Note: Intro -- 1-4 -- Preface -- Chap-1 -- Chap-2 -- Chap-3 -- Chap-4 -- Chap-5 -- Chap-6 -- Chap-7 -- Chap-8 -- Chap-9 -- Chap-10 -- Chap-11 -- Chap-12 -- Chap-13 -- Chap-14 -- Chap-15 -- Chap-16 -- Chap-17 -- Chap-18 -- Chap-19 -- Chap-20 -- Chap-21 -- Chap-22 -- Chap-23 -- Index -- About the Editor.

Note: Front Cover -- Plant Breeding and Cultivar Development -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Plant breeding: past, present, and future perspectives -- Primitive agriculture and crop domestication -- Pre-Mendelian plant breeding -- Mendelian plant breeding -- Plant breeding in the 20th and 21st centuries -- Green revolution -- Genetically modified crops -- Molecular markers in plant breeding -- Advances in image based and high-throughput phenotyping -- Contributions of plant breeding to the world agriculture -- Complementary role of public and private sector plant breeding -- Future plant breeding -- 2 Mode of reproduction in crop plants -- Sexual reproduction -- The alternation of generation -- Self-pollinated species -- Mechanisms that promote self-fertilization -- Genetic consequences of self-fertilization -- Cross-pollinated species -- Mechanisms that promote cross-fertilization -- Genetic consequences of cross-fertilization -- Asexual reproduction -- Vegetative propagation -- Apomixis -- Genetic consequences of asexual reproduction -- Determination of mode of reproduction -- Selfing and crossing -- Methods of emasculation -- Precautions during emasculation -- Pollination -- Precautions during pollination -- Male sterility and self-incompatibility -- Male sterility -- Self-incompatibility -- Role of self-incompatibility in plant breeding -- Utilization of self-incompatibility in plant breeding -- 3 Genetics in relation to plant breeding -- Cell structure (typical plant cell structure) -- Cell division -- Mitosis -- Meiosis -- Chromosome -- Gene -- Genome -- Mendelian inheritance -- Law of segregation -- Law of independent assortment -- Gene interactions -- Chi-square goodness of fit test -- Linkage and crossing over -- Detection of linkage -- Linkage map -- Incomplete dominance and codominance -- Multiple alleles. , Pleiotropy -- Penetrance and expressivity -- Modifying genes -- Threshold characters -- Quantitative inheritance -- Cytoplasmic inheritance -- Linking plant breeding with molecular biology -- 4 Primer on population and quantitative genetics -- Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium -- Factors affecting equilibrium in the population -- Types of populations in a breeding program, and mating designs -- Simple populations -- Three-parent cross -- Double cross -- Complex populations -- Nested or factorial designs -- Top cross -- Polycross -- Combining ability -- Qualitative and quantitative traits -- Types of gene action -- Phenotype, genotype, and environment -- Genotype × environment interactions and stability analyses -- Stability analyses -- Mean-CV -- Regression coefficient type analyses -- Superiority measure -- Multivariate approaches -- Practical consideration for a plant breeder -- Heritability -- Methods for estimating heritability -- Modes of selection -- Systems of mating -- Random mating -- Non-random mating -- Types of response to selection -- Selection theory -- Expected genetic gain -- Variability in the response to selection -- Practical considerations for plant breeders -- Few recommendations to reduce the effect of environment -- Estimated breeding value -- Multiple trait selection -- Generation to select and population sizes -- 5 Plant genetic resources -- Interspecific hybridization -- Polyploidy -- Genetic diversity -- Centers of origin -- Primary and secondary gene centers -- Megagene Centers -- Microcenters -- Centers and non-centers -- Law of homologous series -- Gene pools -- National Germplasm Banks -- Acclimatization -- Plant quarantine -- Genetic erosion -- Genetic vulnerability -- Prebreeding -- Germplasm exploration and collection -- Germplasm conservation -- Molecular conservation -- Evaluation of germplasm. , Documentation of germplasm -- Distribution of germplasm -- Material Transfer Agreement -- The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture -- Text for Farmer's Rights from The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture -- Utilization of germplasm -- 6 Wide hybridization -- Barriers to wide hybridization -- External factors -- Internal factors -- Triticum spp. (wheat) -- Oryza spp. (rice) -- Gossypium spp. (cotton) -- Saccharum spp. (sugarcane) -- Lycopersicon spp. (tomato) -- Cajanus spp. (pigeon pea) -- Cicer spp. (chickpea) -- Vigna spp. (mung bean and urd bean) -- Advantages of wide hybridization -- Limitations of wide hybridization -- 7 Haploidy and polyploidy in crop improvement -- Haploids -- Common wheat -- Maize -- Barley -- Anther, Pollen and Microspore Culture -- Other crops -- Techniques for chromosome doubling -- Advantages and uses of haploids -- Disadvantages of haploids -- Polyploidy -- 8 Hybridization and selection in self-pollinated crops -- Early history of hybridization -- Steps in the development of pure line cultivars -- Setting plant breeding objectives -- Selection of parents -- Procedures of hybridization -- Growing the F1 hybrid generation -- Genetic basis of combination breeding -- Handling of segregating generations -- Reduction of inter-row competition -- 9 Mass and pure line selection -- The pure line theory -- Genetic basis of pure line selection -- Pure line selection -- General procedure of pure line selection -- How pure line become impure? -- How long does a pure line remain pure? -- Merits of pure line selection -- Limitations of pure line selection -- Mass selection -- Merits of mass selection -- Limitations of mass selection -- 10 Bulk method -- General procedure of bulk method -- Modifications of bulk method -- Salient features. , Genetic basis of bulk method -- Application of bulk method -- Merits of bulk method -- Limitations of bulk method -- 11 Pedigree method -- General procedures for pedigree selection -- Modified pedigree methods -- Early modifications of pedigree method -- Early generation yield testing -- Genetic basis of pedigree method -- Application of pedigree method -- Examples of pedigree method and its modifications in legume cultivars -- Examples of modified pedigree method in the development of wheat cultivars -- Merits of pedigree method -- Limitations of pedigree method -- Writing pedigree and selection history -- F& -- num -- and S& -- num -- symbols -- Single gene example with two homozygous parents -- Using "Fx:y" or "Sx:y" to describe breeding lines according to the generation they were derived -- Writing a standard pedigree -- Writing a backcross pedigree -- Assigning an identity number to each cross or backcross -- Recording selection history using a Breeder's cross identification designation -- 12 Single seed descent method -- General outline of single seed descent method -- Examples of single seed descent method and its variations -- Genetic basis of single seed descent method -- Application of single seed descent method -- Merits of single seed descent method -- Limitations of single seed descent method -- 13 Backcross method -- The recurrent parent -- Maintenance of the character under transfer -- General out-line of the backcross method -- Dominant gene transfer -- Recessive gene transfer -- Backcrossing procedures in different scenarios -- Modifications of the backcross method -- Genetic basis of the backcross method -- Number of backcrosses -- Seasons needed for backcrossing -- Application of the backcross method -- Merits of the backcross method -- Limitations of the backcross method -- 14 Mutation breeding -- Main classes of mutagenesis. , Types of mutations -- Spontaneous mutation and cultivar development -- Induced mutation and cultivar development -- Important factors to consider in mutation breeding -- Mutagen(s) and their doses -- Chemicals -- Radiation -- Choice of variety -- When to use mutation breeding -- Mutation breeding methodology -- Identification of mutations -- Scenario I: desired allele is recessive "a" -- Scenario II: desired allele is dominant "A" -- Major differences between seed and vegetatively propagated crops -- 15 Inbreeding depression and heterosis -- Effects of inbreeding -- Inbreeding depression -- Genetic hypotheses for inbreeding depression -- Heterosis -- Dominance hypothesis -- Overdominance hypothesis -- Dominance versus overdominance hypothesis -- Non-allelic gene interaction in heterosis -- Types of heterosis -- Fixation of heterosis -- Asexual reproduction -- Apomixis -- Balanced polymorphism -- Polyploidy -- 16 Population improvement -- Interpopulation improvement -- Reciprocal recurrent selection -- General outline of reciprocal recurrent selection-half sib -- Genetic basis of reciprocal recurrent selection-half sib -- Merits of reciprocal recurrent selection -- Full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection -- General outline of full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection -- Genetic basis of full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection -- Merit of full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection -- Intrapopulation improvement -- Mass selection -- Differences between mass selection and phenotypic recurrent selection -- General outline of mass selection -- Genetic basis of mass selection -- Merits of mass-selection -- Limitations of mass-selection -- Application of mass-selection -- Modified mass-selection -- General outline of modified mass-selection -- Application of modified mass-selection -- Family selection methods (genotypic selection) -- A. Ear-to-row selection. , 1. Ear-to-row selection method (half-sib).

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- 1: Biogas Potential in India: Production, Policies, Problems, and Future Prospects -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Production of Biogas -- 1.3 Sources/Materials for Biogas Production -- 1.4 Roles of Microbes in Production of Biogas -- 1.5 Issues and Concerns for the Biogas Production Process -- 1.6 Augmentation/Upgradation of Biogas Process -- 1.7 Types of Biogas Reactors -- 1.8 Policies Related to Biogas Production in India -- 1.9 Benefits of Biogas Energy Production-Potential in India -- 1.10 Problems and Issues Encountered -- 1.11 Future Prospects for Biogas in India -- 1.12 Conclusion -- References -- 2: Membrane-less Microbial Fuel Cell: A Low-cost Sustainable Approach for Clean Energy and Environment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Basic Requirements for Membrane-less Microbial Fuel Cell -- 2.3 Classification of Membrane-less Microbial Fuel Cell -- 2.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3: Hydrogen Energy: Present and Future -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Hydrogen Production -- 3.3 Storage Technologies for Hydrogen -- 3.4 Hydrogen Energy and Environment -- 3.5 Hydrogen and Other Alternative Secondary Energies -- 3.6 Hydrogen Safety -- 3.7 Future Prospects of Hydrogen -- References -- 4: Emerging Energy Alternatives for Sustainable Development in Malaysia -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Renewable Resources in Malaysia -- 4.3 Conclusion -- References -- 5: Role and Initiatives of Indian Government Policies for Growth of Wind Energy Sector -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 India's Wind Energy Potential and Installation -- 5.3 Indian Government Policies for Wind Energy Sector -- 5.4 State Government Policies for Wind Energy Sector -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- 6: Improved Technology for Non-edible Seed Oils: Sources for Alternate Fuels -- 6.1 Introduction. , 6.2 Materials and Methods -- 6.3 Results and Discussion -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- 7: Adsorption and Photodegradation of Sulfamethoxazole in a Three-phase Fluidized Bed Reactor -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Methodology -- 7.3 Results and Discussion -- 7.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8: Application of Cellulose Nitrate Membrane for Pervaporative Separation of Organics from Water -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Experimental Set-up -- 8.3 Results and Discussion -- 8.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9: Green Chemistry: Mitigatory Measure for Environmental Pollution -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Green Chemistry Concept -- 9.3 History -- 9.4 A Timeline of Green Chemistry Highlights -- 9.5 Scope -- 9.6 Principles -- 9.7 Role of Green Chemistry in Prevention and Control of Pollution -- 9.8 Environmental Sustainability -- 9.9 Conclusion -- References -- Websites -- 10: Building Energy Simulation for Improved Thermal Performance: A CFD Approach -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Thermal Mass and Building Design -- 10.3 Building Energy Analysis -- 10.4 Necessity for Building Simulation -- 10.5 Application of Building Simulation and Systems Approach -- 10.6 Software -- 10.7 Applications of CFD for Building Design -- 10.8 Conclusion -- References -- 11: Cyanobacterial Biomass - A Tool for Sustainable Management of Environment -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Approaches to Biofertilizer Application -- 11.3 Cyanobacteria: A Biofertilizer -- 11.4 Nitrogen Fixation -- 11.5 Cyanobacteria: A Nutrient Source -- 11.6 Cyanobacteria: A Pesticide Tolerant -- 11.7 Cyanobacteria: A Salinity Tolerant -- 11.8 Cyanobacteria: A Bioremediation Tool -- 11.9 Cyanobacteria: A CO2 Sequestration Agent -- 11.10 Nutrient Management System -- References -- 12: Low-cost Production of Algal Biofuel from Wastewater and Technological Limitations -- 12.1 Introduction. , 12.2 Classification of Algae -- 12.3 Factors Affecting Growth of Microalgae -- 12.4 Sink for Carbon dioxide -- 12.5 Wastewater as a Resource for Algal Growth -- 12.6 Microalgae Cultivation Methods -- 12.7 Harvesting Technologies for Algal Biomass -- 12.8 Lipid Synthesis in Microalgae -- 12.9 Conversion Technologies for Algal Biofuel -- 12.10 Limitations with Biomass/Biofuel Production -- 12.11 Conclusion -- References -- 13: Physical and Chemical Exergy Analysis and Assessment of Biogas as an Energy Source in Hybrid Cooling Machine -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 System Description and Working Principle -- 13.3 Thermal Analysis of Biogas Boiler -- 13.5 Thermodynamic Analysis -- 13.6 Results and Discussion -- 13.7 Conclusion -- References -- 14: Lignocellulosic Biomass to Bioenergy Production: Process and Techniques for Biomass Assessment -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Process of Biomass Deconstruction -- 14.3 Techniques for Assessment of Biomass Breakdown -- 14.4 Current Challenges and Future Prospects -- References -- 15: Municipal Solid Waste Management in India: Present Status and Energy Conversion Opportunities -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Overview of Municipal Solid Waste Management in India -- 15.3 Opportunities for Energy Conversion -- 15.4 Challenges -- 15.5 The Way Forward -- 15.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 16: Organic Superfluous Waste as a Contemporary Source of Clean Energy -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Current Status of Energy -- 16.3 Bioenergy -- 16.4 Organic WasW te -- 16.5 Technology for Energy -- 16.6 Microbial Fuel Cell -- 16.7 MFC Components -- 16.8 Bio-battery -- 16.9 Remote Power Source -- 16.10 Effective for Sea Water -- 16.11 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17: Vermicomposting: A Potential Tool for Sustainable Management of Solid Waste -- 17.1 Introduction. , 17.2 Classification and Composition of Solid Waste -- 17.3 Current Strategies used for Solid Waste Management in India -- 17.4 Earthworms -- 17.5 Vermicomposting Process -- 17.6 Vermicompost and Earthworm Harvesting -- 17.7 Composition of Vermicompost -- 17.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Vermicompost -- 17.9 Applications of Vermicomposting -- 17.10 Conclusion -- References -- 18: Biogas Potential from Sewage Treatment Plant and Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Electricity Generation in Malaysia -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Renewable Energy Status in Malaysia and Malaysian Renewable Energy Target -- 18.3 Feed-in Tariff in Malaysia -- 18.4 Malaysian Palm Oil Industry -- 18.5 Biogas Potential in Palm Oil Mills -- 18.6 Malaysian Sewerage Treatment -- 18.7 Typical Sewage Treatment Plant with Anaerobic digester Scenario in Malaysia -- 18.8 Biogas Potential at STP -- 18.9 Co-digestion of Pome with SS -- 18.10 Impact of Biogas Recovery on Sustainability -- 18.11 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 19: Passive Energy in Residential Buildings -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Passive Solar Cooling -- 19.3 Methodology -- 19.4 Estimation of Energy Cost -- 19.5 Conclusion -- References -- 20: Solar Photocatalytic Treatments of Wastewater and Factors Affecting Mechanism: A Feasible Low-cost Approach -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Solar Spectrum -- 20.3 Design of Solar Photocatalytic Reactors -- 20.4 Photocatalytic (Solar) Treatment of Pollutant -- 20.5 Factors Affecting Solar Photocatalysis -- 20.6 Recommended Analytical Methods -- 20.7 Economical Assessment -- 20.8 Conclusion -- References -- 21: Advancement in Phase Change Materials for Solar Thermal Energy Storage -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Phase Change Materials -- 21.3 Application of PCMS -- 21.4 Conclusion -- References. , 22: Earth to Air Heat Exchanger Systems for Small Houses and Industrial Buildings in Changing Indian Climatic Conditions -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Changing Indian Climatic Conditions -- 22.3 Indian Climate and EAHE Systems -- 22.4 Demand for Energy in India -- 22.5 Advantages of EAHE System -- 22.6 Design of EAHE Systems -- 22.7 Components of EAHE System -- 22.8 Performance of EAHE System -- 22.9 Conclusion -- References -- 23: Development in Metal Oxide Nanomaterial-based Solar Cells -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 History of Solar Cell -- 23.3 Metal Oxide Nanomaterials -- 23.4 Three Generations of Development -- 23.5 Nanomaterial-based Solar Cell Research -- 23.6 Thin Film Solar Cells -- 23.7 Applications and Implementations -- 23.8 Polymer Solar Cells -- 23.9 PV Industry Goal: Reduce Cost of Energy -- 23.10 Conclusion -- References -- Index -- About the Editors.

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Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Chapter 1: Restoration, Construction, and Conservation of Degrading Wetlands: A Step Toward Sustainable Management Practices -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Wetland Type (Ramsar Convention) -- 2 Wetlands of India -- 2.1 Himalayan Wetlands -- 2.2 Indo-Gangetic Wetlands -- 2.3 Coastal Wetlands -- 2.4 Deccan -- 3 Importance of Wetlands -- 3.1 Water Quality -- 3.2 Flood Control -- 3.3 Wildlife Habitat -- 3.4 Recreation, Education, and Resources -- 4 Growing Threat to Wetland Ecosystem -- 5 Strategies of Restoration and Conservation -- 5.1 Use of GIS and Remote Sensing in Wetland Management -- 5.2 Specific Techniques for Conservation -- 6 Preparation Needed Before Starting a Restoration Project -- 7 Constructed Wetland (CW): An Attempt to Optimize Wildlife Conservation and Restoration -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Phytoremediation and Sustainable Developmental Policies and Practices -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Phytoremediation and Sustainable Development -- 2.1 Sustainable Development Goal: Practices/Policies -- 3 Basic Practices of Sustainable Development -- 3.1 Waste Management and Policies -- 3.2 Biodiversity, Species Richness, and Policies -- 3.3 Sustainable Energy Recovery -- 3.4 Climate Change and Phytoremediation -- 3.5 Phytoremediation and Society -- 4 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 3: Wetland as a Sustainable Reservoir of Ecosystem Services: Prospects of Threat and Conservation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Wetland: Ecology and Types of Wetland -- 3 Wetland Degradation -- 3.1 Acute Wetland Losses -- 3.1.1 Agricultural Conversion -- 3.1.2 Direct Deforestation in Wetlands -- 3.1.3 Hydrologic Alteration -- 3.1.4 Inundation by Reservoirs -- 3.2 Chronic Wetland Losses -- 3.2.1 Change in Upper Watersheds -- 3.2.2 Degradation of Water Quality. , 3.2.3 Groundwater Depletion -- 3.2.4 Introduced Species and Extinction of Native Biota -- 4 Conservation of Wetlands -- 5 Contribution of Microbial Community in the Wetlands Conservation -- 6 Contribution of Plant Community in the Wetlands Conservation -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Carbon Sequestration and Storage by Wetlands: Implications in the Climate Change Scenario -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Increasing Carbon Dioxide Concentrations, Its Impacts, and Mitigation Techniques -- 2.1 Mitigation Techniques -- 3 Carbon Sequestration in Wetlands -- 3.1 Forms of Carbon in Wetlands -- 3.2 Factors Affecting Carbon Sequestration in Wetland -- 3.2.1 Substrate Availability -- 3.2.2 Temperature and Oxygen -- 3.2.3 Global Change Scenarios -- 3.2.4 Carbon Export -- 4 Methane Emissions from Wetlands -- 5 Climate Change Feedbacks -- 6 Comparing Net Balance of Carbon Sequestration and Methane Production in Wetlands -- 7 Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 5: Wetlands: A Major Natural Source Responsible for Methane Emission -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Wetlands and Methane Emissions -- 2 Overview of the Methane Emissions and Methane-Producing Bacteria -- 2.1 Methanogens -- 2.1.1 Methanogens in Paddy Soil -- 2.1.2 Methanogenesis -- 2.1.3 Factors Affecting Methane Production -- 2.2 Methanotrophs -- 2.2.1 Methanotrophy in Paddy Soil -- 2.2.2 Factors Affecting Methanotrophs Activity -- 3 Mechanistic Pathways of Methane Emission -- 4 Adaptive Measures Controlling CH4 Emission -- 5 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 6: Wetlands Conservation and Restoration for Ecosystem Services and Halt Biodiversity Loss: An Indian Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Present Status of Wetlands in India -- 3 Strategies for Wetlands Conservation -- 4 Wetland: Conservation of Biodiversity and Services. , 5 Wetland: Role in Carbon Sequestration -- 6 Restoration of Wetlands and the Future World -- 7 Recommendation and Future Research -- References -- Chapter 7: Microbes Biology: Microbes in Wetland and Bioprospection of Microbes -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Types of Wetlands -- 1.1.1 Coastal Wetlands -- 1.1.2 Inland Wetlands -- 1.2 Characteristics of Wetland -- 1.2.1 Physical Environment -- 1.2.2 Hydrology -- 1.2.3 Soil Structure -- 1.3 Biological Interactions -- 1.3.1 Plants -- 1.3.2 Animals -- 1.3.3 Microorganisms -- 2 Key Developments in Wetland Microbiology -- 3 Microbial Abundance, Diversity, and Spatial Distribution -- 4 Microbes Processing and Output in Wetlands -- 5 Bioprospecting of Wetland Microbe's Present and Future Scenarios -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Contribution of Microbes in the Renovation of Wetlands -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Increasing Risks to the Wetland Biome -- 2.1 Urbanization and Land Use Changes -- 2.2 Agricultural, Municipal, and Industrial Pollution -- 2.3 Climate Change -- 3 Microbial Diversity -- 3.1 Microbial Processes -- 3.2 Aquatic Plant-Microbe Interaction and Its Role in Freshwater Ecosystems -- 4 Biogeochemical Renovations in Wetlands Driven by Microbes -- 5 Significance of Microbes in Wetlands Restoration -- 5.1 Pollution and Its Control -- 5.1.1 Removal of Organic Contaminants -- 5.1.2 Removal of Inorganic Contaminants -- 5.2 Biodiversity Hotspots -- 5.3 Flood Regulator -- 5.4 Repossession of Carbon -- 5.5 Multiple Use of Water Facilities -- 5.6 Constructed Wetland Approach for Wetland Restoration -- 6 Management of Wetlands by Institutional Approaches -- 6.1 Legal Agenda -- 6.2 Procedure Provision -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Phytoremediation: Role of Mycorrhiza in Plant Responses to Stress -- 1 Bioremediation and Phytoremediation. , 2 Phytoremediation Is a Useful Tool to Clean Up Polluted Soil and Water -- 3 Role of Native Plants in Bioremediation -- 4 Strategies of Phytoremediation -- 5 Phytoremediation Process of Heavy Metals with Specific Plants Used and Its Limitations -- 6 Phytoremediation Process of Heavy Metals -- 7 Limitation of the Plants Used in Metal Phytoremediation -- 8 Phytoremediation Plays Important Role as an Eco-friendly Low-Cost Technology in the Field of Agriculture and Food Safety -- 9 Mycorrhizal-assisted Phytoremediation -- 9.1 Mycorrhiza and How It Is Different from AMF -- 9.2 Role of Mycorrhiza in Plant Responses During Drought -- References -- Chapter 10: Integrated Approach for Bioremediation and Biofuel Production Using Algae -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Algal Cultivation -- 3 Application of Microalgae for Industrial and Domestic Waste Water Treatment -- 3.1 Mechanism of Nutrient Removal by Microalgae -- 3.1.1 Nitrogen Removal -- 3.1.2 Phosphorus Removal -- 3.1.3 Carbon Fixation -- 3.1.4 Heavy Metals Removal -- 4 Biofuel from Microalgae -- 4.1 Transesterification -- 4.2 Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Dual Role of Microalgae: Phycoremediation Coupled with Biomass Generation for Biofuel Production -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Physiochemical Treatment of Wastewater -- 3 Phycoremediation of Wastewater -- 3.1 Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds -- 3.2 Reduction in BOD and COD Level -- 3.3 Biosorption of Heavy Metal -- 4 Common Sources of Biofuel -- 4.1 Microalgae: Resource of Biofuel -- 5 Utilization of Wastewater Grown Microalgae for Biofuel Production -- 6 Economic and Environmental Advantage of Phycoremediation -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12: Microalgae and Microorganisms: Important Regulators of Carbon Dynamics in Wetland Ecosystem -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Function of Wetland Ecosystem. , 3 Carbon Storage in Wetlands -- 4 Wetlands and Bio-geocarbon Cycle -- 5 Microorganisms in Wetland and Methane Production -- 6 Role of Microorganism (Algae) in Wetland Function -- 6.1 Algae in Purification of Water -- 6.2 Algae as Bioindicators in Wetlands -- 6.3 Waste Water Remediation Through Algae -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Bioremediation of Heavy Metals: A New Approach to Sustainable Agriculture -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Heavy Metal Pollution -- 3 Effects of Heavy Metals -- 4 Bioremediation by Microorganisms -- 4.1 Mechanism of Uptake of Heavy Metals by Microalgae -- 4.2 Factors Affecting Microbial Bioremediation -- 4.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Bioremediation by Microbes -- 5 Phytoremediation -- 6 Different Processes of Uptake of Heavy Metals by Plants in Contaminated Soils -- 6.1 Phytoextraction -- 6.2 Phytostabilization -- 6.3 Phytodegradation -- 6.4 Rhizodegradation (Phytostimulation) -- 6.5 Phytovolatilization -- 7 Advantages and Limitation of Phytoremediation -- 8 Mechanism of Uptake of Heavy Metals in Plants -- 9 Remedial Technologies for Metal-Contaminated Soil -- 10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: Wastewater Treatment Through Nanotechnology: Role and Prospects -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Role of Inorganic Nonmaterials in Wastewater Treatment -- 2.1 Iron Oxide Nanomaterials -- 2.2 TiO2 Nanoparticles -- 2.3 Silver Nanoparticles -- 2.4 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials -- 2.4.1 Classification of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials -- Fullerenes -- Carbon Nanotubes and Surface-Modified Nanotube (CNT) -- Graphene Nanoparticles -- 3 Organic Polymer Nanomaterials in Remediation of Wastewater -- 3.1 Organic Polymer Nanomaterials -- 3.2 Organic Polymer-Supported Nanocomposites -- 4 Patented Products of Nanomaterials for Purification of Water -- 5 Conclusions -- References.

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