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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Vivo Measurement Using Microdialysis of the Release and Metabolism of 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Raphe Neurones Grafted to the Rat Hippocampus (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 53 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The overflow and metabolism of serotonin (5-hydroxy-tryptamine; 5-HT) from transplants of embryonic medullary and mesencephalic raphe neurones in the previously 5-HT-denervated hippocampus have been analyzed in vivo using intracerebral dialysis. The average density of 5-HT-immunoreactive fibres in the grafted hippocampus was less than in nonlesioned hippocampus. Nonetheless, both basal and potassium-stimulated levels of 5-HT in the dialysates were restored to approximately normal after transplantation of medullary raphe cells, whereas mesencephalic implants resulted in over twice the 5-HT output observed in control hippocampus. However, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) overflow was increased only after grafting of mesencephalic raphe and then only to normal levels; medullary implants, by contrast, failed to enhance 5-HIAA output above that from lesion-only hippocampus. The evidence of a relative hyperactivity of the grafted neurones may explain the disproportionate improvements in various lesion-induced behavioural deficits after grafting of nervous tissue. In addition, differences in the presynaptic regulation of 5-HT release and metabolism are also apparent in the transplants; these variations are dependent on the precise origin of the serotoninergic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07329.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An In Vivo Study of Dopamine Release and Metabolism in Rat Brain Regions Using Intracerebral Dialysis (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Intracerebral dialysis was used with a specifically designed HPLC with electrochemical detection assay to monitor extracellular levels of endogenous 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine, DA) and its major metabolites, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), in brain regions of the halo-thane-anesthetized rat. Significant amounts of DA, DOPAC, and HVA were detected in control perfusates collected from striatum and n. accumbens whereas the medial prefrontal cortex showed lower monoamine levels. The ratio of DA in perfusate to DA in whole tissue suggests that in f. cortex, compared to n. accumbens and striatum, there is a greater amount of DA in the extracellular space relative to the intraneuronal DA content. The DOPAC/HVA ratio in control perfusates varied between regions in accordance with whole tissue measurements. This ratio was highest in n. accumbens and lowest in f. cortex. The monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline (100 mg/kg i.p.) caused an exponential decline in DOPAC, but not of HVA, in regional perfusates, an effect that was associated with an increase in DA. The data indicated a higher turnover of extracellular DOPAC in n. accumbens than in striatum and the lowest DOPAC turnover in f. cortex. The rate of decline in extracellular DA metabolite levels was slow compared to whole tissue measurements. In the perfusates there was no statistical correlation between basal amounts of DA in the perfusates and DOPAC and HVA levels or DOPAC turnover for any of the areas, indicating that measurement of DA metabolism in the brain under basal conditions does not provide a good index of DA release. In summary, this study shows clear regional differences in basal DA release and metabolite levels, metabolite patterns, and DOPAC turnover rates in rat brain in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb02838.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Affinity of (±)-Pindolol, (-)-Penbutolol, and (-)-Tertatolol for Pre- and Postsynaptic Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptors in Human and Rat Brain (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 75 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: There is considerable interest in the use of drugs that selectively block presynaptic (somatodendritic) serotonin 5-HT1A receptors for the adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder. The 5-HT1A/β-adrenoceptor ligands (±)-pindolol, (-)-tertatolol, and (-)-penbutolol are currently under clinical investigation, and knowledge of their affinity at different populations of central 5-HT1A receptors is needed. Here we have determined the affinity of these drugs for presynaptic and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors in postmortem human and rat brain using receptor autoradiography and the selective 5-HT1A radioligand [3H]WAY-100635. The binding of [3H]WAY-100635 was specific and saturable and showed high affinity in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus and hippocampus (KD = 1.5-1.7 nM). In competition studies, the three compounds had nanomolar affinity and produced monophasic displacement of [3H]WAY-100635 binding in all regions of both species. (-)-Penbutolol and (-)-tertatolol had similar affinity for pre-and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors in both rat and human brain. However, in the human, but not the rat, the affinity of (±)-pindolol in dorsal raphe nucleus (Ki = 8.9 ± 1.1 nM) was slightly but significantly higher than that in hippocampus (Ki = 14.4 ± 1.5 nM in CA1). In summary, our data show that (±)-pindolol, (-)-tertatolol, and (-)-penbutolol are all high-affinity ligands at native human and rat 5-HT1A receptors. (-)-Penbutolol and (-)-tertatolol do not discriminate between the pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT1A sites tested in either species, but (±)-pindolol showed a slightly higher affinity for the presynaptic site in human brain. Further work is needed to establish whether the latter difference is clinically relevant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0750755.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional Mapping of Dorsal and Median Raphe 5-Hydroxytryptamine Pathways in Forebrain of the Rat Using Microdialysis (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 69 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Recent neurochemical studies of the properties of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pathways arising from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and median raphe nucleus (MRN) have measured extracellular 5-HT in brain regions with reported preferential DRN or MRN 5-HT inputs. Here, we have tested whether electrical stimulation of the DRN and MRN releases 5-HT in rat forebrain regions in a pattern that fits the reported distribution of DRN/MRN pathways. The effect on extracellular 5-HT of electrical stimulation (5 Hz, 300 µA, 20 min) of the DRN, and then MRN, was determined in six regions of the anaesthetised rat. Stimulation of the DRN evoked a short-lasting but clear-cut release of 5-HT (+70–100%) in regions (frontal cortex, dorsal striatum, globus pallidus, and ventral hippocampus) reported to receive a 5-HT projection from the DRN. Regions receiving an MRN innervation (dorsal hippocampus, medial septum, and ventral hippocampus) released 5-HT (+70–100%) in response to MRN stimulation. Regions reported to receive a preferential DRN innervation (frontal cortex, dorsal striatum, and globus pallidus) did not respond to MRN stimulation. Of two regions (dorsal hippocampus and medial septum) reported to receive a preferential MRN innervation, one did not respond to DRN stimulation (dorsal hippocampus) although the other (medial septum) did. In summary, electrical stimulation of the DRN and MRN released 5-HT in a regionally specific pattern. With the exception of one region (medial septum), this pattern of release bears a strong relationship to the distribution of 5-HT projections from the DRN and MRN reported by anatomical studies. The combination of raphe stimulation with microdialysis may be a useful way to study the in vivo neurochemistry of DRN/MRN 5-HT pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69020791.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid Measurement of Dopamine Release using Brain Dialysis Combined with Microbore HPLC (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 473 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb23646.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inadvertent paravertebral block (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 44 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1989.tb11408.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological evidence for convergence of inputs from the medial prefrontal cortex and lateral habenula on single neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neuronal projections to the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) from the medial prefontal cortex (mPFC) and lateral habenula nucleus (LHb) provide the two key routes by which information processed by mood regulatory, cortico-limbic-striatal circuits input into the 5-HT system. These two projections may converge as it appears that both activate local GABAergic neurons to inhibit 5-HT neurons in the DRN. Here we have tested this hypothesis by measuring the effect of stimulation of the mPFC and LHb on the activity of 5-HT and non-5-HT, putative γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) neurons in the DRN using extracellular recordings in anaesthetized rats. A total of 119 5-HT neurons (regular, slow firing, broad spike width) and 21 non-5-HT, putative GABA neurons (fast-firing, narrow spike width) were tested. Electrical stimulation of the mPFC or LHb caused a poststimulus inhibition (30 ms latency) of 101/119 5-HT neurons, of which 61 (60%) were inhibited by both the mPFC and LHb. Electrical stimulation of the mPFC or LHb also caused a short latency (12–20 ms) poststimulus facilitation of 10/21 non-5-HT neurons, of which 5 (50%) were activated by both the mPFC and LHb. These data indicate that a significant number of 5-HT neurons and non-5-HT neurons in the DRN are influenced by both the mPFC and LHb. Moreover, the data are compatible with the hypothesis and that there is a convergence of mPFC and LHb inputs on local circuit GABAergic neurons in the DRN which in turn inhibit the activity of 5-HT neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02465.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of dopamine and its metabolites in small volumes of rat brain dialysates using small-bore liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 368 (1986), S. 299-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0021-9673(00)91072-0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the locomotor effects induced by centrally injected TRH and TRH analogues
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 9 (1984), S. 305-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Keywords: CG3509 ; RX77368 ; locomotor activity ; nucleus accumbens ; septum ; striatum ; thyrotrophin-releasing hormone
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-0115(84)90083-1
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Vivo Measurement of Dopamine and Its Metabolites by Intracerebral Dialysis: Changes After d-Amphetamine (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 41 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: By using a new technique, intracerebral dialysis, in combination with high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection, it was possible to recover and measure endogenous extracellular dopamine, together with its metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) from the striatum and nucleus accumbens of anaesthetized or freely moving rats. In addition, measurements of extracellular 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, ascorbic acid, and uric acid were made. Basal extracellular concentrations of dopamine and DOPAC in the striatum were estimated to be 5 × 10−8M and 5 × 10−6M, respectively. d-Amphetamine (2 mg/kg s.c.) increased dopamine levels in the striatum perfusates by 14-fold, whereas levels of DOPAC and HVA decreased by 77% and 66%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb00893.x
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