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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathobiochemical response of tracheobronchial lymph nodes following intratracheal instillation of Polyvinylchloride dust in rats (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 65 (1991), S. 510-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Polyvinylchloride (PVC) dust ; Intratracheal instillation ; Tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLN) ; Pathobiochemical response ; Long-term toxicity ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PVC dust, following a single intratracheal instillation (25 mg/rat), was substantially cleared through the lymphatic circulation and progressively accumulated in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLN) in a time-dependent manner for up to 1 year. The tissue response in TBLN during 60–270 days post-instillation of PVC dust was characterized by progressive increase in total organ fresh weight, dry weight, DNA, RNA and protein contents, concurrent with the proliferation of macrophages and hyperplasia of reticular cells. Active phagocytosis and enhanced hydrolytic activity in TBLN was evident around 270 days post-instillation by the appearance of PVC-laden macrophages near and within the dust foci, and increased activity of acid phosphatase, DNAse, RNAse and β-glucuronidase. PVC dust caused degeneration of macrophages, and consequent release of hydrolytic enzymes resulted in limited cytotoxicity without inducing reticulination and fibrosis in the TBLN. The histology and clinical biochemistry of liver, kidney, spleen and serum were not altered and there were no detectable PVC particles in these tissues at up to 365 days. It is therefore concluded that lymphatic clearance of intratracheally instilled PVC dust results in its accumulation and mild foreign body reaction in TBLN which is non-fibrogenic at up to 365 days post-instillation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01977366
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental manganese lymphadenopathy in guinea pigs (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 36 (1976), S. 151-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Manganese lymphadenopathy ; Lymph nodes ; Guinea pigs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch intratracheale Applikation von Mangandioxid (50 mg/300 g Körpergewicht) wurde bei Meerschweinchen eine experimentelle Lymphadenopathie erzeugt und die histopathologischen Veränderungen in den tracheobronchialen Lymphknoten bis zu 180 Tagen beobachtet. Es wurde ein langsamer extrazellulärer Transport des Manganstaubes in die Lymphknoten gefunden, der in der Anfangsphase zu keinerlei signifikanten Reaktionen führte. In einer späteren Phase zeigten die Lymphknoten jedoch eine signifikante Zunahme in der Verteilungsdichte der Staubpartikel und Reaktionen wie Phagozytose, Degeneration staubbeladener Makrophagen, geringfügige Proliferation von Fibroblasten mit einer der Ablagerung von Staubpartikeln entsprechenden Reticulinose. Die Bedeutung dieser Beobachtungen wird unter dem Gesichtspunkt der chronischen Toxizität diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Experimental manganese lymphadenopathy was produced in guinea pigs by intratracheal inoculation of manganese dioxide (50 mg/300 g body weight) and histopathologic changes in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes were studied up to 180 days. There was slow extracellular transport of manganese dust into the nodes, which did not provoke any significant reaction at early periods. However, at later periods the nodes exhibited a significant increase in the density of dust particles and the reaction consisted of phagocytosis, degeneration of dust laden macrophages, slight proliferation of fibroblasts, together with some reticulinosis corresponding to deposits of dust particles. The significance of these findings have been discussed from the chronic toxicity viewpoint.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351975
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Air-Gap Enzyme Electrode: Development and Applications (1992)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 9 (1992), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: enzyme electrode ; air-gap electrode ; L-phenylalanine ; L-glutamic acid ; ammonia electrode ; carbon dioxide electrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A novel air-gap enzyme electrode was developed by amalgamating the principles controlling ion-selective electrodes, enzyme kinetics, and diffusion of molecules across membranes. Commercially available ammonia and carbon dioxide gas-sensing electrodes were modified to measure the respective gases over a head-space. A plexiglass cell was designed and fabricated to house the modified electrodes. The air-gap electrodes exhibited superior sensitivity and response characteristics compared to the original membrane electrodes. The plexiglass cell was divided into two compartments by virtue of a selectively permeable membrane. Enzymatic reactions were conducted in the cell to determine quantitatively the concentration of the substrate. L-Phenylalanine ammonia lyase was used to determine L-phenylalanine with the ammonia electrode and L-glutamate decarboxylase was utilized for the determination of L-glutamic acid by the carbon dioxide electrode. Near-Nernstian slopes were obtained for the response of the enzyme electrodes. In addition to the good reproducibility, the method provided unique ability to reuse the same enzyme solution for several determinations of various concentrations of the analyte. The performance of the two compartment cell and air-gap enzyme electrode was found to be superior in comparison to conventional enzyme electrodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015836228878
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamics and Mathematical Modeling of the Partitioning of Chlorpromazine Between n-Octanol and Aqueous Buffer (1990)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 7 (1990), S. 856-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: chlorpromazine ; partition coefficients ; association equilibria ; ion pairing, hydrophobic effect ; thermodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of chlorpromazine (CPZ) between aqueous buffer solutions and 1-octanol was studied over a wide range of pH, buffer concentration, and temperature. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the distribution profiles. It is assumed that only monomers of CPZ exist in the organic phase, whereas in the aqueous phase, association equilibria were assumed to occur. The model predicted the formation of dimers and no higher aggregates over most of the concentration range covered in this study. Thermodynamic parameters for the partition equilibria were evaluated from the equilibrium partition coefficients measured as a function of temperature. Positive values of ΔH and ΔS were obtained for the transfer of CPZ from the aqueous to the organic phase. The process is entropy controlled indicative of a hydrophobic interaction between CPZ and the aqueous solvent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015969017395
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the effect of nonhomogeneous flow fields on the orientation distribution and rheology of fiber suspensions (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 161-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of nonhomogeneous flow fields on the orientation distribution and rheology of fiber suspensions is investigated. The Stokes-Burger model is used to approximate the forces and moments on the fiber for the subsequent calculation of fiber angular velocities for nonhomogeneous cases where the velocity gradients vary over the fiber length. For simple shear flows, an analytical solution based on the Stokes-Burgers model is derived. Fiber angular velocities are compared to previously published results. An iterative numerical technique is developed to calculate the otherwise indeterminate fiber angular velocities for other nonhomogeneous flows, such as non-isothermal Hele-Shaw flows. The value of shear is derived for which the angular motion of the fiber in a quadratic velocity field is identical to that in a linear shear flow. Subsequently, numerical solutions for orientation distribution functions are presented for cases where analytical solutions for distribution functions are not obtainable. The rheological properties are then studied, using the orientation tensor description, for nonhomogeneous flow fields where the fiber motion can be approximated by that in a shear flow, the equivalent shear rate obtained from the numerical scheme.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310304
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