suggest that burial temperatures did not exceed 80 °C and that palaeo–geothermal gradients are not anomalous. Optical petrography and the stratigraphic pattern of temperature-sensitive parameters indicate that higher palaeotemperature estimates are related to admixtures of preheated, detrital organic and inorganic matter. Erosion brought the sediments to their present shallow burial depths. Lack of evidence for significant thermal alteration implies that either thermal exchange between oceanic and continental lithosphere along the Côte d’Ivoire–Ghana Transform Margin was negligible, or that lateral heating by oceanic lithosphere was not strong enough to affect the sedimentary cover of the basement ridge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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