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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deafferentation-induced apoptosis of neurons in thalamic somatosensory nuclei of the newborn rat: critical period and rescue from cell death by peripherally applied neurotrophins (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study shows that unilateral transection of the infraorbital nerve (ION) in newborn (P0) rats induces apoptosis in the contralateral ventrobasal thalamic (VB) complex, as evidenced by terminal transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) and electron miscroscopy. Double-labelling experiments using retrograde transport of labelled microspheres injected into the barrel cortex, followed by TUNEL staining, show that TUNEL-positive cells are thalamocortical neurons. The number of TUNEL-positive cells had begun to increase by 24 h postlesion, increased further 48 h after nerve section, and decreased to control levels after 120 h. Lesion-induced apoptosis in the VB complex is less pronounced if ION section is performed at P4, and disappears if the lesion is performed at P7. This time course closely matches the critical period of lesion-induced plasticity in the barrel cortex. Nerve growth factor (NGF) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), applied on the ION stump alone or in combination, are able to partially rescue thalamic neurons from apoptosis. Total cell counts in the VB complex of P7 animals that underwent ION section at P0 confirm the rescuing effect of BDNF and NGF. Blockade of axonal transport in the ION mimics the effect of ION section. These data suggest that survival-promoting signals from the periphery, maybe neurotrophins, are required for the survival of higher-order neurons in the somatosensory system during the period of fine-tuning of neuronal connections. We also propose that anterograde transneuronal degeneration in the neonatal rat trigeminal system may represent a new animal model for studying the pathways of programmed cell death in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00119.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) Colitis in Rats (Clinical, Structural, and Ultrastructural Aspects) (1999)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 44 (1999), S. 1458-1475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: ULCERATIVE COLITIS ; DEXTRANE SULFATE SODIUM ; RAT MODEL ; STRUCTURE ; ULTRASTRUCTURE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aim of this study was to assess the structural,ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and clinicalaspects in Sprague-Dawley rats with dextrane sulfatesodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Colitis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by seven days of DSSoral administration followed by seven days of tap wateronly (for one, two and three cycles). Controls were fedwith water only. Segments of proximal, mid-, and distal colon of each animal were adequatelyprepared for light and scanning electron microscopeobservations. The severity of the lesions was scoredhistologically. For immunohistochemical study, acocktail of S-100, NSE, and antineurofilament antibodieswas used. Symptoms such as weight, feces consistency,diarrhea, hematochezia were recorded daily. From aclinical point of view symptoms appeared significantly later after the first cycle than after thesecond and third cycles and lasted significantly longerin the second and third cycles. Treated rats showed aslower weight gain rate by 20% compared to controls, and the whole colon length appeared to besignificantly shorter after colitis induction comparedto controls. Structural observations by light microscopyshowed prominent involvement of the distal colon. Immunohistochemical study of both submucosaland myoenteric nerve plexuses was similar to controls.Scanning electron microscope observations of the colonicmucosal surface in colitis rats showed a complete subversion of its architecture, characterizedby dilatations of gland crypt openings, dropout ofgoblet cells, and inhomogeneous distribution or lack ofmicrovilli. These were most evident after the third cycle. In conclusion, experimental DSS colitisin SD rats appeared to be highly reproducible and sharedmost features with human UC, not only from a structuraland clinical but also from an ultrastructural point of view.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026620322859
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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