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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Milton :Jenny Stanford Publishing,
    Schlagwort(e): Renewable energy sources -- California. ; Electronic books.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The meteoric rise of the photovoltaic (PV) industry is an incredible story. In 2013, Google's investments in PV systems totaled about half a billion dollars and Warren Buffet, one of the famous investors, invested 2.5 billion in the world's largest PV system in California. These gigantic investments by major financial players were made only 40 years after the first two terrestrial PV companies, Solarex and Solar Power Corporation, were formed in the USA. Today, the worldwide capacity of operating PV electric generators equals the capacity of about 25 nuclear power plants. The PV industry is growing at an annual rate of 30 percent, equivalent to about five new nuclear power plants per year. This book describes how this happened and what lies ahead for PV power generation.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (430 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9789814463812
    Serie: Jenny Stanford Series on Renewable Energy Series
    DDC: 333.7923
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Intro -- The Vulgar Tongue: Green's History of Slang -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction: Slang: A User's Manual -- Slang: The Language That Says 'No' -- The Etymology of the Word 'Slang' -- Definitions -- Etymological Roots -- 2 In the Beginning: The Pre-History -- 3 Lewd, Lousey Language: Beggars and Their Books -- The European Background -- The English Development -- Coney-catching -- 4 Crime and Punishment: The Vocabulary of Villainy -- The End of the Beggar Books -- Prison Pamphlets -- Rogue Memoirs -- 5 Play's the Thing: The Stage and the Song -- The Playhouse -- Journalism -- General Writing -- 6 The Sound of the City: No City, No Slang -- 7 Flash: This Sporting Life -- 8 Down Under: Larrikin Lingo -- 9 Sex in the City: The Agreeable Ruts of Life -- 10 Cockney Sparrers:Mean Streets and Music Halls -- 11 America: Pioneers -- 12 Keeping Score: Nineteenth-century Slang Lexicography -- 13 Gayspeak: The Lavender Lexicon -- 14 American Century: The Slang Capital of the World -- 15 African-American Slang: The Flesh Made Word -- 16 Campus and Counter-Culture: Teenage Skills -- 17 War: One Thing It's Good For -- 18 Conclusion: As It Was in the Beginning -- Notes -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 2 In the Beginning -- 3 Lewd, Lousey Language -- 4 Crime and Punishment -- 5 Play's the Thing -- 6 The Sound of the City -- 7 Flash -- 8 Down Under -- 9 Sex in the City -- 10 Cockney Sparrers -- 11 America -- 12 Keeping Score -- 13 Gayspeak -- 14 American Century -- 15 African-American Slang -- 16 Campus and Counter-Culture -- 17 War -- Bibliography -- Acknowledgements -- Index -- Note on the Author.
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Milton :Jenny Stanford Publishing,
    Schlagwort(e): Solar energy-Africa. ; Solar energy-Middle East. ; Renewable energy sources-Africa. ; Renewable energy sources-Middle East. ; Electronic books.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (169 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781351007306
    DDC: 333.79230967
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Intro -- Halftitle -- Title -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1 Solar Energy in Africa and in the Middle East -- 1.1 An overview of energy production and consumption in Africa and the middle east -- 1.1.1 Africa -- 1.1.2 The middle east -- 1.2 The role of solar energy in Africa and in the middle east -- 2 Solar Technologies for Electricity Generation -- 2.1 Solar energy to electricity: Solar cells -- 2.1.1 PV modules made of solar cells created on Si wafers -- 2.1.2 Thin-film PV modules -- 2.1.3 Utilization of various PV production technologies (2016 data) -- 2.1.4 Solar PV systems -- 2.2 Concentrating Thermal Solar Power (CSP) Systems -- 2.3 Hybrid solar systems (HSP) -- 3 Electric Grid Issues in Africa and the Middle East -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Mini-grids -- 3.2.1 Devergy -- 3.2.2 Donor support for mini-grids -- 3.2.3 Central vs. Individual uses -- 3.3 Regional power pools in Africa -- 3.4 Gulf cooperation council interconnection authority -- 3.4.1 Middle east -- 3.4.2 GCCIA -- 3.4.3 GCCIA and renewable energy -- 4 Regional and International Solar Initiatives -- id="C1tocsec4_1"> -- 4.1 Introduction -- id="C1tocsec4_2"> -- 4.2 Introduction to the European development Aid: A personal recollection -- id="C1tocsec4_4"> -- 4.3 U.S. Energy development assistance to Africa and the middle east -- id="C2tocsec4_5"> -- 4.3.1 Africa -- id="C2tocsec4_6"> -- 4.3.2 Middle east -- id="C1tocsec4_7"> -- 4.4 Lighting Africa: Evolution of world bank support for solar in Africa -- id="C2tocsec4_9"> -- 4.4.1 In the beginning -- id="C2tocsec4_10"> -- 4.4.2 Evolution -- id="C2tocsec4_11"> -- 4.4.3 Solar PV in Africa -- id="C2tocsec4_12"> -- 4.4.4 Lighting Africa -- id="C2tocsec4_14"> -- 4.4.5 The lighting Africa program -- id="C2tocsec4_15"> -- 4.4.6 Elements of lighting Africa program -- id="C2tocsec4_16">. , 4.4.7 Lessons learned -- id="C2tocsec4_17"> -- 4.4.8 The future -- id="C2tocsec4_18"> -- 4.4.9 Paris climate agreement (2015) -- id="C2tocsec4_19"> -- 4.4.10 Climate change action plan 2016-2020 -- id="C2tocsec4_20"> -- 4.4.11 IFC Scaling solar -- id="C2tocsec4_21"> -- 4.4.12 World bank off-grid solar projects -- id="C1tocsec4_22"> -- 4.5 The Africa clean energy corridor -- id="C2tocsec4_23"> -- 4.5.1 The issue at hand -- id="C2tocsec4_24"> -- 4.5.2 Planning -- id="C2tocsec4_25"> -- 4.5.3 Resource assessment -- id="C2tocsec4_26"> -- 4.5.4 Access to finance -- id="C2tocsec4_27"> -- 4.5.5 Status and way forward -- id="C1tocsec4_28"> -- 4.6 Global energy transfer feed-in tariff (GET FiT) -- id="C2tocsec4_29"> -- 4.6.1 Hydropower projects -- id="C2tocsec4_30"> -- 4.6.2 Cogeneration (Biomass: Bagasse from sugar production) -- id="C2tocsec4_31"> -- 4.6.3 Solar PV projects -- id="C3tocsec4_32"> -- 4.6.3.1 Soroti solar PV project -- id="C3tocsec4_33"> -- 4.6.3.2 Tororo solar PV project -- id="C2tocsec4_34"> -- 4.6.4 Wind energy projects -- id="C2tocsec4_35"> -- 4.6.5 Conclusion -- id="C2tocsec4_36"> -- 4.6.6 The future of the GET FiT program -- id="C3tocsec4_37"> -- 4.6.6.1 Zambia -- id="C3tocsec4_38"> -- 4.6.6.2 Namibia -- id="C3tocsec4_40"> -- 4.6.6.3 Mozambique -- id="C1tocsec4_41"> -- 4.7 Deserts as a source of electricity -- 5 Existing and Emerging Solar PV Markets -- id="C1tocsec5_1"> -- 5.1 Introduction -- id="C1tocsec5_2"> -- 5.2 Water pumping utilizing solar electricity -- id="C2tocsec5_3"> -- 5.2.1 Africa -- id="C2tocsec5_4"> -- 5.2.2 Middle East -- id="C1tocsec5_8"> -- 5.3 Solar energy and clean water -- id="C2tocsec5_9"> -- 5.3.1 Desalination -- id="C2tocsec5_10"> -- 5.3.2 Disinfection -- id="C1tocsec5_11"> -- 5.4 Off-grid telecom towers -- id="C2tocsec5_12">. , 5.4.1 Off-grid or bad-grid? -- id="C2tocsec5_13"> -- 5.4.2 Tower operators -- id="C2tocsec5_14"> -- 5.4.3 Renewable energy towers -- id="C2tocsec5_15"> -- 5.4.4 Tower ESCOs -- id="C1tocsec5_16"> -- 5.5 Internet with PV -- id="C2tocsec5_17"> -- 5.5.1 Internet in africa -- id="C2tocsec5_18"> -- 5.5.2 Nice, the gambia -- id="C1tocsec5_19"> -- 5.6 Solar energy and mining -- id="C1tocsec5_20"> -- 5.7 Tele-medicine and Tele-education -- 6 Financing: The key to Africa and the Middle East's Solar Energy Future -- id="C1tocsec6_1"> -- 6.1 Introduction -- id="C1tocsec6_2"> -- 6.2 Solar For Energy Access In Africa -- id="C2tocsec6_3"> -- 6.2.1 "Below," "Beyond," and "Off" the Grid: Powering Energy Access -- id="C2tocsec6_4"> -- 6.2.2 Why solar for energy access in Africa? -- id="C2tocsec6_5"> -- 6.2.3 Why Hasn't the Grid Been Extended across Africa? -- id="C2tocsec6_6"> -- 6.2.4 Global Catalysts: Renewed Attention at the UN and Beyond -- id="C2tocsec6_7"> -- 6.2.5 Market expansion -- id="C2tocsec6_8"> -- 6.2.6 Future directions -- id="C1tocsec6_9"> -- 6.3 Financing Solar in Africa and the Middle East -- id="C2tocsec6_10"> -- 6.3.1 Size matters -- id="C2tocsec6_11"> -- 6.3.2 Risk -- id="C2tocsec6_12"> -- 6.3.3 Financing off-grid -- id="C1tocsec6_13"> -- 6.4 Pay-As-You-Go and Community Solar -- id="C2tocsec6_14"> -- 6.4.1 Where the Grid Doesn't Reach -- id="C2tocsec6_15"> -- 6.4.2 Solar products -- id="C2tocsec6_16"> -- 6.4.3 Solar home systems -- id="C2tocsec6_17"> -- 6.4.4 M-Kopa -- id="C1tocsec6_18"> -- 6.5 Large-Scale Auctions -- id="C2tocsec6_19"> -- 6.5.1 Introduction -- id="C2tocsec6_20"> -- 6.5.2 Sealed-Bid Auction -- id="C2tocsec6_21"> -- 6.5.3 Descending clock auctions -- id="C2tocsec6_22"> -- 6.5.4 Hybrid auctions -- id="C2tocsec6_23"> -- 6.5.5 South Africa -- id="C2tocsec6_24">. , 6.5.6 IFC's scaling solar -- id="C2tocsec6_25"> -- 6.5.7 Zambia -- id="C2tocsec6_26"> -- 6.5.8 Epilogue -- 7 Local Value Creation -- id="C1tocsec7_1"> -- 7.1 Local value creation: analysis -- id="C2tocsec7_2"> -- 7.1.1 Local content requirements -- id="C2tocsec7_3"> -- 7.1.2 Discussion -- id="C1tocsec7_4"> -- 7.2 Nascent Manufacturing Sector -- id="C2tocsec7_5"> -- 7.2.1 Fosera -- id="C2tocsec7_6"> -- 7.2.2 Solar manufacturing in the middle east -- id="C2tocsec7_7"> -- 7.2.3 Noor solar technologies -- 8 Current and Future Solar Programs in Africa and in the Middle East -- id="C1tocsec8_1"> -- 8.1 Introduction -- id="C1tocsec8_2"> -- 8.2 Africa -- id="C2tocsec8_3"> -- 8.2.1 Electricity in sub-saharan Africa -- id="C2tocsec8_4"> -- 8.2.2 Nigeria -- id="C3tocsec8_5"> -- 8.2.2.1 Large grid-connected projects in nigeria -- id="C3tocsec8_6"> -- 8.2.2.2 Feed-in tariffs -- id="C3tocsec8_7"> -- 8.2.2.3 Net metering -- id="C3tocsec8_8"> -- 8.2.2.4 Other solar applications -- id="C3tocsec8_9"> -- 8.2.2.5 Discussion -- id="C2tocsec8_10"> -- 8.2.3 Uganda -- id="C2tocsec8_11"> -- 8.2.4 Namibia -- id="C3tocsec8_12"> -- 8.2.4.1 Utilization of renewable energy to produce electricity -- id="C3tocsec8_13"> -- 8.2.4.2 Biomass -- id="C3tocsec8_14"> -- 8.2.4.3 Wind -- id="C3tocsec8_15"> -- 8.2.4.4 Concentrated solar power (CSP) -- id="C3tocsec8_16"> -- 8.2.4.5 PV Systems -- id="C3tocsec8_17"> -- 8.2.4.6 Commercial and other organizations -- id="C3tocsec8_18"> -- 8.2.4.7 Summary -- id="C2tocsec8_19"> -- 8.2.5 Senegal -- id="C3tocsec8_20"> -- 8.2.5.1 Impact of solar home systems in Senegal -- id="C3tocsec8_21"> -- 8.2.5.2 Solar energy in the middle east and north Africa -- id="C2tocsec8_22"> -- 8.2.6 Morocco -- id="C2tocsec8_23"> -- 8.2.7 Egypt -- id="C1tocsec8_24"> -- 8.3 The middle east. , id="C2tocsec8_25"> -- 8.3.1 Jordan -- id="C2tocsec8_26"> -- 8.3.2 United Arab emirates -- id="C2tocsec8_27"> -- 8.3.3 Saudi Arabia -- id="C1tocsec8_28"> -- 8.4 Into the future -- Epilogue -- Glossary -- Chapter Notes -- About the Authors -- About the Contributors -- Index.
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Milton :Jenny Stanford Publishing,
    Schlagwort(e): Photovoltaic power generation. ; Electronic books.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (318 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781351767460
    DDC: 333.9723
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Meteoric Rise of PV Continues -- 1.1 Sun above the Horizon -- 1.2 Sun towards High Noon -- 2. New PV Markets Sustaining Mass Production -- 2.1 Utilization of the Terrestrial Solar Electricity -- 2.2 Solar Roofs for Residential Homes -- 2.3 Grids, Mini-Grids, and Community Solar -- 2.4 Commercial PV Systems -- 2.5 Utility-Scale Solar -- 2.5.1 Current Status -- 2.5.1.1 Concentrating solar power systems -- 2.5.1.2 Concentrating photovoltaic systems -- 2.5.1.3 Flat-plate photovoltaic systems: fixed and tracking -- 2.5.2 Future Prospects -- 2.6 Important Large Market: Solar Energy and Clean Water -- 2.6.1 Desalination and Disinfection: Introduction -- 2.6.2 Desalination -- 2.6.3 Disinfection -- 2.6.4 Conclusion -- 2.7 Quality and Reliability of PV Systems -- 2.7.1 Module Qualification Testing -- 2.7.2 Module Safety Certification -- 2.7.3 Module Warranties -- 2.7.4 Failure Rates in PV Systems -- 2.7.5 Module Durability Data -- 2.7.6 ISO 9000 -- 2.7.7 IECQ and IECEE -- 2.7.8 To Further Improve Long-Term Performance -- 2.7.9 International PV Quality Assurance Task Force -- 2.8 Storage of Electrical Energy -- 2.8.1 Introduction -- 2.8.2 Why Is Electrical Energy Storage Important? -- 2.8.3 What Are the Various Forms of Electricity Storage? -- 2.8.4 Applications of Energy Storage and Their Value -- 2.8.5 Capital Costs of Energy Storage -- 2.8.6 Concluding Remarks -- 2.9 Solar Energy and Jobs -- 2.9.1 Introduction -- 2.9.2 What Are the Facts? -- 2.9.3 Concluding Remarks -- 3. Financing -- 3.1 Financing of PV -- 3.2 Subsidies and Solar Energy -- 3.2.1 Introduction -- 3.2.2 What Forms Do Energy Subsidies Take? -- 3.2.3 What Is the History of US Energy Subsidies? -- 3.2.4 What Has All This Meant for Solar PV? -- 3.2.5 Concluding Remarks. , 3.3 Wall Street and Financing -- 3.3.1 Policy Drivers for Solar Energy Financing -- 3.3.1.1 The importance of policy to financing -- 3.3.2 Federal Policies -- 3.3.2.1 Federal RD& -- D -- 3.3.2.2 Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act -- 3.3.2.3 Investment tax credits -- 3.3.2.4 Commercialization and deployment -- 3.3.2.5 Government purchasing -- 3.3.3 State and Local Policies -- 3.3.3.1 Renewable Portfolio Standards and RECs -- 3.3.3.2 Solar Set-Asides and SRECS -- 3.3.3.3 Net energy metering -- 3.3.3.4 Leading state examples -- 3.3.4 International Policy for Solar Energy Financing -- 3.3.4.1 Policies of individual governments -- 3.3.4.2 International agencies -- 3.3.4.3 Multi-lateral development banks -- 3.3.4.4 Impact of NGOs on government policy -- 3.4 Solar Market Segmentation and Financing Methods -- 3.4.1 Utility-Scale Solar Project Financing -- 3.4.2 Commercial and Institutional Rooftop Financing -- 3.4.3 Community Solar -- 3.4.4 Residential Rooftop Financing -- 3.4.4.1 PPA model -- 3.4.4.2 Inverted lease -- 3.4.4.3 Loan-to-ownership -- 3.5 Solar Project Financing -- 3.5.1 Traditional Power Generation Financing -- 3.5.2 PURPA and the Development of Non-Recourse Financing -- 3.5.3 Conditions Required for Project Financing -- 3.5.4 Overall Capital Structure: Equity, Tax Equity, and Debt -- 3.5.5 Tax Equity Using the Investment Tax Credit -- 3.5.6 Bank Loans -- 3.5.7 Institutional Capital -- 3.5.8 Project Bonds -- 3.6 Capital Market Investment in Solar Securities -- 3.6.1 Equity Market Investment in Solar Companies -- 3.6.2 Yieldcos and Other Portfolio Companies and Funds -- 3.6.3 Green Bonds -- 3.6.4 Securitization -- 3.7 Summary -- 3.8 Glossary -- 4. Present and Future PV Markets -- 4.1 The Global View of PV -- 4.2 The Present and Future of Neglected PV Markets: Africa and the Middle East -- 4.2.1 Introduction -- 4.2.2 Africa. , 4.2.3 Middle East and North Africa -- 4.3 The Present and Future Market in the Americas -- 4.3.1 The United States of America -- 4.3.2 Canada -- 4.3.3 Countries in Latin America -- 4.4 The Present and Future Markets in Europe -- 4.5 The Present and Future Markets in Asia -- 4.6 The Present and Future Markets in Australia and in Oceania -- 4.7 Global Community Unites to Advance Renewable Energy: IRENA -- 4.7.1 Start of IRENA -- 4.7.2 Hermann Scheer -- 4.7.3 IRENA's Roots and Early Days -- 4.7.4 Institutional Setup -- 4.7.5 Hub, Voice, Resource -- 4.7.6 IRENA's work -- 4.7.7 The Way Forward -- 4.7.8 Glossary -- 5. The Impact of Solar Electricity -- 5.1 The Impact of Solar Electricity -- 5.2 In the Twilight of Big Oil, in Retrospect, PV Was a Missed Boat -- 5.3 PV and the Brave New World of the Electric Utilities -- 6. The Future of PV -- Outlook to the Future -- About the Contributors -- Index.
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