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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Marine geoscientific research on input and output in the Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone : MANGO ; Cruise Report SONNE 192/2 ; Auckland, New Zealand - Suva, Fiji, 26 April - 17 May 2007 = Marine Geowissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum In- und Output der Tonga-Kermadec Subduktionszone (2009)
    Kiel [u.a.]
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 S., 7,84 MB) , Ill., graph. Darst.
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb15/821469754.pdf
    URL: https://doi.org/10.2314/GBV:821469754
    DOI: 10.2314/GBV:821469754
    Language: English
    Note: Förderkennzeichen 03G0192A - 03G0192B , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indium : Geology, Mineralogy, and Economics. (2002)
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Details
    Keywords: Indium ores. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (262 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783662050767
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=3099975
    DDC: 553.499
    Language: English
    Note: Indium -- Copyright -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Petrological and Mineralogical Framework -- 3 Indium Metallogeny -- 4 Miscellaneous Indium Occurrences -- 5 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Indium-Bearing Ore Deposits -- 6 Model of Indium Ore Formation -- 7. Historical and Actual Production of Indium -- 8 Stockpile Situation in Relation to Different Types of Ore Deposits -- 9 Technological Applications and Consumption of Indium by Industries -- 10 Characteristics of Indium Deposits -- References -- Subject Index.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Volcanism, hydrothermal activity and vent biology in the Coriolis Troughs, New Hebrides Island Arc : RV Sonne cruise SO-229 ; 01.07.2013, Townsville (Australia) to 26.07.2013, Nouméa (New Caledonia) ; cruise report ; R/V SONNE SO-229 VANUATU ; COVOLVE (2013)
    Erlangen
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 244 S., 15,0 MB) , zahlr. Ill. u. graph. Darst., Kt.
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb15/83337866X.pdf
    URL: https://doi.org/10.2314/GBV:83337866X
    DOI: 10.2314/GBV:83337866X
    Language: English
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 03G0229 A-C. - Verbund-Nr. 01145089 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader. , Zsfassungen in engl. u. dt. Sprache
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  • 4
    Book
    Book
    Indium : geology, mineralogy, and economics (2002)
    Berlin : Springer
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Indium ores ; Indium ; Indium Metallurgy ; Indium ; Erzlagerstätte ; Metallogenese ; Mineralogie ; Geologie ; Indium ; Metallogenese ; Erzlagerstätte
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: xii, 257 p , ill., maps , 24 cm
    ISBN: 3540431357
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0817/2002510400-d.html
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0817/2002510400-t.html
    DDC: 553.499
    RVK:
    RB 10126
    Language: English
    Note: 'The study ... was commissioned and funded by the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR Hannover) and is a contribution to the research program "BGR 2000 - Raw Materials with Short Lifetime Reserves"'-Preface , Includes bibliographical references (p. [219]-236) and index
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  • 5
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    Hydrothermal chimneys host habitat-specific microbial communities: analogues for studying the possible impact of mining seafloor massive sulfide deposits (2018)
    Nature Research
    In:  Scientific Reports, 8 (1). p. 10386.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-19
    Description: To assess the risk that mining of seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) from extinct hydrothermal vent environments has for changing the ecosystem irreversibly, we sampled SMS analogous habitats from the Kairei and the Pelagia vent fields along the Indian Ridge. In total 19.8 million 16S rRNA tags from 14 different sites were analyzed and the microbial communities were compared with each other and with publicly available data sets from other marine environments. The chimneys appear to provide habitats for microorganisms that are not found or only detectable in very low numbers in other marine habitats. The chimneys also host rare organisms and may function as a vital part of the ocean's seed bank. Many of the reads from active and inactive chimney samples were clustered into OTUs, with low or no resemblance to known species. Since we are unaware of the chemical reactions catalyzed by these unknown organisms, the impact of this diversity loss and bio-geo-coupling is hard to predict. Given that chimney structures can be considered SMS analogues, removal of sulfide deposits from the seafloor in the Kairei and Pelagia fields will most likely alter microbial compositions and affect element cycling in the benthic regions and probably beyond.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Format: other
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    Format: other
    Format: other
    Format: other
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28613-5
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Mapping seafloor massive sulfides with the Golden Eye frequency-domain Em profiler (2018)
    EAGE
    In:  First Break, 36 (10). pp. 61-67.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-17
    Description: Since the early discovery of a black-smoker complex in 1978 on the East Pacific Rise at 21°N, speculations and expectations have been driven about the potential and perspectives of mining seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits in the deep-ocean. With a worldwide accelerating industrialization, emerging markets, increased commodity prices and metal demand, and advance¬ments in deep-water mining and extraction technologies, mining of SMS may become economically feasible in the near future (Kowalczyk, 2008). However, we still know little about the resource potential of SMS deposits, and the development of geophysical methods for an assessment of their spatial extent, composition, and inner structure is crucial to derive a proper assessment of their economic value. Novel geophysical mapping techniques and exploration strategies are required to locate extinct and buried clusters of SMS deposits, away from the active vent fields and of larger economic potential, but are difficult to find and sample by conventional methods. In 2015 the International Seabed Authority (ISA) assigned an exploration license for polymetallic sulfide deposits to the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) in a specified area comprising 100 patches, each 10 . 10 km in size, distributed along the Central and Southeastern Indian Ridge. The challenge to acquire high resolution near-surface electromagnetic (EM) data in such geologically and morphologically complex mid-ocean ridge environments has been addressed by our recent development of the deep-sea profiler Golden Eye that utilizes a frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) central loop sensor, of 3.3 m diameter (Müller et al., 2016). This system has been used in 2015 and 2017 to map active and relict hydrothermal vent fields in the SMS licensing areas. Aside from technological developments, this paper discusses new data processing routines and methods to unravel the conductivity-depth-distribution, induced polarization and magnetic susceptibility, and joint interpretation with geochem¬istry as key elements to map and evaluate SMS deposits.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Clay alteration of volcaniclastic material in a submarine geothermal system, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand (2010)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 191 (3-4). pp. 180-192.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-26
    Description: The Calypso Hydrothermal Vent Field (CHVF) is located along an offshore extension of the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), an area of abundant volcanism and geothermal activity on the North Island of New Zealand. The field occurs within a northeast-trending submarine depression on the continental shelf approximately 10–15 km southwest of the White Island volcano in the Bay of Plenty. The graben has been partially filled by tephra from regional subaerial volcanic eruptions, and active hydrothermal venting occurs at several locations along its length. The vents occur at water depths of 160 to 190 m and have temperatures up to 201 °C. Recovered samples from the vent field include variably cemented and veined volcaniclastic sediments containing an assemblage of clay minerals, amorphous silica, barite, As–Sb–Hg sulfides, and abundant native sulfur. The volcanic glass has been altered primarily to montmorillonite and mixed-layer illite–montmorillonite; illite, and possibly minor talc and mixed-layer chlorite–smectite or chlorite–vermiculite are also present. A hydrothermal versus diagenetic origin for the smectite is indicated by the presence of both illite and mixed-layer clays and by the correlation between the abundance of clay minerals and the abundance of native sulfur in the samples. The mineralization and alteration of the volcanic host rocks are similar to that observed in near-neutral pH geothermal systems on land in the TVZ (e.g., Broadlands–Ohaaki). However, the clay minerals in the CHVF have a higher concentration of Mg in the dioctahedral layer and a higher interlayer Na content than clay minerals from Broadlands–Ohaaki, reflecting the higher concentrations of Mg and Na in seawater compared to meteoric water. Minerals formed at very low pH (e.g., kaolinite and alunite), typical of steam-heated acid-sulfate type alteration in the TVZ geothermal environment, were not found. Mixing with seawater likely prevented the formation of such low-pH mineral assemblages. The occurrence of illite and mixed-layer illite–smectite close to the seafloor in the CHVF, rather than at depth as in the Broadlands system, is interpreted to reflect the higher pressures associated with submarine venting. This allows hotter fluids to be discharged before they boil, and thus minerals that are encountered mainly at depth in subaerial geothermal systems can form close to the seafloor.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.01.018
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  • 8
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    Tectonic focusing of voluminous basaltic eruptions in magma-deficient backarc rifts (2016)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 440 . pp. 43-55.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Highlights • Shield-type volcanoes in young backarc rifts may be linked to arc segmentation. • Arc-transverse faults act as magma conduits for voluminous basaltic eruptions. • The Nifonea volcano hosts the first large lava lake described in a submarine backarc. • Effusive eruptions produced short-live hydrothermal venting and an “event plume”. The Coriolis Troughs of the New Hebrides subduction zone are among the youngest backarc rifts in the world. They reach depths of 〉3 km, despite their small size (〈100 km in length and only 25-45 km wide) and their proximity to the arc front (∼50 km). The narrow, deep graben morphology is characteristic of magma-deficient arc rifts in the early stages of backarc extension, where the rate of extension and subsidence exceeds the magmatic input. Unexpectedly, the youngest graben, the Vate Trough, contains a centrally-located 1000-m tall and 14-km wide shield volcano with a large, 5 × 8 km breached summit caldera. The Nifonea axial volcano has a volume of ∼126 km3, reflecting unusually high extrusion rates, given its young age (〈3 Ma), and the summit caldera hosts the remnants of a large lava lake, the first described from a submarine backarc setting. Extensive diffuse hydrothermal venting and several clusters of black smoker chimneys, with the highest recorded fluid temperatures (368 °C) in the SW Pacific, occur on the youngest lava flows. Comparison with similar axial volcanoes on the mid-ocean ridges suggests that the 46 ×106 m3 of sheet flows in the caldera could have been erupted in 〈30 hours. The focusing of voluminous basaltic eruptions into an otherwise magma-deficient backarc has been linked to strong left-lateral transtension caused by clockwise rotation and segmentation of the southern portion of the arc after collision with d'Entrecasteaux ridge. This study shows that the upper plate stresses can result in dramatic variability in magma supply and hydrothermal activity at the earliest stages of arc rifting and could explain the wide range of melt compositions, volcanic styles and mineral deposit types found in nascent backarc rifts.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.002
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  • 9
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    Indium: geology, mineralogy, and economics (2002)
    Springer
    In:  Springer, Berlin, New York, 257 pp. ISBN 3-540-43135-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-31
    Description: The extraordinary growth of the computer and semiconductor industrires and the increasing consumption of indium in these technologies in recent years have placed major constraints on current and future reserves of this metal. Despite the current technological interest, there is no comprehensive textbook which deals with all aspects of indium mineralization and economics. This book reviews the geological, mineralogical, geochemical and petrological characteristics of indium-bearing ore deposits and develops a general metallogenic concept for indium in identifying the essential enrichment processes and their economic significance.
    Type: Book , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Volcanogenic Indium in Massive Sulfide Deposits of the Murchison Greenstone Belt, S. Africa (2003)
    Schweizerbart
    In:  Zeitschrift für Angewandte Geologie, 2003 (2). pp. 38-42.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-12
    Description: The Archean Murchison greenstone belt, Northern Province, South Africa, represents a rifted volcanic arc sequence hosting the largest volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) district in Southern Africa. The VMS deposits of the "Cu-Zn line" developed during the initial phases of highly evolved felsic volcanism between 2971 and 2965 Ma and are closely associated with quartz-porphyritic rhyolite domes. Elevated heat supply along slow-spreading rift segments ensured regional hydrothermal convection along the entire rift axis. Recurrent volcanism resulted in frequent disruption of hydrothermal discharge and relative short-lived episodes of hydrothermal activity. Stable thermal conditions favoured the local development of mature hydrothermal vent fields from focused fluid discharge and sulfide precipitation in thin layers of volcaniclastic rocks. Ore mineralogy and geochemical composition attest to hydrothermal activity at moderate temperatures of 〈= 250 °C for the entire rift axis, with short-lived pulses of higher temperature(~ 300 °C) fluid upflow. Major and trace metal composition of the deposits attests to the highly differentiated felsic source rocks. Fluid and host rock compositions constrained favourable conditions for the enrichment of indium in the massive sulfide deposits defining the "Cu-Zn line" as a type example for the enrichment of indium in the volcanogenic environment.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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