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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multidecadal variability in East African hydroclimate controlled by the Indian Ocean
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2013
    In:  Nature Vol. 493, No. 7432 ( 2013-01-17), p. 389-392
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 493, No. 7432 ( 2013-01-17), p. 389-392
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/nature11785
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2013
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    SSG: 11
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reply to “Comments on ‘Erroneous Model Field Representations in Multiple Pseudoproxy Studies: Corrections and Implications’”*
    American Meteorological Society ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 26, No. 10 ( 2013-05-15), p. 3485-3486
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 26, No. 10 ( 2013-05-15), p. 3485-3486
    Abstract: The commenters confirm the errors identified and discussed in Smerdon et al., which either invalidated or required the reinterpretation of quantitative results from pseudoproxy experiments presented or used in several earlier papers. These errors have a strong influence on the spatial skill assessments of climate field reconstructions (CFRs), despite their small impacts on skill statistics averaged over the Northern Hemisphere. On the basis of spatial performance and contrary to the claim by the commenters, the Regularized Expectation Maximization method using truncated total least squares (RegEM-TTLS) cannot be considered a preferred CFR technique. Moreover, distinctions between CFR methods in the context of the discussion in the original paper are immaterial. Continued investigations using accurately described and faithfully executed pseudoproxy experiments are critical for further evaluation and improvement of CFR methods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00165.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Erroneous Model Field Representations in Multiple Pseudoproxy Studies: Corrections and Implications*
    American Meteorological Society ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 23, No. 20 ( 2010-10-15), p. 5548-5554
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 23, No. 20 ( 2010-10-15), p. 5548-5554
    Abstract: Pseudoproxy experiments evaluate statistical methods used to reconstruct climate fields from paleoclimatic proxies during the Common Era. These experiments typically employ output from millennial simulations by general circulation models (GCMs). It is demonstrated that multiple published pseudoproxy studies have used erroneously processed GCM surface temperature fields: the NCAR Community Climate System Model (CCSM), version 1.4, field was incorrectly oriented geographically and the GKSS ECHO-g FOR1 field was corrupted by a hemispheric-scale smoothing in the Western Hemisphere. These problems are not associated with the original model simulations; they instead arose because of incorrect processing of the model data for the pseudoproxy experiments. The consequences of these problems are evaluated for the studies in which the incorrect fields were used. Some quantitative results are invalidated by the findings: these include all experiments that used the corrupted ECHO-g field and those aspects of previous CCSM experiments that focused on Niño-3 reconstructions. Other results derived from the CCSM field can be reinterpreted based on the information provided herein and their qualitative characteristics remain similar.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2010JCLI3742.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Late winter temperature response to large tropical volcanic eruptions in temperate western North America: Relationship to ENSO phases
    Elsevier BV ; 2014
    In:  Global and Planetary Change Vol. 122 ( 2014-11), p. 238-250
    Details
    In: Global and Planetary Change, Elsevier BV, Vol. 122 ( 2014-11), p. 238-250
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0921-8181
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.08.005
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2014
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    SSG: 13
    SSG: 14
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Air-ground temperature coupling and subsurface propagation of annual temperature signals : AIR-GROUND TEMPERATURE COUPLING
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 109, No. D21 ( 2004-11-16), p. n/a-n/a
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 109, No. D21 ( 2004-11-16), p. n/a-n/a
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2004JD005056
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2004
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Continental heat gain in the global climate system
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2002
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 29, No. 8 ( 2002-04)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 29, No. 8 ( 2002-04)
    Abstract: Recent estimates have shown the heat gained by the ocean, atmosphere, and cryosphere as 18.2 · 10 22 J, 6.6 · 10 21 J, and 8.1 · 10 21 J, respectively over the past half‐century. However, the heat gain of the lithosphere via a heat flux across the solid surface of the continents (29% of the Earth's surface) has not been addressed. Here we calculate that component of Earth's changing energy budget, using ground‐surface temperature reconstructions for the continents. In the last half‐century there was an average flux of 39.1 mW m −2 across the land surface into the subsurface, leading to 9.1 · 10 21 J absorbed by the ground. The heat inputs during the last half‐century into all the major components of the climate system — atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, lithosphere‐reinforce the conclusion that the warming during the interval has been global.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2001GL014310
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2002
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Projected Changes to Hydroclimate Seasonality in the Continental United States
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2021
    In:  Earth's Future Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2021-09)
    Details
    In: Earth's Future, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2021-09)
    Abstract: Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models project changes to the annual cycle of many hydroclimate variables, many of which are more significant than annual mean changes In the continental United States, there are significant earlier shifts in the annual cycle in a high emissions scenario Significant changes to the annual cycle are largely avoided in the lowest‐emissions scenario
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2328-4277 , 2328-4277
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2021EF002019
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bridging Past and Future Climate across Paleoclimatic Reconstructions, Observations, and Models: A Hydroclimate Case Study*
    American Meteorological Society ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2015-04-15), p. 3212-3231
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2015-04-15), p. 3212-3231
    Abstract: Potential biases in tree-ring reconstructed Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) are evaluated using Thornthwaite (TH), Penman–Monteith (PM), and self-calibrating Penman–Monteith (SC) PDSI in three diverse regions of the United States and tree-ring chronologies from the North American drought atlas (NADA). Minimal differences are found between the three PDSI reconstructions and all compare favorably to independently reconstructed Thornthwaite-based PDSI from the NADA. Reconstructions are bridged with model-derived PDSI_TH and PDSI_PM, which both closely track modeled soil moisture (near surface and full column) during the twentieth century. Differences between modeled moisture-balance metrics only emerge in twenty-first-century projections. These differences confirm the tendency of PDSI_TH to overestimate drying when temperatures exceed the range of the normalization interval; the more physical accounting of PDSI_PM compares well with modeled soil moisture in the projection interval. Remaining regional differences in the secular behavior of projected soil moisture and PDSI_PM are interpreted in terms of underlying physical processes and temporal sampling. Results demonstrate the continued utility of PDSI as a metric of surface moisture balance while additionally providing two recommendations for future work: 1) PDSI_PM (or similar moisture-balance metrics) compare well to modeled soil moisture and are an appropriate means of representing soil-moisture balance in model simulations and 2) although PDSI_PM is more physically appropriate than PDSI_TH, the latter metric does not bias tree-ring reconstructions of past hydroclimate variability and, as such, reconstructions targeting PDSI_TH can be used with confidence in data–model comparisons. These recommendations and the collective results of this study thus provide a framework for comparing hydroclimate variability within paleoclimatic, observational, and modeled data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00417.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterizing Land–Atmosphere Coupling and the Implications for Subsurface Thermodynamics
    American Meteorological Society ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2007-01-01), p. 21-37
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2007-01-01), p. 21-37
    Abstract: The objective of this work is to develop a Simple Land-Interface Model (SLIM) that captures the seasonal and interannual behavior of land–atmosphere coupling, as well as the subsequent subsurface temperature evolution. The model employs the one-dimensional thermal diffusion equation driven by a surface flux boundary condition. While the underlying physics is straightforward, the SLIM framework allows a qualitative understanding of the first-order controls that govern the seasonal coupling between the land and atmosphere by implicitly representing the dominant processes at the land surface. The model is used to perform a suite of experiments that demonstrate how changes in surface air temperature and coupling conditions control subsurface temperature evolution. The work presented here suggests that a collective approach employing both complex and simple models, when joined with analyses of observational data, has the potential to increase understanding of land–atmosphere coupling and the subsequent evolution of subsurface temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3982.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hydroclimate Variability and Change in the Prairie Pothole Region, the “Duck Factory” of North America*
    American Meteorological Society ; 2014
    In:  Earth Interactions Vol. 18, No. 14 ( 2014-01-01), p. 1-28
    Details
    In: Earth Interactions, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 18, No. 14 ( 2014-01-01), p. 1-28
    Abstract: The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the northern Great Plains is a vital ecosystem responsible each year for producing 50%–80% of new recruits to the North American duck population. Climate variability and change can impact the hydrology and ecology of the region with implications for waterfowl populations. The historical relationship between PPR wetlands, duck populations, and seasonal hydroclimate are explored. Model experiments from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project are used to determine whether a recent wetting trend is due to natural variability or changing climate and how PPR hydroclimate will change into the future. Year-to-year variations in May duck populations, pond numbers, and the Palmer drought severity index are well correlated over past decades. Pond and duck numbers tend to increase in spring following La Niña events, but the correlation is not strong. Model simulations suggest that the strengthening of the precipitation gradient across the PPR over the past century is predominantly due to natural variability and therefore could reverse. Model projections of future climate indicate precipitation will increase across the PPR in all seasons except summer, but this gain for surface moisture is largely offset by increased evapotranspiration because of higher temperatures and increased atmospheric evaporative demand. In summer, the combined effects of warming and precipitation changes indicate seasonal surface drying in the future. The presented hydroclimate analyses produce potential inputs to ecological and hydrological simulations of PPR wetlands to inform risk analysis of how this North American waterfowl habitat will evolve in the future, providing guidance to land managers facing conservation decisions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1087-3562
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/EI-D-14-0004.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025258-4
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