Schlagwort(e):
Sun -- Observations.
;
Electronic books.
Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis:
The reconstruction of past solar activity is aided by studying historical accounts, which help us understand the Sun's behavior over longer timescales. Here, the authors describe how these records can be used to obtain information relevant to today's research.
Materialart:
Online-Ressource
Seiten:
1 online resource (395 pages)
Ausgabe:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780387927909
Serie:
Astrophysics and Space Science Library ; v.361
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=438072
DDC:
523.7
Sprache:
Englisch
Anmerkung:
Intro -- The Sun Recorded Through History -- Preface -- Contents -- The Sun -- The Solar Structure -- The Photosphere -- The Solar Spectrum -- Limb Darkening and Optical Depth -- Granulation -- Sunspots -- Faculae -- Observing the Solar Surface -- Telescope Basics -- Image Formation of Extended Objects -- Telescope Aberrations -- Atmospheric Seeing -- The Chromosphere -- Spectral Lines -- Plages and the Chromospheric Network -- Quiet Chromosphere -- Prominences -- The Corona -- The Solar Wind -- 3-D Topology of the Magnetic Field -- Observing the Outer Layers -- Time Scales of Solar Variability -- The Solar Cycle -- Long-Term Variations -- Flares -- Coronal Mass Ejections -- Solar--Terrestrial Relations -- Sun -- Climate -- Space Weather -- Monographs and Textbooks on Solar Physics -- References -- Naked-Eye Sunspots -- The Human Eye as a Detector of Light -- Solar Damage to the Eye -- Visibility Criteria -- Naked-eye Sunspot Observations -- Historical Oriental Observations -- Historical Occidental Observations -- Mayan and Indian Observations -- Naked-Eye Observations During the Telescopic Era -- Modern Observations -- Naked-Eye Sunspots and Temporal Evolution of Solar Activity -- Time Series with Naked-Eye Sunspot Observations -- Solar Cycle and Giant Sunspots -- High-Resolution Record -- References -- Solar Drawings -- Pretelescopic Instruments -- The Camera Obscura -- The Invention of the Telescope -- First Telescopic Observations of Sunspots -- Thomas Harriot (1560--1621) -- Johannes Fabricius (1587--1616) -- Cristoph Scheiner (1575--1650) -- Galileo Galilei (1564--1642) -- The Scheiner--Galileo Debate -- L. Cigoli (1559--1613) -- Other Observers -- Instrumental Development -- The Maunder Minimum -- J. Hevelius (1611--1687) -- The Paris Observers -- William Derham (1657--1735) -- Nicholas Bion (1652--1733) -- John Flamsteed (1646--1719).
,
Charles Malapert (1581--1630) -- G. Kirch and G. Schultz -- The Rise of Solar Activity and the Dalton Minimum: 18th and 19th Centuries -- Louis Feuillée (1660--1732) -- Christian Horrebow (1718--1776) -- Johann Hyeronimus Schroter (1745--1816) -- Johann Caspar Staudacher (1731--ca. 1796) -- William Herschel (1738--1822) -- J.A. Alzate (1737--1799) -- J.W. Pastorff (1767--1838) -- John Herschel (1792--1871) -- Temple Chevallier (1794--1873) -- Frederick Howlett (1821--1908) -- S.H. Schwabe (1789--1875) -- Sunspot Drawings in the Photography Era -- G. Spörer (1822--1895) -- Samuel P. Langley (1834--1905) -- S. Chevalier (1852--1930) -- E.L. Trouvelot (1827--1895) -- Stonyhurst Observatory -- Gyula Fényi (1845--1927) -- The First Granulation Drawings -- Sunspot Fine Structures -- Penumbra -- Umbral Structures -- Light-Bridges -- Faculae -- White-Light Flares -- The Outer Layers of the Sun -- The Influence of the Eye in Solar Drawings -- Eye Aberrations -- The Influence of the Brain -- Physics from Drawings -- The Wilson Effect -- Solar Rotation -- Sunspot Areas -- Modern Solar Drawings -- The Fraunhofer Institut ``Maps of the Sun'' -- Potsdam -- The Mt. Wilson Sunspot Drawings -- Kanzelhöhe -- Specola Solare Ticinese -- Rome Solar Phenomena -- Cartes Synoptiques and Catalogues of Filaments and Active Regions -- References -- Solar Eclipses -- The Basics of Solar Eclipses -- Total Solar Eclipse Step by Step -- Some Mathematics -- Canons and Statistics -- Historical Solar Eclipse Observations -- Babylon and Greece -- Mediaeval Arabic Records -- Chinese Observations -- From the Scientific Revolution to Photography (1450--1840) -- Science Using Early Reports of Solar Eclipses -- Chronology -- The Earth's Rotation Clock -- The Outer Layers of the Sun -- CMEs and Comets -- References -- The Solar Diameter and the Astronomical Unit -- The Earth's Orbit.
,
Measuring the Known World -- Trigonometry -- The First Measurements -- Observing Methods of the Solar Diameter -- Direct Estimation -- Transits of the Sun in the Sky -- Solar Eclipses -- The Micrometer -- The Heliometer -- The Measurement of Time -- Theoretical Background -- Long-Term Variations -- Planetary Transits -- Orbital Motion of the Inner Planets -- The Determination of the Solar Radius -- The Determination of the Sun's Distance -- Individual Transits -- A Message from the Past Toward the Future -- References -- Terrestrial Aurorae and Solar--Terrestrial Relations -- Auroral Physics in Brief -- Geomagnetism -- Magnetosphere and Solar Wind -- Geomagnetic Indices -- Observing the Aurora -- Folklore, Omen and Myths -- Babylonia and the Bible -- The Classical Period -- Reports During the Last Two Millennia -- Aurorae Borealis -- Aurorae Australis -- The Search for the Cause -- Scientific Research on Aurorae -- The Discovery of Solar--Terrestrial Relations -- Catalogues of Aurorae Observations -- Catalogues from 18th Until 20th Century -- Recent Catalogues -- Aurorae and Secular Solar Activity -- Aurorae as a ``Proxy'' of Solar Activity -- Low-Latitude Aurorae -- Rieger Periodicity -- Aurora and Great Space Weather Events -- References -- Reconstruction of Solar Activity During the Telescopic Era -- Wolf's Reconstruction -- Schwabe's Discovery -- The Wolf Sunspot Number -- Other Sunspot Numbers -- Other Solar Indices -- The Reconstruction by Hoyt and Schatten -- The Dataset -- The Group Sunspot Number -- Uncertainties -- Some Problems -- Some Unfinished Tasks -- Improving and Finding Lost Observations -- Records in Spanish and Portuguese -- The Great Gap in the 1740s -- The Sunspot Numbers During 1736--1739 -- The Hemispheric Numbers -- Final Comments -- References -- Index.
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