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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platelet Na+/H+ antiport activity in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic nephropathy (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Na+/H+ antiport ; Hypertension ; Diabetic nephropathy ; Hereditary factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incidence of diabetic nephropathy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) may depend on factors other than the quality of diabetes control. Hypertension is an additional factor associated with a high degree of renal involvement in IDDM. One abnormality consistantly observed in various tissues of patients with essential hypertension is enhanced activity of the Na+/H+ antiport. In the present study we have therefore studied platelet antiport activity in 41 healthy subjects (control), in 22 patients with untreated essential hypertension (EH), and in 35 normotensive IDDM patients (type 1). Of these patients 17 exhibited signs of diabetic nephropathy (group 1) while 18 had no evidence for renal involvement of IDDM in spite of a duration of IDDM of at least 10 years (group 2). The two IDDM patient groups were undistinguishable with respect to age, body mass index, and arterial blood pressure (group 1, 117.9±2.4/78.4±1.5 mmHg; group 2, 113.9±3.6/76.1±1.8 mmHg). Antiporter activity was determined from the rate of cell volume changes induced by propionic acid. Platelet Na+/H+ exchange activity averaged 23.43±0.43 10−3·s−1 in control subjects and was markedly elevated in EH (28.38±0.62 10−3·s−1 P〈0.01). Antiport activity in group 2 patients without nephropathy averaged 24.54±0.57 10−3·s−1 and was undistinguishable from the control group. However, platelet Na+/H+ antiport activity was significantly stimulated in group 1 patients with nephropathy as compared to group 2(26.95±0.73 10−3. s−1 ; P〈0.025). Our results show that renal involvement in IDDM is associated with enhanced activity of the platelet Na+/H+ antiport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00179992
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vergleich verschiedener Methoden zur Bestimmung glykosylierter Hämoglobine (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 787-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Diabetes ; Hemoglobin A1 ; Glycosylation ; Methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Determination of glycosilated haemoglobin (HbA1) has become an important parameter for the control of diabetes mellitus. Although several methods are available today, some are time consuming and complicated and may lead to differing results. Two methods, the thiobarbituric-acid (TBA) method and microcolumn chromatography, were compared with the reference method, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with respect to precision, accuracy and practicability. Seventy different blood samples from diabetics were analysed. Using the TBA method, good results were achieved which were generally consistent with those of the reference method (r=0.90); there were no significant differences in values determined with the two methods. However, the TBA method requires an inordinate amount of work. Microcolumn chromatography is better suited to the needs of physicians in private practice. Results with this method also correlate well with those of the reference method (r=0.92) when the labile aldimine fraction has been removed by dialysis of the sample. Quality control can be performed using either lyophilized or deep-frozen control samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01721779
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the role of sodium- and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase inhibition in the pathogenesis of human hypertension (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 32-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Na-K-ATPase ; Ouabain ; Natriuretic hormone ; Intracellular electrolytes ; Peripheral vascular resistance ; Cardiac function ; Hypertension ; Calcium entry blockade ; Human studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An endogenous humoral factor which inhibits the sodium- and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na-K-ATPase) enzyme in vitro has been incriminated recently of playing a pathogenetic role in experimental and human hypertension. The present study was therefore performed in six healthy volunteers to investigate the hemodynamic consequences of an inhibition of this enzyme by ouabain, a potent and specific inhibitor of Na-K-ATPase. In addition, the role of intracellular calcium as a potential mediator was studied indirectly by the administration of nifedipine, a potent calcium entry blocker with predominant vasodilator properties. Intravenous administration of 8.5 µg ouabain/kg body weight inhibited red blood cell (RBC) — Na-K-ATPase by 49% which was accompanied by a significant increase in RBC — ATP and a decrease in intracellular potassium concentrations. This enzyme inhibition resulted in a 24% increase in peripheral vascular resistance. The parallel decrease in cardiac output and heart rate, however, prevented a rise in arterial pressure. This increase in vascular resistance was completely abolished by pretreatment with nifedipine (10 mg orally). In the absence of an effect of nifedipine on Na-K-ATPase, its attenuation of the vasoconstrictor effect of ouabain suggests that the effects of ouabain on the vascular smooth muscle cell are mediated by intracellular calcium. These results demonstrate that inhibition of the Na-K-ATPase enzyme in vivo causes a marked peripheral vaso-constriction. They are also compatible with the concept that an endogenous inhibitor of Na-K-ATPase — in the presence of decreased baroreceptor reflex sensitivity due to blood volume expansion — may play a role in the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01537484
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early expression and high prevalence of islet autoantibodies for DR3/4 heterozygous and DR4/4 homozygous offspring of parents with Type I diabetes: The German BABYDIAB study (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 671-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords HLA genotype ; Type I diabetes ; islet autoimmunity ; autoantibody appearance.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Islet autoantibodies precede the clinical onset of Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. The cumulative development of such autoantibodies in infants followed from birth and in particular infants with high-risk HLA genotypes is poorly defined, but such information is essential to design trials to prevent islet autoimmunity. Methods. HLA genotypes were determined in offspring of parents with Type I diabetes who were followed from birth for at least 2 years (median follow-up: 3.1 years) and who were characterised for the expression of insulin, GAD65, IA-2 and islet cell autoantibodies at birth, 9 months, 2 and 5 years of age. Results. The HLA genotypes DRB1 * 03/04(DQB1 *57non-Asp) and DRB1 * 04/04(DQB1*57non-Asp) were present in 7.1 % and 5.0 % of offspring of parents with Type I diabetes. The frequency of both genotypes was increased in offspring who developed islet autoantibodies within the first 2 years of life (27.3 % vs 5.5 %, odds ratio 6.3 [p = 0.002] and 22.7 % vs 4.2 %, odds ratio 6.6 [p = 0.003]) and half of all offspring who developed antibodies had these genotypes. Other genotypes were not associated with an increase in risk. By life-table analysis, the cumulative risk of developing islet autoantibodies by the age of 2 years was 20 % (95 % CI 9.4,30.6) for offspring carrying either the DRB1 * 03/04(DQB1 *57non-Asp) or the DRB1 * 04/04(DQB1*57non-Asp) genotype compared with 2.7 % (95 % CI 1.2,4.2) for offspring without these genotypes (p 〈 0.0001). Conclusion/interpretation. These data show that early appearance of islet autoantibodies is remarkably frequent for DR3/4 heterozygous and DR4/4 homozygous offspring and indicate that primary prevention could be considered once available in an offspring cohort selected for these genotypes. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 671–677]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051214
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostische Bedeutung von Fructosamin und Hämoglobin A1c in der diabetischen Schwangerschaft (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 254 (1993), S. 1416-1417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02266454
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fructosamin, Insulin und C-Peptid bei Neugeborenen von Müttern mit und ohne Störung des Kohlenhydratstoffwechsels (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 254 (1993), S. 1418-1419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02266455
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