Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editors -- Using Natural Archives to Track Sources and Long-Term Trends of Pollution: An Introduction -- References -- The Influence of Hydrology on Lacustrine Sediment Contaminant Records -- Introduction -- Hydrologic Processes in Lake Systems -- Differences in Sedimentation Between Natural Lakes and Reservoirs -- Land Use Change as a Surrogate for Hydrology -- Sources of Contaminants -- River Inputs and Localized Sources -- Groundwater Inputs -- Hydrologic Modifications After Deposition -- Sediment Focusing -- Hydrologic Controls on Lead-210 Dating -- Human Modifications to the Hydrology of Lakes -- Summary and Future Work -- References -- The Stability of Metal Profiles in Freshwater and Marine Sediments -- Introduction -- Patterns and Mechanisms of Diagenesis in Metal Profiles -- Physical Processes of Diagenesis -- Geochemical Processes of Diagenesis -- Environmental and Geochemical Factors Influencing Metal Profile Stability -- Reactivity of the Metal -- Environmental Factors -- pH -- Redox Condition -- Other Factors -- Tests of Metal Profile Stability -- Porewater Metal Modeling -- Concurrence with Known Inputs -- Resampling -- Correcting and Interpreting Diagenetically-Altered Metal Profiles -- Correction for Mixing -- Modeling Corrections for Geochemical Diagenetic Processes -- Practical Recommendations -- References -- Calculating Rates and Dates and Interpreting Contaminant Profiles in Biomixed Sediments -- Introduction -- The Effects of Biomixing on Contaminant Profiles -- Sediment Core Collection and Processing -- Establishing Geochronologies in Biomixed Cores -- Evaluating Plausible Contaminant Input Histories -- Caveats on the Interpretation of Biomixed Cores -- Cautionary Note About Environmental Change -- Conclusions -- References. , Contaminants in Marine Sedimentary Deposits from Coal Fly Ash During the Latest Permian Extinction -- Introduction -- The Latest Permian Extinction Event -- Siberian Trapsundefined -- Geological Evidence of the Link Between Great Extinction and Major Volcanismundefined -- Catastrophic Volcanic Mercury Emissionsundefined -- Geological Record of Mercury Contamination at the Latest Permian Extinction Event -- Background Mercury Loading Prior to the LPE: Initial Volcanic Mercury Loadings into the Ocean -- Mercury Toxicity: Collapse of Bio-productivity, Disruption of Organic Drawdown, and Catastrophic Accumulation of Dissolved Mercury in Ocean Water -- Tipping Point: Mercury Mitigation by Sulphide Drawdown, Ocean's Alternative Emergency Mechanism to Mitigate Toxic Mercury -- Post-extinction Recovery -- Re-establishing Hg OM-drawdownundefined -- Summary -- References -- Lake Sediment Records of Preindustrial Metal Pollution -- Introduction -- Early Investigations into Ancient Metal Pollution -- Preindustrial Metal Pollution in Europe -- Beyond Lead: Lake-Sediment Records of Historical Metal Pollution in the Bergslagen Mining Region of Central Sweden -- Preindustrial Metal Pollution in the South American Andes -- Early Cinnabar Mining and Mercury Amalgamation in the Andes -- Future Directions and Remaining Questions -- References -- Lacustrine Archives of Metals from Mining and Other Industrial Activities-A Geochemical Approach -- Part I. Review of Methods -- Processes -- Parent Material Heterogeneity -- Pedogenic Materials -- Element Fractionation During Transport from Parent Material to Lake Sediment -- Concentration Versus Flux -- Measurement -- Extraction Methods -- Analysing Solid Samples -- Analysis of Solutions -- Isotopic Determination (Hg and Pb) -- Quality Control -- Approaches to Calculation -- Raw Concentrations -- Ratio to Passive Tracer. , Enrichment Factors -- Fluxes and Mass Balance -- Normalisation to 210Pb -- Isotopic Signature and Mixing Models -- Part II: Applications -- Chronological Markers for Other Research -- Identifying and Quantifying Pre- and Post-mining Baseline States -- Lake Sediment Heavy Metal Records to Quantify Pollution Loading Histories, or to Identify Pollution Sources -- Identifying Pollutant Pathways or Environmental Processes Regulating Heavy Metals -- Concluding Statement -- References -- Organic Pollutants in Sediment Core Archives -- Introduction -- Chlorinated Persistent Organic Pollutants -- Brominated Flame Retardants -- Fluorinated Organic Contaminants -- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- Fecal Sterols -- Conclusions -- References -- Environmental Archives of Contaminant Particles -- Introduction -- Black Carbon -- What is Black Carbon? -- Black Carbon Effects on Climate -- Environmental Archives of Black Carbon -- Black Carbon in Ice Cores -- Black Carbon in Lake Sediments -- Spheroidal Carbonaceous Particles (SCPs) in Lake Sediments -- Other Industrial Particles: Inorganic Fly-Ash Particles -- Recent and Future Developments -- New and Emerging Particle Types -- Microplastics -- Nanoparticles -- Summary -- References -- Tracking Long-range AtmosphericTransport of Contaminants in ArcticRegions Using Lake Sediments -- Introduction -- Long-range Atmospheric Contaminant Transportand Deposition -- Impacts of Climate Change on Contaminant Transport and Deposition -- Use of Sediment Cores to Examine Contaminant Deposition -- Hg in Arctic Lake Sediment Cores -- POPs in Dated Lake Sediment Cores -- Legacy POPs -- PCBs -- HCH -- HCB -- DDT -- Toxaphene or CHB -- CHL -- Dieldrin, Aldrin and Endrin -- Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) -- New POPs -- Endosulfan -- BFRs -- PCNs -- PFCs -- Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Research -- References. , Tracking Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Trace Metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Organohalogen Compounds Using Lake Sediments of Mountain Regions -- Introduction -- Diffuse, Background Pollution -- The Contaminants -- Trace Metals -- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- Organohalogen Compounds -- Different Ways to Study the Sediment Archive -- Time Series -- Total Inventories -- Top-Bottom Approach and Enrichment Factors -- Whole-Lake Budgets -- Altitudinal and Other Geographical Variability -- Contaminant Distribution -- Trace Metals -- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- Organohalogen Compounds -- Understanding the Sediment Archive -- Atmospheric Transport to the Watershed: The Airshed -- Precipitation -- Dust -- Air Mass Trajectories and Distance to Source -- Topographical Barriers -- Grasshopper Effect -- Catchment to Lake Transport -- Snowpack -- Glaciers -- Soils -- Plants, Forest -- Confounding Processes -- Air-Water Exchange -- Water Column-Sediment Exchange -- Active and Fossil Sediments -- Modeling -- The Mountain Altitudinal Gradients and Contaminants -- Biological Impact and Ecological Risk Assessments -- Looking Forward: Research Perspectives in a Changing World -- References -- Using Peat Records as Natural Archives of Past Atmospheric Metal Deposition -- Introduction -- Linking Peat Records and Biomonitoring Data to Quantitatively Model Past Deposition -- Millennial History of Atmospheric Metal Pollution: The Foundation for Establishing the Utility of Peat as an Archive of Past Pollution -- Lead in Peat Records -- Stable Lead Isotopes (204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb & -- 208Pb) in Peat Records -- Mercury in Peat Records -- Other Pollutant Metals -- Pollution Records Beyond Europe -- Application of Peat Metal Records-Archaeology and the History of Mining and Metallurgy -- Dating Peat Records. , Confounding Factors that May Influence Metal Accumulation Records in Peat -- Future Outlooks -- References -- Historical Contaminant Records from Sclerochronological Archives -- Introduction -- Physiology and Archive Development -- Existing Archives -- Anthropogenic CO2 -- Metals as General Anthropogenic Pollution Tracers -- Oil Contamination -- Atmospheric Fallout -- Sewage and Fertilizer -- Land-Use Changes -- Mining -- Limitations -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Contaminant Records in Ice Cores -- Introduction -- Lead -- Mercury -- Platinum Group Elements -- Other Trace Elements -- Organic Compounds -- Black Carbon -- Radionuclides -- Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Use of Catalogued Long-term Biological Collections and Samples for Determining Changes in Contaminant Exposure to Organisms -- Introduction -- Data Interpretation and Cautions -- Case Studies -- Isle Royale-a Comparison of Multiple Records of Mercury Pollution -- Mercury in Tuna, Revisited -- Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Gull Eggs from Scotch Bonnet Island, Lake Ontario -- Recommendations and Conclusions -- References -- Tracking Contaminant Transport From Biovectors -- Introduction -- Prerequisites for Pollutant Transport in Biological Systems -- Biovectors for Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) -- Human Consumers as Recipients of Biovector Transported Pollutants -- The Polar Bear as Indicator of Arctic Change -- Anadromous Fish Species as POP Biovectors -- Sea Birds as Pollutant Carriers -- Water Snakes as Pollutant Carriers -- Biovectors for Trace Metals and Radioactive Materials -- Terrestrial Environment Pathways -- Marine Environment Pathways and Linkage into the Fresh Water -- Biovectors as Archive for Temporal Trend Investigations -- Biovector Transport of Pollutants and Climate Change -- State of the Science and Knowledge Gaps. , Concluding Remarks.

Note: Intro -- Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments -- Preface -- Structure of the Book -- About The Editors -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I Introduction, Numerical Overview, and Data-Sets -- Chapter 1: The March Towards the Quantitative Analysis of Palaeolimnological Data -- Palaeolimnology -- Types of Palaeolimnological Data -- Different Temporal Scales: From Surface-Sediment Calibration Sets to Detailed Sediment-Core Studies -- Opportunities and Challenges -- Outline of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: Overview of Numerical Methods in Palaeolimnology -- Introduction -- Types of Palaeolimnological Data -- The Role of Quantification in Palaeolimnology -- Overview of Numerical Methods -- Identification, Classification, and Assignment -- Exploratory Data Analysis -- Regression Analysis and Statistical Modelling -- Introduction to Regression Analysis and Statistical Modelling -- General Linear Models -- Extending the General Linear Model -- Introduction -- Generalised Linear Models -- Mixed-Effects Models -- Non-parametric Regression Models -- Classification and Regression Trees (CARTs) -- Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Self-Organising Maps (SOMs) -- Multivariate Regression -- Model Selection and Shrinkage -- Quantitative Environmental Reconstruction, Calibration, and Inverse Regression -- Temporal-Series Analysis -- Confirmatory Data Analysis -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Data-Sets -- Introduction -- The Round Loch of Glenhead Data-Set -- The SWAP Data-Set -- Data Availability -- References -- Part II Numerical Methods for the Analysis of Modern and Stratigraphical Palaeolimnological Data -- Chapter 4: Introduction and Overview of Part II -- Introduction -- Data Collection and Data Assessment -- Identification -- Error Estimation -- Data Storage and Data-Bases -- Exploratory Data Analysis -- Data Summarisation. , Data Analysis -- Gradient Lengths and Compositional Turnover in Palaeolimnological Data -- Estimating Richness from Palaeolimnological Data -- Estimating Species Optima and Tolerances Using Palaeolimnological Data -- Comparison of Clusterings and Ordinations of Palaeolimnological Data -- Data Interpretation -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Exploratory Data Analysis and Data Display -- Introduction -- Exploring Univariate Distributions -- Graphical Tools -- Data Transformation -- Graphical Techniques for Categorical (Nominal and Ordinal) Data -- Exploring Bivariate Relationships -- Multivariate Techniques -- Time-Series Data -- Outlier Detection and Treatment -- Missing Values -- Graph Drawing -- Software -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Assessment of Uncertainties Associated with Palaeolimnological Laboratory Methods and Microfossil Analysis -- Introduction -- Single Parameter Estimates -- Microfossil Counts -- Percentages (Taxa as Proportions of an Overall Sum) -- Treating Taxa as Ratios of Types (Counting Outside the Sum) -- Treating Taxa as Numbers of Individuals Per Volume or Weight (Microfossil Concentrations) -- Treating Taxa as Numbers of Individuals Per Unit Surface Per Year (Accumulation Rates, Influx) -- Artificial Count Data to Assess the Errors Associated with Low Microfossil Counts -- Inter-laboratory Comparisons -- Software Availability -- Estimating Varve-Counting Errors -- Multi-core Studies -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Clustering and Partitioning -- Introduction -- Artificial Example -- Basic Concepts in Clustering -- Unconstrained Agglomerative Clustering Methods -- K-Means Partitioning -- Example: The SWAP-UK Data -- Constrained Clustering in One Dimension -- Example: The Round Loch of Glenhead (RLGH) Fossil Data -- Constrained Clustering in Two Dimensions -- Example: The SWAP-UK Data. , Clustering Constrained by Canonical Analysis -- Indicator Species Analysis -- Example: The Round Loch of Glenhead (RLGH) Fossil Data -- Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis -- Example: The SWAP-UK Data -- Multivariate Regression Trees -- Example: The SWAP-UK Data -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: From Classical to Canonical Ordination -- Introduction -- Basic Concepts in Simple Ordination -- Transformation of Physical Data -- Transformation of Assemblage Composition Data -- Choice of an Appropriate Distance Function -- Euclidean or Cartesian Space, Euclidean Representation -- Metric or Non-metric Ordination? -- How Many Axes Are Required? -- Simple Ordination Methods: PCA, CA, PCoA, NMDS -- Introduction to Canonical Ordination -- Canonical Ordination Methods -- Linear RDA -- Linear CCA -- Other Forms of Asymmetric Canonical Analyses -- Spatial or Temporal Analysis Through Variation Partitioning -- Modelling Temporal Structure in Sediment Cores [and Environmental Structure in Modern Assemblages] -- Testing Hypotheses in (Multi-) Factorial Experiments -- Software -- References -- Chapter 9: Statistical Learning in Palaeolimnology -- Introduction -- Classification and Regression Trees -- Multivariate Regression Trees -- Other Types of Tree-Based Machine-Learning Methods (Bagging, Boosted Trees, Random Forests, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines) -- Bagging -- Random Forests -- Boosting -- Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines -- Artificial Neural Networks and Self-organising Maps -- Artificial Neural Networks -- Self-organising Maps -- Bayesian Networks -- Genetic Algorithms -- Principal Curves and Surfaces -- Shrinkage Methods and Variable Selection -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Part III Numerical Methods for the Analysis of Stratigraphical Palaeolimnological Data -- Chapter 10: Introduction and Overview of Part III. , Introduction -- Data Collection and Data Assessment -- Identification -- Data Assessment and Error Estimation -- Data Summarisation -- Single Stratigraphical Data-Sets -- Two or More Stratigraphical Sequences -- Data Analysis -- Rate-of-Change Analysis -- Population Analysis -- Stratigraphical Changes in Taxonomic Richness -- Temporal-Series Analysis -- Quantifying Recent Change -- Quantitative Palaeoenvironmental Reconstructions -- Data Interpretation -- Community and Assemblage Reconstruction -- Causative Factors -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Analysis of Stratigraphical Data -- Introduction -- Zonation -- Techniques -- Determining the Number of Zones -- Software -- Example of Use -- Splitting of Individual Stratigraphical Sequences -- Example of Use -- Summarising Stratigraphical PatternsUsing Ordination Results -- Summarising Palaeoecological PatternsUsing Cluster Analysis -- Quantifying Recent Change -- Rate-of-Change Analysis -- Example of Use -- Future Developments -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12: Estimation of Age-Depth Relationships -- Introduction -- Radiocarbon Dating -- Errors -- The Need for Radiocarbon Calibration -- Calibration Methods -- Reduction to Single Point Estimates -- Age-Depth Models -- Analytical vs. Monte Carlo Age-Depth Models -- Basic Age-Depth Models -- Linear Interpolation -- Polynomials -- Splines -- Other Models -- Mixed-Effects Models -- Implementation -- Bayesian Age-Depth Modelling -- Chronological Ordering -- Wiggle-Match Dating -- Other Models -- Software Packages -- Discussion -- Choice of Model -- Conclusions and Future Developments -- References -- Chapter 13: Core Correlation -- Introduction -- Theory and Method -- Case Studies -- Ice Chronology -- Mountain and Arctic Lakes -- Other Palaeolimnological Applications -- Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 14: Quantitative Environmental Reconstructions from Biological Data -- Introduction -- Training-Set Development -- Numerical Methods -- Introduction -- Classical Methods -- Inverse Methods -- Weighted-Averaging (WA) Regression and Calibration -- Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Weighted-Averaging Partial Least Squares Regression and Calibration (WAPLS) -- Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) -- Modern Analogue Technique (MAT) -- Locally-Weighted Weighted-Averaging (LWWA) Regression and Calibration -- Bayesian Methods -- Model Selection and Evaluation -- Spatial Autocorrelation and Environmental Reconstruction -- Reconstruction Testing, Evaluation, and Validation -- Assessing the Statistical Significance of a Quantitative Reconstruction -- RMSEP and Sample-Specific Error Estimates -- Goodness-of-Fit and Analogue Measures -- Comparison of Reconstructions Using DifferentNumerical Methods -- Comparison of Reconstructions Using Different Proxies -- Case Study -- Assumptions and Limitations -- Software -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Chapter 15: Analogue Methods in Palaeolimnology -- Introduction -- The Modern Analogue Technique (MAT) -- Analogue Matching -- Dissimilarity and Dimensionality -- The Curse of Dimensionality -- How Similar Is Similar Enough? -- Choosing k to Optimise RMSEP -- Choosing k via Dissimilarity Jumps -- Reference Distributions of Dissimilarities -- Monte Carlo Resampling -- Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves -- Logistic Regression Modelling -- Evaluation of Environmental Reconstructions -- Software -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Chapter 16: Autocorrelogram and Periodogram Analyses of Palaeolimnological Temporal-Series from Lakes in Central and Western North America to Assess Shifts in Drought Conditions -- Introduction -- Statistical Background -- Time-Domain Approach. , Frequency-Domain Approach.

Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Dedication -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Part I Introduction -- 1 Applications and uses of diatoms: prologue -- References -- Part II Diatoms as indicators of environmental change in flowing waters and lakes -- 2 Assessing environmental conditions in rivers and streams with diatoms -- Introduction -- Rationale for using diatoms -- Methods -- RESEARCH DESIGN -- SAMPLING PLANKTON AND PERIPHYTON -- Assemblage characteristics used in assessment -- BIOMASS ASSAY -- DIVERSITY -- SPECIES COMPOSITION -- AUTECOLOGICAL INDICES -- MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS -- CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS -- FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS -- Assessment of biotic integrity and diagnosis of environmental stressors -- Concluding remarks -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Diatoms as indicators of hydrologic and climatic change in saline lakes -- Introduction -- LAKE HYDROLOGY AND HYDROCHEMISTRY -- LAKE SALINITY AND BRINE COMPOSITION -- DIATOMS AND LAKEWATER CHEMISTRY -- Tools for environmental reconstruction -- Environmental reconstructions -- AFRICAN AND ASIAN RECORDS OF QUATERNARY CLIMATE AND HYDROLOGY -- NORTH AMERICAN RECORDS OF QUATERNARY CLIMATE AND HYDROLOGY -- HIGH-RESOLUTION STUDIES OF SHORT-TERM CLIMATIC VARIABILITY -- Problems in interpretation of climate and hydrology from fossil diatom records -- TAPHONOMY -- DISSOLUTION -- SALINITY RECONSTRUCTION -- CLIMATIC RECONSTRUCTION -- Summary -- References -- 4 Diatoms as mediators of biogeochemical silica depletion in the Laurentian Great Lakes -- Introduction -- Mass balance considerations -- Role of nutrient enrichment -- Development and degree of silica limitation -- EPILIMNETIC SILICA DEPLETION -- RAPID EPILIMNETIC SILICA DEPLETION -- WATER COLUMN SILICA DEPLETION -- LAKE ERIE: A NATURAL CHEMOSTAT -- Paleolimnological evidence: comparison among lakes. , LAKE SUPERIOR AND LAKE HURON - NO SILICA DEPLETION OR SEASONAL SILICA LIMITATION (FIG. 4.1) -- LAKE MICHIGAN - RECENT SEASONAL (EPILIMNETIC) SILICA LIMITATION -- LAKE ONTARIO - SEASONAL (EPILIMNETIC) SILICA LIMITATION -- LAKE ONTARIO AND LAKE ERIE - WATER COLUMN SILICA LIMITATION -- Future Research -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Diatoms as indicators of surface water acidity -- Introduction -- Diatoms and pH in acid waters -- PH CLASSIFICATION: THE HUSTEDT SYSTEM -- PH RECONSTRUCTION USING THE HUSTEDT PH CLASSIFICATION -- PH RECONSTRUCTION USING NON-LINEAR MODELS AND A SPECIES-BASED APPROACH -- Diatoms, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and aluminium in acid waters -- Application of diatom analysis to questions of changing surface water acidity -- NATURAL ACIDIFICATION PROCESSES -- HUMAN MODIFICATION OF CATCHMENT SOILS AND VEGETATION -- THE INFLUENCE OF STRONG ACIDS -- Diatoms and the management of acidified waters -- AMELIORATION STRATEGIES -- RECOVERY AND REVERSIBILITY -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Diatoms as indicators of lake eutrophication -- Introduction -- Why diatoms are useful indicators of lake eutrophication -- Approaches -- EXPERIMENTS -- FIELD OBSERVATION -- Responses of periphytic diatoms to eutrophication -- Using diatoms to investigate past eutrophication -- MODERN QUANTITATIVE METHODS -- ASSESSMENT OF DIATOM-TP MODEL PERFORMANCE, ERRORS AND EVALUATION -- Case Studies -- INDIVIDUAL LAKE STUDIES -- REGIONAL ASSESSMENTS USING DIATOMS -- EUTROPHICATION MANAGEMENT USING DIATOMS IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER APPROACHES -- USING DIATOMS TO EVALUATE EMPIRICAL EUTROPHICATION MODELS -- USING DIATOMS TO QUANTIFY FACTORS REGULATING LAKE EUTROPHICATION -- Future directions -- MULTIPLE INDICATOR STUDIES -- USING DIATOM-TP INFERENCE MODELS TO ESTIMATE PAST CHANGES IN P LOADING AND P SEDIMENTATION COEFFICIENTS. , Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Continental diatoms as indicators of long-term environmental change -- Introduction -- Definitions and concepts -- What sites are available for long-term studies? -- How are diatoms interpreted in long records? -- Research directions -- GEOLOGY AND TECTONISM -- BIOGEOGRAPHY, ECOLOGY, AND EVOLUTION -- PALEOENVIRONMENTS AND PALEOCLIMATES -- Problems with long diatom records -- Summary -- References -- 8 Diatoms as indicators of water level change in freshwater lakes -- Introduction -- Types of diatom indicators -- LIFE FORM -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT -- TURBULENCE -- NUTRIENT ENVIRONMENT -- pH -- Quantitative reconstructions -- REGRESSION -- ORDINATION -- WEIGHTED AVERAGE ANALYSIS -- Applications of diatom-inferred depth changes in lakes -- ISOSTATIC REBOUND -- DIATOM EVIDENCE FOR WATER LEVEL CHANGES IN GREAT LAKES WETLANDS -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part III Diatoms as indicators in extreme environments -- 9 Diatoms as indicators of environmental change near arctic and alpine treeline -- Introduction -- Diatoms as paleoenvironmental indicators at treeline -- The Arctic -- NORTH AMERICA -- SCANDINAVIA -- SIBERIA -- The Alps -- A STEEP ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT -- A CASE STUDY OF CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS: THE LATE-GLACIAL -- INDIRECT EFFECTS: A TEMPERATURE-PH RELATIONSHIP IN ALPINE LAKES -- Common features to arctic and alpine diatom assemblages -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Freshwater diatoms as indicators of environmental change in the High Arctic -- Introduction -- Limnological setting -- Historical review -- Applications and case studies -- ICE COVER AND RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES -- RIVER INFLOWS -- HIGH RESOLUTION STUDIES -- PEAT DEPOSITS -- SNOW, ICE, FROST, AND ICE CORES -- MARINE/LACUSTRINE TRANSITIONS. , MONITORING AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS AND LOCAL DISTURBANCES -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Diatoms as indicators of environmental change in antarctic freshwaters -- Introduction -- Antarctic diatoms -- Diatoms as indicators of climate -- Changes in lake salinity -- Lacustrine environmental change -- Use of diatoms in determining historical lake ice cover -- Environmental change in surrounding watersheds -- Presence of freshwater taxa in marine environments -- Presence of marine taxa in freshwater environments -- Diatoms in ice cores -- Summary -- References -- 12 Diatoms of aerial habitats -- Introduction -- Systematics -- Ecology -- FACTORS INFLUENCING DISTRIBUTION -- BIOGEOGRAPHY -- Applications -- AERIAL DIATOMS AS INDICATORS -- AERIAL HABITATS AS STUDY SYSTEMS -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part IV Diatoms as indicators in marine and estuarine environments -- 13 Diatoms as indicators of coastal paleoenvironments and relative sea-level change -- Introduction -- Identification and reconstruction of the paleoenvironment -- USING CONTEMPORARY ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION -- EVIDENCE FROM THE STRATIGRAPHIC RECORD: FOSSIL DIATOM BIOFACIES -- Inferring relative sea-level changes and coastal processes using diatoms -- TRANSGRESSIONS, REGRESSIONS, SEA-LEVEL TENDENCIES AND SEA-LEVEL CURVES -- DIATOM CONTRIBUTIONS TO SEA-LEVEL TENDENCY ASSESSMENT -- SEA-LEVEL RECONSTRUCTION -- DIATOM STRATIGRAPHIES WITH ENVIRONMENTAL DISCORDANCIES -- Future developments -- Summary -- References -- 14 Diatoms and environmental change in brackish waters -- Introduction -- Diatoms as biological indicators in brackish water -- Brackish-water diatoms and salinity -- HABITATS -- SPECIES AND POPULATIONS -- COMMUNITIES -- DIVERSITY -- PALEOECOLOGY -- Brackish water diatoms and nutrients -- Brackish water diatoms and temperature. , Brackish water diatoms and light -- Brackish water diatoms and contaminants -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 15 Applied diatom studies in estuaries and shallow coastal environments -- Introduction -- Eutrophication -- DISTRIBUTIONAL STUDIES -- STUDIES UTILIZING DIVERSITY STATISTICS -- WATER QUALITY INDICES -- FUNCTIONAL STUDIES -- STUDIES OF SEAGRASS EPIPHYTES -- THERMAL POLLUTION -- Sediment stability -- Resuspension -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 16 Estuarine paleoenvironmental reconstructions using diatoms -- Introduction -- Estuaries -- DESCRIPTION -- EUTROPHICATION -- HABITATS AND ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY -- Using diatoms in estuarine paleoecology studies -- DIATOMS IN ESTUARIES -- SILICA CYCLING IN ESTUARIES -- VALVE PRESERVATION -- Methods -- ESTUARINE SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS AND CHOOSING CORING SITES -- SEDIMENT DATING, SEDIMENTATION RATES, AND CORE CHRONOLOGIES -- EXTRACTION METHODS -- SPECIES IDENTIFICATIONS AND REFERENCES -- STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA -- Studies -- CALIBRATION SETS -- HUMAN IMPACTS: EUTROPHICATION, LAND CLEARANCE, AND OTHER POLLUTION SOURCES -- CASE STUDIES FROM MID-ATLANTIC USA -- SEA LEVEL CHANGES/SALINITY RECONSTRUCTIONS -- Summary -- References -- 17 Diatoms and marine paleoceanography -- Introduction -- Temperature -- Sea-ice and the marginal ice zone -- Conditions and rates of primary production -- CHAETOCEROS SPORES AND BLOOMS -- MONOSPECIFIC MATS AND STRATIFIED WATERS -- Varved Sediments and Seasonal Variability -- Lateral Transport -- Marine records before the Pleistocene -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part V Other applications -- 18 Diatoms and archeology -- Introduction -- Analysis of archeological artefacts -- Analysis of archeological sediments -- Site-based paleoenvironmental reconstructions -- Regional paleoenvironmental reconstructions -- Conclusions -- Summary. , Acknowledgments.

Note: Intro -- Preface to the second edition -- About the author -- 1 There is no substitute for water -- 2 How long is long? -- 3 Sediments: an ecosystem's memory -- 4 Retrieving the sedimentary archive and establishing the geochronological clock: collecting and dating sediment cores -- 5 Reading the records stored in sediments: the present is a key to the past -- 6 The paleolimnologist's Rosetta Stone: calibrating indicators to environmental variables using surface-sediment training sets -- 7 Acidification: finding the "smoking gun" -- 8 Metals, technological development, and the environment -- 9 Persistent organic pollutants: industrially synthesized chemicals "hopping" across the planet -- 10 Mercury - "the metal that slipped away" -- 11 Eutrophication: the environmental consequences of over-fertilization -- 12 Erosion: tracking the accelerated movement of material from land to water -- 13 Species invasions, biomanipulations, and extirpations -- 14 Greenhouse gas emissions and a changing atmosphere: tracking the effects of climatic change on water resources -- 15 Ozone depletion, acid rain, and climatic warming: the problems of multiple stressors -- 16 New problems, new challenges -- 17 Paleolimnology: a window on the past, a key to our future -- Glossary -- References -- Index.

Note: Atlas of Chrysophycean Cysts Volume II -- Developments in Hydrobiology 157 -- Copyright -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Rationale for Vol II -- CHAPTER 2 Methods -- CHAPTER 3 Terminology -- CHAPTER 4 Cyst Descriptions -- CHAPTER 5 Unidentified Stomatocysts Identified by LM only -- CHAPTER 6: COUNT SHEET -- REFERENCES -- STOMATOCYST INDEX -- SPECIES INDEX.