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  • 1
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Description / Table of Contents: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I Introduction -- 1 Isotope Dendrochronology: Historical Perspective -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Origins -- 1.3 Advances -- 1.3.1 20th Century Spin Up -- 1.3.2 21st Century Expansion -- 1.4 Emerging Directions -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Dendrochronology: Fundamentals and Innovations -- 2.1 The Annual Ring-The Keeper of Time in Dendrochronology -- 2.1.1 Inter-Annual Variations in Tree-Rings and Tree-Ring Parameters -- 2.2 Crossdating -- 2.3 Sampling and Site Selection -- 2.4 Deconstructing Variability in Tree-Ring Data -- 2.4.1 The Linear Aggregate Model -- 2.4.2 Detrending and Standardization -- 2.4.3 Long-Term Trends in Tree-Ring Data -- 2.5 Chronology Development, Confidence, Sample Replication, Coherence, and Variance -- 2.5.1 Tree-Ring Chronologies -- 2.5.2 Assessment of Chronology Confidence -- 2.5.3 Variance Changes in Composite Time-Series -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Anatomical, Developmental and Physiological Bases of Tree-Ring Formation in Relation to Environmental Factors -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Wood Structure and Functions -- 3.2.1 Xylem Anatomy -- 3.2.2 Xylem Cell Wall Structure and Composition -- 3.3 The Biological Basis of Wood Formation in Relation to Tree Development -- 3.3.1 The Successive Stages of Xylem Cell Differentiation -- 3.3.2 Heartwood Formation -- 3.3.3 Influence of Environmental Factors on Wood Formation Processes -- 3.4 Seasonal Dynamics of Wood Formation in Relation to Tree Phenology -- 3.4.1 The Phenology of Cambium and Xylem -- 3.4.2 The Phenology of Leaves, Roots and Reserves -- 3.4.3 Seasonal Dynamics of Wood Formation in Relation to Organ Phenology -- 3.4.4 Influence of Environment on Seasonal Dynamics of Wood Formation and Tree Phenology -- 3.5 Kinetics of Tracheid Differentiation in Relation with Tree Physiology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (775 pages)
    ISBN: 9783030926984
    Series Statement: Tree Physiology Ser. v.8
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 2
    Keywords: Plant physiology. ; Forestry. ; Environment. ; Paleontology .
    Description / Table of Contents: PART I INTRODUCTION: 1. Isotope Dendrochronology: Historical Perspective -- 2. Dendrochronology: Fundamentals and Innovations -- 3. Anatomical, developmental and physiological bases of tree-ring formation in relation to environmental factors -- PART II METHODS: 4. Sample collection and preparation for annual and intra-annual tree-ring isotope chronologies -- 5. Stable isotope signatures of wood, its constituents and methods of cellulose extraction -- 6. Tree-Ring Stable Isotope Measurements: The Role of Quality Assurance and Quality Control to Ensure High Quality Data -- 7. Newer Developments in Tree-Ring Stable Isotope Methods -- PART III: ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATIONS FROM SOURCE TO WOOD: 8. Isotopes – terminology, definitions and properties -- 9. Carbon isotope effects in relation to CO2 assimilation by tree canopies -- 10. Environmental, physiological and biochemical processes determining the oxygen isotope ratio of tree-ring cellulose -- 11. The stable hydrogen isotopic signature: From source water to tree rings -- 12. Nitrogen isotopes in tree rings – Challenges and prospects -- 13. Postphotosynthetic fractionation in leaves, phloem and stem -- PART IV PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERPRETATIONS: 14. Environmental fingerprints in tree-ring stable isotopes: Limits and strengths in mirroring environmental impacts -- 15. Post-photosynthetic carbon, oxygen and hydrogen isotope signal transfer to tree rings – how timing of cell formations and turnover of stored carbohydrates affect intra-annual isotope variations -- 16. Probing tree physiology using the dual-isotope approach -- 17. Intrinsic water-use efficiency derived from stable carbon isotopes of tree-rings -- PART V: ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IMPACTING THE ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION: 18. Spatial and temporal variations in plant source water: O and H isotope ratiosfrom precipitation to xylem water -- 19. Climate signals in stable isotope tree ring records -- 20. Stable isotopes in tree rings of Boreal Forests -- 21. Stable isotopes in tree rings of Mediterranean Forests -- 22. Stable isotopes in tree rings of Tropical forests -- 23. Forest Management and Tree-Ring Isotopes -- 24. Impact of increasing CO2, and air pollutants (NOx, SO2, O3) on the stable isotope ratios in tree rings -- 25. Insect and pathogen influences on tree-ring stable isotopes -- 26. Process-based ecophysiological models of tree-ring stable isotopes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXI, 773 p. 106 illus., 76 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030926984
    Series Statement: Tree Physiology 8
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: Open Access
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: We investigated the response of conifer trees in northern Eurasia to climate change and increasing CO2 over the last century by measuring the carbon isotope ratio in tree rings. Samples from Larix, Pinus and Picea trees growing at 26 high-latitude sites (59–71°N) from Norway to Eastern Siberia were analysed. When comparing the periods 1861–1890 and 1961–1990, the isotope discrimination and the ratio of the intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration (ci/ca) remained constant for trees growing in mild oceanic climate and under extremely cold and dry continental conditions. This shows a strong coordination of gas-exchange processes, consisting in a biochemical acclimation and a reduction of the stomatal conductance. The correlation for ci/ca between the two investigated periods was particularly strong for Larix (r2=0.90) and Pinus (r2=0.94), but less pronounced for Picea (r2=0.47). Constant ci/ca under increasing CO2 in the atmosphere resulted in improved intrinsic water-use efficiency (Wi), the amount of water loss at the leaf level per unit carbon gain. We found that 125 out of 126 trees showed increasing Wi from 1861 to 1890 to 1961 to 1990, with an average improvement of 19.2±0.9% (mean±SE). The adaptation in gas exchange and reduced transpiration of trees growing in this region must have had a strong impact on the water and energy budget, resulting in a drier and warmer surface air layer today than would exist without this vegetation–climate feedback.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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