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  • 1
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    NPP-ID: Non-Pollen Palynomorph Image Database as a research and educational platform (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-04
    Description: Non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) form a large group of biological objects found in palynological slides besides pollen grains. This includes various remains of algae and fungi, shells, resting stages and eggs of invertebrates, among others. Publications of NPP-types started in the 1970s with studies of BvG and colleagues, and large numbers of new types continue to be published every year. For an overview of this diverse world of “extra fossils”, we created the Non-Pollen Palynomorph Image Database (NPP-ID) to gather NPP knowledge, structured by acronyms and known taxonomy to assist identification and palaeoecological interpretation (https://nonpollenpalynomorphs.tsu.ru/). An integral part is a database of illustrations, descriptions and ecological background of NPPs. While numerical data are routinely stored in open access repositories, the NPP-ID enables the definitions, identification and interpretation of the NPP taxa to be shared. The NPP-ID operates as an open research project aiming to provide open access to descriptions and illustrations of NPPs. However, due to publication rights, access to some original images is restricted and registration by users is required. We encourage palynologists to contribute to the further growth of the database by uploading their own microphotographs or drawings under an open access license. Contributors will be acknowledged by co-authorship in publications on updates of the NPP-ID.
    Description: Российский Фонд Фундаментальных Исследований (РФФИ) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002261
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (1018)
    Description: http://nonpollenpalynomorphs.tsu.ru/
    Keywords: ddc:561 ; Palynology ; Fungal remains ; Algal remains ; Unknown palynomorphs ; Identification tool
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Regional pollen-based Holocene temperature and precipitation patterns depart from the Northern Hemisphere mean trends (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-14
    Description: A mismatch between model- and proxy-based Holocene climate change, known as the Holocene conundrum, may partially originate from the poor spatial coverage of climate reconstructions in, for example, Asia, limiting the number of grid-cells for model-data comparisons. Here we investigate hemispheric, latitudinal, and regional mean time-series as well as anomaly maps of pollen-based reconstructions of mean annual temperature, mean July temperature, and annual precipitation from 1676 records in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. Temperature trends show strong latitudinal patterns and differ between (sub-)continents. While the circum-Atlantic regions in Europe and eastern North America show a pronounced mid-Holocene temperature maximum, western North America shows only weak changes and Asia mostly a continuous Holocene temperature increase but with strong latitudinal differences. Likewise, precipitation trends show certain regional peculiarities such as the pronounced mid-Holocene optimum between 30 and 40° N in Asia and Holocene increasing trends in Europe and western North America which can all be linked with Holocene changes of the regional circulation pattern linked to temperature change. Given a background of strong regional heterogeneity, we conclude that the calculation of global or hemispheric means which initiated the Holocene conundrum debate should focus more on understanding the spatio-temporal patterns and their regional drivers.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Environmental conditions in northwestern Russia duringMIS5 inferred from the pollen stratigraphy in a sediment core from Lake Ladoga (2019)
    In:  EPIC3Boreas, 48(2), pp. 377-386, ISSN: 0300-9483
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-14
    Description: Lake Ladoga hosts preglacial sediments, although the Eurasian ice sheet overrode the area during the LGM . These sediments were first discovered by a seismic survey and are investigated using a 22.75‐m‐long core. Its upper 13.30 m comprise Holocene and Lateglacial sediments separated from the lower 11.45 m of preglacial sediments by a hiatus. They consist of highly terrigenous lacustrine sediments, which according to OSL dating, were deposited during an early stage of the last ice age (MIS 5). The palynological data allow a first reconstruction of the Early Weichselian environmental history for northwestern Russia. Birch and alder forests with broad‐leaved taxa dominated during MIS 5d (c . 118–113 ka), suggesting a climate more favourable than in the Holocene. A high content of well‐sorted sands and poorly preserved palynomorphs indicates a shallow‐water environment at least temporarily. More fine‐grained sediments and better preserved organic remains suggest deeper water environments at the core location during MIS 5c (c . 113–88 ka). Pine and spruce became dominant, while broad‐leaved taxa started to disappear, especially after c . 90 ka, pointing to a gradual climate cooling. An increase in open herb‐dominated habitats at the beginning of MIS 5b (c . 88–86 ka) reflects a colder and dryer climate. However, later (c . 86–82 ka) pine and spruce again became more common. Birch and alder forests dominated in the area c . 82–80 ka (beginning of MIS 5a). Although open treeless habitats also became more common at this time, a slight increase in hazel may point to somewhat warmer climate conditions coinciding with the beginning of MIS 5a. The studied sediments also contain numerous remains of freshwater algae and cysts of marine and brackish‐water dinoflagellates and acritarchs documenting that the present lake basin was part of a brackish‐water basin during the Early Weichselian, probably as a gulf of the Pre‐Baltic Sea.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
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    Postglacial history of East European boreal forests in the mid-Kama region, pre-Urals, Russia (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-30
    Description: The Ural Mountains are an important climatic and biogeographical barrier between European and Siberian forests. In order to shed light on the postglacial formation and evolution of the boreal forests in the European pre-Urals, we obtained a peat sediment core, Chernaya, from the Paltinskoe bog located between the southern taiga and hemiboreal forest zone in the mid-Kama region. We carried out pollen analysis, non-pollen palynomorph analysis, loss-on-ignition tests and radiocarbon dating. Radiocarbon dated records provide centennial to decennial resolution of the vegetation and environmental history of the European pre-Urals for the last 8.8 ka. The postglacial formation of the pre-Uralian hemiboreal forests reveals four important phases: (i) the dominance of Siberian taiga and forest-steppe in the Early Holocene and beginning of the Middle Holocene (8.8–6.9 ka), indicating a dry climate; (ii) the spread of spruce and European broadleaved trees in the Middle Holocene (6.9–4 ka) under wetter climate conditions; (iii) the maximum extent of broadleaved trees coinciding with the arrival and spread of Siberian fir in the Late Holocene (4–2.3 ka); and (iv) the decline of broadleaved trees since the Early Iron Age (2.3 ka – present) possibly due to general climate cooling and logging. While temperate broadleaved trees possibly spread from local refugia in the Urals, fir arrived from Siberia and spread further west. The carbon accumulation rate of Paltinskoe bog (18.9±10.16 g C m−2 a−1) is close to the average value of carbon accumulation of northern peatlands. Local development of peat is characterized by non-gradual growth with a phase of intensive carbon accumulation between 3.5 and 2.3 ka. The vegetation was strongly influenced by fire in the Early Holocene and by humans since the Early Iron Age practicing deforestation, agriculture and pasture. Phases of increased anthropogenic activity correlate well with the local archaeological data.
    Keywords: 561 ; mid-Kama region ; Paltinskoe peat bog ; sediment core ; pollen data ; holocene ; vegetation development
    Language: English
    Type: map
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 5
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    LegacyClimate 1.0: a dataset of pollen-based climate reconstructions from 2594 Northern Hemisphere sites covering the last 30 kyr and beyond (2023)
    Copernicus Publications
    In:  EPIC3Earth System Science Data, Copernicus Publications, 15(6), pp. 2235-2258, ISSN: 1866-3508
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-19
    Description: Here we describe LegacyClimate 1.0, a dataset of the reconstruction of the mean July temperature (TJuly), mean annual temperature (Tann), and annual precipitation (Pann) from 2594 fossil pollen records from the Northern Hemisphere, spanning the entire Holocene, with some records reaching back to the Last Glacial Period. Two reconstruction methods, the modern analog technique (MAT) and weighted averaging partial least squares regression (WA-PLS), reveal similar results regarding spatial and temporal patterns. To reduce the impact of precipitation on temperature reconstruction, and vice versa, we also provide reconstructions using tailored modern pollen data, limiting the range of the corresponding other climate variables. We assess the reliability of the reconstructions, using information from the spatial distributions of the root mean squared error in the prediction and reconstruction significance tests. The dataset is beneficial for synthesis studies of proxy-based reconstructions and to evaluate the output of climate models and thus help to improve the models themselves. We provide our compilation of reconstructed TJuly, Tann, and Pann as open-Access datasets at PANGAEA (10.1594/PANGAEA.930512; Herzschuh et al., 2023a). The R code for the reconstructions is provided at Zenodo (10.5281/zenodo.7887565; Herzschuh et al., 2023b), including the harmonized open-Access modern and fossil datasets used for the reconstructions, so that customized reconstructions can be easily established.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Regional pollen-based Holocene temperature and precipitation patterns depart from the Northern Hemisphere mean trends (2023)
    Copernicus Publications
    In:  EPIC3Climate of the Past, Copernicus Publications, 19(7), pp. 1481-1506, ISSN: 1814-9324
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-19
    Description: A mismatch between model-and proxy-based Holocene climate change, known as the "Holocene conundrum", may partially originate from the poor spatial coverage of climate reconstructions in, for example, Asia, limiting the number of grid cells for model-data comparisons. Here we investigate hemispheric, latitudinal, and regional mean time series and time-slice anomaly maps of pollen-based reconstructions of mean annual temperature, mean July temperature, and annual precipitation from 1908 records in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. Temperature trends show strong latitudinal patterns and differ between (sub-)continents. While the circum-Atlantic regions in Europe and eastern North America show a pronounced Middle Holocene temperature maximum, western North America shows only weak changes, and Asia mostly shows a continuous Holocene temperature increase. Likewise, precipitation trends show certain regional peculiarities such as the pronounced Middle Holocene precipitation maximum between 40 and 50gN in Asia and Holocene increasing trends in Europe and western North America, which can all be linked with Holocene changes in the regional circulation pattern responding to temperature change. Given a background of strong regional heterogeneity, we conclude that the calculation of global or hemispheric means, which initiated the Holocene conundrum debate, should focus more on understanding the spatiotemporal patterns and their regional drivers.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 7
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    Vegetation history based on a multi-proxy analysis of sediment core Zamostye, Kursk region, Russia (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-02
    Description: The study site Zamostye (51.18481 °N, 35.27988 °E, 135 m a.s.l.) is situated in the south-west of the Mid-Russian Upland in the south of the East European Plain, in the center of the East-European forest-steppe ecotone. The knowledge of the history of the formation of the ecotone can help sustainability of the land management as well as show its response to climatic changes, however the area is considerably understudied. In order to close this gap, we conducted a study of the vegetation history based on a multi-proxy analysis of a sediment core obtained in the village Zamostye (Kursk region, Russia). The study site represents a wetland overgrown by Phragmites and surrounded by alder trees and grasslands with ruderal vegetation. The sediment core was obtained with a Russian corer from an overgrown oxbow lake near the river Sudzha in July 2013 and consists of two sister cores - “Zamostye I” (0-176 cm from surface) and “Zamostye II” (25-250 cm). The two cores were taken close to each other with overlapping segments and combined based on LOI results to obtain a composite core Zamostye. 11 radiocarbon ages were acquired to ensure a robust age-depth model. The core was studied for pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, loss-on-ignition, macroremains and charcoal. Due to the lack of the archives like lakes and mires in the area, this record covering the last 14,800 years is unique for the region and provides a continuous vegetation history from the Late Glacial to the present. In total, 66 samples in 1 to 4-cm resolution were obtained for palynological, NPP and micro-charcoal analysis. Laboratory treatment followed the standard processing technique by Faegri and Iversen (1989) included 10 % HCl, 48 % HF left overnight and acetolysis for 3 minutes. The samples were then sieved through 200 µm metallic mesh and 6 µm nylon mesh using an ultrasound bath for less than 1 minute. Before the chemical treatment, one Lycopodium spores' tablet (batch number 1031, 20848 ± 1546 spores per tablet) was added to each sample to calculate palynomorphs concentration and influx (Stockmarr, 1971). Macro-charcoal analysis was performed in 2-cm resolution. The samples were treated following Stevenson and Haberle (2005): 10 % KOH, 6 % H2O2 and sieved through 125 µm metallic mesh. The charcoal was identified under 100× magnification. Four morphological types were identified using Jensen et al. (2007). We analyzed 14 samples for macroremains to track the changes in local vegetation and sediment composition. The entire 1-cm thick section of the core was sieved through 250 µm and studied under 40× to 100× magnification. We used Cappers et al. (2006) and Göttingen University collection to identify the seeds of the plants.
    Keywords: fire history; Holocene; Late Glacial; non-pollen palynomorphs; Pollen; vegetation history
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 8 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Loss on ignition from sediment core Zamostye, Kursk region, Russia (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-02
    Keywords: DEPTH, sediment/rock; Dry mass; fire history; Holocene; Kursk, Russia; Late Glacial; Mass; non-pollen palynomorphs; Pollen; RUSC; Russian corer; Sample volume; Site; vegetation history; Weighted; Wet mass; Zamostye
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1890 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Age determination from sediment core Zamostye, Kursk region, Russia (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-02
    Keywords: Age, comment; Age, dated; Age, dated material; Age, dated standard error; Calendar age; Calendar age, standard error; DEPTH, sediment/rock; fire history; Holocene; Kursk, Russia; Laboratory code/label; Late Glacial; non-pollen palynomorphs; Percentage; Pollen; Radiocarbon analysis (14C); RUSC; Russian corer; Site; vegetation history; Zamostye
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 224 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Age determination of Thor profile from the Gurvan Bogd, Gobi Altai, Mongolia (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-14
    Keywords: Age, 14C AMS; Age, dated; Age, dated material; Age, dated standard deviation; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Gobi Altai; Gobi Altai, Mongolia; Holocene; Laboratory code/label; Mongolia; non-pollen palynomorphs; OUTCROP; Outcrop sample; Pollen; radiocarbon dating; Sample ID; Thor_profile
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 14 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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