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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sarcomas arising in bone cysts (1962)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 335 (1962), S. 428-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eingehende makroskopische und histologische Beschreibung von 4 Fällen von sekundärer Sarkomentwicklung auf dem Boden einer einkammerigen Knochencyste. Im Sarkom wird das Strukturprinzip der Knochencyste wiederholt. Die gleichen Veränderungen finden sich in einem 5. Fall von Knochensarkom, welches sich auf dem Boden eines cystisch umgewandelten Knochenmarkinfarktes entwickelt hatte.
    Notes: Summary Four typical, large, hollow simple bone cysts with a sarcoma arising in the cyst wall are described. The range of patterns in the sarcomas duplicated the range of patterns that may be found in the walls of bone cysts. The same variation was present in another sarcoma arising from the wall of a cystic cavity that was produced by bone marrow infarction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00957033
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors block mitogenic signalling pathways in rat cardiac fibroblasts (1999)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 359 (1999), S. 394-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Angiotensin II ; ACE inhibition ; Moexiprilat ; Enalaprilat ; Cardiac fibroblast ; Mitogen ; activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ; Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on angiotensin II (Ang II) induced growth related signalling pathways in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts. In BrdU proliferation assays, Ang II (10–9–10–7 M) stimulated cardiac fibroblast growth in a dose-dependent fashion (maximum at 10–7 M, 5.22 ± 0.01-fold, n = 9). 2-2-(1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl)-[amino-oxopropyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3 carboxylic acid (moexiprilat) led to a dose-dependent inhibition of the Ang II induced cardiac fibroblast growth. A less pronounced effect on cellular proliferation was seen with the ACE inhibitor enalaprilat. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in this direct antiproliferative effect of ACE inhibitors in cardiac fibroblasts, we studied the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPKs: extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and p38-MAPK] and JAK/STAT (janus kinases/signal transducer and activator of transcription) signal transduction pathways. Ang II (10–7 M) caused an increase in MAPKs activity with an increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (1.7-fold) and p38-MAPK (3.6-fold). This effect was completely inhibited by moexiprilat (10–7 M) and enalaprilat (10–7 M). Stimulation with Ang II (10–7 M) also led to an increased phosphorylation of STAT3, which is one of the key effector proteins in the JAK/STAT signalling pathway. This effect was also completely inhibited by moexiprilat (10–7 M) and enalaprilat (10–7 M). These data show that the ACE inhibitors moexiprilat and enalaprilat inhibit Ang II induced proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts according to their relative potency of ACE inhibition in vitro. This novel effect of ACE inhibitors is accompanied by blocking the Ang II induced activation of several intracellular signal transduction pathways (ERK1/2, p38-MAPK and STAT3).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005366
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of angiotensin receptors on human skin fibroblasts (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 75 (1997), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Angiotensin II ; Human skin fibroblasts ; Hypertension ; Arteriosclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Angiotensin II is involved in blood pressure regulation, cell growth and angioneogenesis. The angiotensin receptors which mediate the intracellular effects of angiotensin II are expressed in numerous tissues and cell types. We studied the expression of angiotensin II receptors in cultured human skin fibroblasts derived from a skin biopsy. Angiotensin II binding characteristics were analyzed by radioligand binding assays. The DNA synthesis was assessed by [H]thymidine incorporation assays. Intracellular calcium concentrations were measured by fura-2 spectrofluorometry, and mRNA expression levels were analyzed by northern blot technology. Two distinct angiotensin receptors were detectable on human skin fibroblasts: the AT1 receptor with K d=1.0± 0.7 nmol/l and B max=17.9±0.9 fmol/mg protein, and an angiotensin(1–7) binding site with K d=26±6.6 nmol/l and B max=80.4±3.5 fmol/mg protein, as shown by competition binding assays using selective angiotensin II receptor antagonists and the heptapeptide angiotensin(1–7). The angiotensin AT1 receptor mRNA was substantially expressed in human skin fibroblasts and was subjected to homologous downregulation. In human skin fibroblasts angiotensin II caused a profound increase in intracellular calcium which was blocked by angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists such as Exp-3174. Furthermore, both angiotensin II and angiotensin(1–7) led to increased DNA synthesis in human skin fibroblasts. In conclusion, cultured human skin fibroblasts express angiotensin AT1 receptors and a putatively new angiotensin receptor activated by angiotensin(1–7), both coupled to signaling pathways involved in DNA synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of plasma aldosterone in a patient with Conn's Syndrome before and during spironolactone medication (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 391-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Aldosteron ; Renin ; Spironolacton ; Primärer Aldosteronismus ; Aldosterone ; renin ; spironolactone ; aldosteronism primary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In a patient suffering from Conn's syndrome analysis of short-time fluctuations of plasma aldosterone, plasma cortisol and plasma renin activity were performed before and after a 9-months therapy period with spironolactone. Under the former conditions aldosterone was secreted episodically and a highly significant correlation was found between plasma aldosterone and plasma cortisol (r=0.817,p〈0.001) while plasma renin activity was undetectable (〈0.16 ng/ml/3 hr). Following a 9-months therapy with spironolactone episodic secretion of aldosterone and the significant correlation between aldosterone and cortisol persisted (r=0.819,p〈0.001) in the presence of an abnormally high plasma renin activity. First, when the secretion of ACTH was suppressed by dexamethasone a weak correlation was found between renin activity and aldosterone (r=0.517,p〈0.05). Our results show that both before and after a 9-months therapy with spironolactone episodic aldosterone release of an aldosterone producing adrenal adenoma was mediated through ACTH and that endogeneous angiotensin II had no or only little influence.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einer Patientin mit Conn Syndrom wurden vor und nach einer 9-monatigen Behandlung mit Spironolacton Plasma-Aldosteron, Plasma-Cortisol und Plasma-Renin-Aktivität in kurzen Zeitabständen bestimmt. Vor Behandlung wurde Plasma-Aldosteron episodisch sezerniert; es fand sich eine hochsignifikante Korrelation zwischen Plasma-Aldosteron und Plasma-Cortisol (r=0.817,p〈0.001). Die Plasma-Renin-Aktivität lag ständig unterhalb des aufdeckbaren Meßbereiches (〈0,16 ng/ml/3 h). Nach 9-monatiger Behandlung mit Spironolacton war in Gegenwart einer deutlich über der Norm erhöhten Plasma-Renin-Aktivität sowohl eine episodische Sekretion des Plasma-Aldosterons als auch eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen Plasma-Aldosteron und Plasma-Cortisol nachweisbar (r=0.819,p〈0.001). Erst nach Suppression der ACTH-Sekretion durch Dexamethason fand sich eine schwache K orrelation zwischen Renin-Aktivität und Aldosteron (r=0.517,p〈0.05). Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, daß sowohl vor als auch nach 9-monatiger Behandlung mit Spironolacton die episodische Sekretion des Plasma-Aldosterons bei einer Patientin mit einem aldosteronproduzierenden Nebennierenrindenadenom durch ACTH gesteuert wird. Demagegenüber besitzt endogenes Angiotensin II keinen oder einen nur geringen Einfluß auf die Aldosteron-Sekretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01468678
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PMR-Spektren einiger Dimethylamino-phosphane und -arsane (1964)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 51 (1964), S. 240-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00641363
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemie und Kapillarisierung der Gangsysteme der drei großen Speicheldrüsen und der Glandula lacrimalis extraorbitalis der Ratte (1969)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 128 (1969), S. 141-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Salivary glands ; Succinic dehydrogenase ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Gl. lacrimalis (extraorbitalis) ; Salivary reabsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Ratte wurden die Ausführungsgangsysteme der drei großen Speicheldrüsen und der Gl. lacrimalis extraorbitalis hinsichtlich des Gehaltes ihrer Epithelien an Succinodehydrogenase sowie in bezug auf die Art und Dichte ihrer Kapillarisierung untersucht. Die Drüsengefäße (Capillaren) stellten wir durch die Reaktion der Endothelzellen auf alkalische Phosphatase dar. Bei den Speichelgangsystemen fand sich jeweils der höchste Gehalt an Succinodehydrogenase in den Epithelien der intralobulären Ganganteile. Generell nahm mit zunehmender Ganggröße die Reaktionsstärke ab. Das Gangsystem der Gl. retrolingualis fiel durch einen besonders hohen Enzymgehalt auf. Bei der Gl. lacrimalis extraorbialis war — beschränkt auf die extraglandulären Ganganteile — nur eine schwach positive bis negative Reaktion zu erzielen. Bei den Speicheldrüsen zeigten sich an allen Anteilen der Gangsysteme Capillarnetze; bei der Tränendrüse waren solche nur an den außerhalb des Drüsenkörpers liegenden Gangabschnitten zu beobachten. So wie der Gehalt an Succinodehydrogenase nahm auch die Kapillarisationsdichte an den Ausführungsgangsystemen der untersuchten Speicheldrüsen im Verlauf der Gänge nach peripher ab. Die unterschiedliche Dichte der Capillarnetze an den Gangsystemen der drei großen Rattenspeicheldrüsen läßt auf unterschiedlich starke Austauschvorgänge schließen. Die auf Mikropunktionsuntersuchungen beruhende Annahme, daß der Ductus submandibularis noch zu einer Veränderung des ihn passierenden Sekretes beiträgt, wird morphologisch durch den Nachweis enggestellter Capillarnetze und histochemisch durch eine stark positive Reaktion der Gangepithelien auf Succinodehydrogenase gestützt. Für den Ductus retrolingualis gelten ähnliche Überlegungen, obwohl noch keine Mikropunktionsuntersuchungen vorliegen. Beim Ductus parotideus dagegen bestätigen der weitmaschige Capillarplexus und der geringe Gehalt der Gangepithelien an Succinodehydrogenase die Auffassung früherer Untersucher, daß der Parotisgang (und seine extraglandulären Zuflüsse) keinen wesentlichen Einfluß mehr auf die Zusammensetzung des Endspeichels ausübt.
    Notes: Summary The duct systems of the great salivary glands and the gl. lacrimalis extraorbitalis of the rat have been examined with respect to their activity of succinic dehydrogenase, as well as with respect to the appearance and density of their capillarisation. The blood vessels (capillaries) have been demonstrated by means of the reaction of their endothelium to alkaline phosphatase. The highest activity of succinic dehydrogenase has been found in the epithelial cells of the intralobular ducts (of the salivary glands). Generally decreasing activity was observed in the ducts with enlargening diameter. In the ducts of the gl. retrolingualis, the enzyme reaction is particularly strong. The duct system of the gl. lacrimalis extraorbitalis has a weak positive to negative reaction in its outer-glandular part. On all parts of the salivary duct systems there is a capillary network. In the lacrimal gland, however only the outerglandular part of the duct system is characterized by the capillary network. The capillary network of the salivary duct systems are seen to become wider as the diameter of the ducts becomes greater. The different density of the networks surrounding the salivary duct systems probably indicate exchange processes of varying intensity. The theory that the ductus submandibularis may alter the composition of the passing saliva is supported by the finding of a dense capillary network and high activity of succinic dehydrogenase in the ducts. The same features are found in the ductus retrolingualis, although here the theory of alteration of saliva by the ducts is not yet proved by micropuncture experiments. The assumption of preceding investiations that the function of the ductus parotideus does almost completely consist in transporting the saliva, is supported by a wide-spread capillary network and by a minute activity of succinic dehydrogenase of the duct cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00523371
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of C1-esterase inhibitor in definite and suspected streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Report of seven patients (2000)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 26 (2000), S. 1566-1570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome Capillary leak syndrome Necrotizing fasciitis C1-esterase inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective: To evaluate the effect of adjunctive C1-esterase inhibitor substitution therapy on clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Design: Observational. Setting: Medizinische Poliklinik, University of Bonn, Germany. Patients: Seven patients with direct or indirect evidence of streptococcal TSS. Intervention: In addition to conventional and supportive therapy, all patients received 2–3 single doses of C1-esterase inhibitor totaling 6,000–10,000 U within the first 24 h after admission. Measurements and results: All patients developed fulminant septic shock, multiorgan failure and/or capillary leak syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis within 10–72 h following the onset of first symptoms. Between 1 and 4 days following administration of C1-esterase inhibitor, a marked shift of fluid from extravascular to intravascular compartments took place in all but one patient, accompanied by a transient intra-alveolar lung edema and rapidly decreasing need for adrenergic agents. Six of seven patients survived. Conclusions: These clinical observations in a small series of patients and the favorable outcome point towards a positive effect of early and high-dose administration of C1-esterase inhibitor as adjunctive therapy in streptococcal TSS. The possible mechanism involved may be the attenuation of capillary leak syndrome (CLS) via early inactivation of complement and contact systems. Controlled studies are needed to establish an improvement of the survival rates of patients with streptococcal TSS following administration of C1-esterase inhibitor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340000654
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HSP90 homologue from Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus): cDNA sequence, regulation of protein expression and location in the endoplasmic reticulum (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 23 (1993), S. 583-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: endoplasmin ; microsomes ; GRP94 ; heat shock protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We describe cDNAs for a HSP90 homologue from Catharanthus roseus and studies on the regulation of expression. The largest cDNA (2670 bp) coded for a protein of 817 amino acids with a calculated size of 93 491 Da and a pI of 4.61. It contained a eucaryotic secretory signal, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) targeting and retention signal (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu), and the HSP90 protein family signature with one conservative exchange (Asn-Lys-Asp-Ile-Phe-Leu instead of Asn-Lys-Glu-Ile-Phe-Leu). RNA blots revealed a transcript of 2.8–2.9 kb, and genomic DNA blots suggested a single gene. The expression was analysed with antiserum against a fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli. Immunoblots revealed a protein of 93±1.5 kDa (often a doublet) only in the membrane fraction, and sucrose density gradients suggested association with the ER. The protein was constitutively expressed in C. roseus cell cultures grown at 25 °C, and expression was apparently unaffected by various stress conditions, such as heat, high sucrose, elicitor from Phytophthora megasperma or yeast extract. It was not detectable in young C. roseus plants at room temperature, and heat shock for several hours at 37 °C was necessary to obtain detectable expression. In maize (Zea mays), a cross-reacting protein was detectable in cell cultures, but not in young plants. The results suggested that the cloned protein is not a major component in the heat shock response. We propose a chaperone role in the assembly and processing of cell wall components and other secreted proteins, i.e. functions that are very active in cells with a high rate of growth and division.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019305
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System und Fibrinolyse (2000)
    Springer
    Medizinische Klinik 95 (2000), S. 683-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6722
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System ; Fibrinolyse ; PAI-1 ; t-PA ; Key words Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ; Fibrinolysis ; PAI-1 ; t-PA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Experimental, genetic and clinical evidence suggests that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) may participate in the pathogenesis of thromboembolic cardiovascular disorders such as coronary heart disease. This interrelationship may involve mechanisms other than changes in arterial blood pressure. In addition to various possible interactions, accumulating evidence suggests that the RAAS is involved in the regulation of fibrinolytic system. Several recent studies have shown that stimulation of the RAAS may be associated with an activation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Since profibrinolytic factors (especially tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA]) remain unchanged, increased activity of the RAAS may thus alter the fibrinolytic balance towards a decreased fibrinolytic activity. These findings may be of special importance for a variety of clinical problems such as the long-term effect of a low NaCl-intake on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and the possible value of drugs indirectly or directly interfering with the RAAS such as diuretics, ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin II Type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonists.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Experimentelle, genetische und klinische Studien legen einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System (RAAS) und der Entwicklung thromboembolischer kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen, wie zum Beispiel der koronaren Herzkrankheit, nahe. Dabei ist die Verknüpfung, zumindest nicht ausschließlich, über Änderungen des arteriellen Blutdruckes vermittelt. Neben vielen anderen möglichen Mechanismen weist eine Reihe neuerer Untersuchungen darauf hin, dass das RAAS an der Regulation der Fibrinolyse beteiligt sein könnte. So zeigen verschiedene Studien, dass eine Aktivierung des RAAS mit einer gesteigerten Freisetzung des Plasminogenaktivator-Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) einhergeht. Bei unveränderter Aktivität profibrinolytischer Faktoren (insbesondere des Gewebe-Plasminogenaktivators [t-PA]) wäre ein aktiviertes RAAS dementsprechend mit einer Änderung des fibrinolytischen Gleichgewichts und Hemmung der Fibrinolyse assoziiert. Diese Befunde sind von potentieller Bedeutung für eine Reihe von klinischen Fragestellungen, so zum Beispiel der Wertigkeit einer Kochsalzrestriktion für kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und Letalität oder aber der Bedeutung von Pharmaka, die indirekt oder direkt in das RAAS eingreifen, wie zum Beispiel Diuretika, ACE-Hemmstoffe und Angiotensin-II-Typ-1-(AT1–)Rezeptorantagonisten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00002086
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur Chemie der Amino-arsane. II. Einige Reaktionen des Tris(dimethylamino)-arsans As(NMe2)3 (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 330 (1964), S. 233-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on the reactivity of the As—N bond in As(NMe2)3 showed, that electrophilic reagents EX like HCl, PhCOCl, PhCH2Cl or Ph2BCl cleave the As—N bond readily: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm As}\left({{\rm NMe}_2} \right)_3 + {\rm n EX} \to \left({{\rm Me}_{\rm 2} {\rm N}} \right)_{3 - {\rm n}} {\rm AsX}_{\rm n} + {\rm nENMe}_{\rm 2} $$\end{document} Dimethylamino-arsenic halides are also formed by mixing As(NMe2)3 with arsenic halides. These are useful intermediates in the preparation of organo-dimethylamino-arsanes, RnAs(NMe2)3-n.The formation of tris(dimethylamino)-arsonium salts from As(NMe2)3 is not very pronounced, only Br2 or Me2NCl are added yielding [(Me2N)3AsBr]Br and [(Me2N)4As]Cl respectively, but BrCN cleaves the As—N bond.Also the reactions of As(NMe2)3 with Ni(CO)4 and CS2 are reported.
    Notes: Elektrophile Agenzien EX, wie HCl, PhCOCl, PhCH2Cl oder Ph2BCl spalten die As—N-Bindungen des Tris(dimethylamino)-arsans As(NMe2)3 \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm As}\left({{\rm NMe}_2} \right)_3 + {\rm n EX} \to \left({{\rm Me}_{\rm 2} {\rm N}} \right)_{3 - {\rm n}} {\rm AsX}_{\rm n} + {\rm nENMe}_{\rm 2} $$\end{document} unter Bildung von Dimethylamino-halogen-arsanen. Diese sind besonders leicht durch Komproportionierung von As(NMe2)3 mit Arsenhalogeniden gewinnbar und stellen wertvolle Zwischenprodukte zur Synthese von Organyl-dimethylamino-arsanen RnAs(NMe2)3-n dar.Das Tris(dimethylamino)-arsan neigt nur wenig zur Bildung von Tris(dimethylamino)-arsoniumsalzen. Mit Brom ist ein [(Me2N)3AsBr]Br, mit Me2NCl ein [(Me2N)4As]Cl zu gewinnen. BrCN hingegen spaltet die As—N-Bindung.Über die Reaktionen des As(NMe2)3 mit Ni(CO)4 und CS2 wird berichtet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19643300502
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