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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 27 (1982), S. 360-363 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Iatrogenic fibrosis and stricture of an infants extrahepatic bile ducts was successfully repaired by Roux-en-Y portoenterostomy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les résultats de l'anastomose iléo-terminale en aval d'un réservoir iléal sont variables, les selles pouvant Être fréquentes, rares ou absentes. Pour déterminer les facteurs physiologiques (extensibilité du réservoir et motilité) et anatomiques (forme du réservoir et proximité de l'anus) susceptibles d'expliquer ces variations, les auteurs ont créé chez le chien à l'aide de l'iléon un réservoir en forme de S ou en double cylindre, la continuité avec l'anus étant rétablie soit directement soit par l'intermédiaire d'un conduit iléal de 2 cm ou d'un conduit plus long de 6 cm. La réalisation de l'un ou de l'autre de ces réservoirs se traduit par l'emmagasinement du bol fécal, le prolongement du temps de transit intestinal et la réduction du temps de fréquence des selles par rapport à l'anastomose iléale anale directe sans réservoir. L'électromyographie et la manométrie révèlent que la répétition des contractions péristaltiques simultanées des deux ou trois branches d'iléon formant les 2 types de réservoir est indispensable pour engendrer les vagues de pression intra-luminales nécessaires au déclenchement de l'évacuation complète du réservoir. Ces contractions simultanées se manifestent moins souvent au niveau du réservoir en forme de S qu'au niveau du réservoir en double cylindre. En six mois, le réservoir en forme de S devient un élément inerte, obstructif. Par ailleurs, l'interposition du conduit iléal entre les réservoirs et l'anus facilite la réalisation de l'opération, mais lorsque sa longueur est supérieure à 2 cm, l'évacuation du bol fécal est gÊnée. En conclusion, le réservoir à double cylindre est supérieur au réservoir en forme de S, ses caractères physiologiques (extensibilité et contractibilité) se rapprochant de ceux du rectum normal, à condition qu'il soit situé près de l'anus (2 cm).
    Kurzfassung: Abstracto Los resultados finales después de anastomosis íleoanal con un reservorio ileal proximal varían desde frecuencia defecatoria hasta obstrucción. Con el objeto de definir los determinantes fisiológicos (capacitancia funcional del reservorio, motilidad) y anatómicos (diseño del reservorio, proximidad anal) del variable resultado clínico, construímos en perros reservorios en forma de S (SS-R) o de doble luz (DB-R) en continuidad con el ano, directamente o vía conductos ileales de 2 cm y 6 cm. En virtud de una mayor capacitancia funcional cualquiera de los dos reservorios los mismos permiten almacenamiento fecal, prolongan el tiempo de trámite intestinal y mejoran la frecuencia defecatoria que se observa después de anastomosis íleoanales. La electromiografía y la manometría revelan que se requieren contracciones peristálticas simultáneas, repetitivas, de 2 y 3 asas ileales que forman el DB-R y SS-R, respectivamente para generar las ondas de presión intraluminal necesarias para promover la evacuación completa del reservorio. Tales contracciones simultáneas ocurren con menor frecuencia en el SS-R que en el DB-R. Por consiguiente, el SS-R se convierte en un viscus inerte, que produce obstrucción en el curso de 6 meses, lo cual no se observa con el DB-R, el cual es más fuerte desde el punto de vista peristáltico. Los conductos ileales facilitan la colocación del reservorio, pero cuando son de una longitud mayor de 2 cm, éstos impiden la evacuación del reservorio y predisponen a la obstrucción. Hemos concluído que, en contraste con el SS-R, el DB-R posee características fisiológicas (capacitación funcional y contractilidad) que permiten hábitos intestinales normales, pero sólo si es colocado en proximidad anatómica del ano.
    Notizen: Abstract End results after ileoanal anastomosis with a proximal ileal reservoir range from defecatory frequency to obstruction. To define the physiological (reservoir compliance, motility) and anatomical (reservoir design, anal proximity) determinants of the varying clinical outcome, we placed an S-shaped (SS-R) or double-barreled (DB-R) reservoir in comtinuity with the anus in dogs, either directly or via 2-cm or 6-cm ileal conduits. Because of increased compliance, either reservoir provides for fecal storage, prolongs intestinal transit time, and alleviates the defecatory frequency seen after direct ileoanal anastomosis. Electromyography and manometry revealed that repetitive, simultaneous peristaltic contractions of the 2 and 3 ileal limbs forming the DB-R and SS-R, respectively, are required to generate the intraluminal pressure waves necesssary to promote complete reservoir evacuation. Such simultaneous contractions occur less often in the SS-R than in the DB-R. Therefore, the SS-R develops into an inert, obstructing viscus within 6 months, which is not seen with the peristaltically stronger DB-R. Ileal conduits facilitate reservoir placement; but, when longer than 2 cm, they impede reservoir evacuation and predispose to obstruction. We conclude that, in contrast to the SS-R, the DB-R has physiological characteristics (compliance yet contractility) that allow normal bowel habits, but only if it is placed in anatomical proximity to the anus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Intestinal transplantation ; acute rejection ; intraepithelial lymphocytes ; Acute rejection ; intraepithelial lymphocytes ; intestinal transplantation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Infiltration of a transplanted organ by host lymphoid cells is the hallmark of acute rejection. However, after intestinal transplantation, physiological lymphocyte migration may lead to host cell infiltration of the graft even in the absence of rejection. It is unclear whether this lymphocyte migration also involves the intraepithelial compartment of the graft or whether infiltration there is indicative of acute rejection. We demonstrate here that host cell infiltration of the intestinal mucosa occurs both during acute rejection of a small bowel allograft and, to a lesser extent, when rejection is prevented by immunosuppression with FK506. The infiltrating host cells consisted of CD3 + T cells with a predominant CD4–CD8 + phenotype resembling intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). Functional studies showed that the nonspecific cytolytic activity of IELs was not affected by acute rejection or by immunosuppression with FK506. These findings indicate that host cell infiltration of the intestinal mucosa does not connote an ongoing acute rejection. Furthermore, the decreased mucosal barrier function during acute rejection of intestinal allgrafts is probably not due to impaired cytolytic activity of IELs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Schlagwort(e): Small bowel transplantation, rat, chronic reiection ; Repopulation, small bowel transplantation ; Chronic rejection, small bowel transplantation, rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Lewis rat recipients of long-term, surviving, orthotopic Brown-Norway rat intestinal allografts, initially treated with cyclosporin A (CyA) or FK 506, were evaluated for their functional capacity and morphology over 1 year after the immunosuppressive therapy had been discontinued. Functional parameters such as nitrogen and fat balances, maltose absorption, blood chemistry, hematologic studies, and the weight gained by the allografted animals did not differ from those of syngeneically grafted or agematched normal animals. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the lamina propria of the allografts was repopulated with recipient MHC class II+mononuclear cells and that a normal distribution of T helper, T suppressor/killer, and IgA+plasma cells had occurred. However, fibrous replacement of the mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches were detected in all, and an inflammatory obliterative arteriolopathy developed in the mesenteric vasculature of half of the allografted animals. No such findings were observed in recipients of syngeneic grafts. These results demonstrate that the limited use of potent immunosuppressive agents immediately after transplantation averts rejection and is followed by recipient-type mucosal lymphocytic repopulation. Simultaneously, a clinically not recognizable chronic rejection evolves. This suggests that the timely diagnosis of chronic rejection may not be possible with the use of standard tests of gut function and random mucosal biopsies alone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Schlagwort(e): small intestine ; transplantation ; gastrointestinal motility ; intestinal absorption
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of transplantation on small intestinal absorption, digestive capacity, myoelectric activity, and morphology was assessed in inbred Lewis rats. Electrodes were sutured to the duodenum and isografted jejunoileum or to the native jejunoileum in controls. The frequency of migrating myoelectric complexes (MMCs) in the duodenum was 3.3±0.3/hr in controls and 1.8±0.4/hr in transplants (P〈0.05). MMC frequency in the jejunoileum was 5.1±1.3/hr in controls and 3.2±0.9/hr in transplants (P〉0.05). MMCs appeared to migrate from the duodenum to the jejunoileum 80±3% of the time in controls and 59±7% of the time in transplant rats (P〈0.05). Absorption in the transplanted jejunoileum demonstrated a 35–40% decrease in glucose and electrolytes absorption. Villus height and number of nuclei per villus was reduced. Intestinal length (dry) was 103±6 cm for controls and 51±3 cm for transplant rats (P〈0.05). Brush border sucrase activity was unchanged. We conclude that small intestinal isografts display similar myoelectric activity as controls, but the decreased absorptive capacity and villus height may require longer segments of intestine to be transplanted in order to support normal nutrition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Schlagwort(e): immunoglobulin A ; ulcerative colitis ; ileum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Patients with chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC) are known to have decreased spontaneous IgA secretion by colonic mononuclear cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether a similar alteration exists in the apparently healthy ileum of patients with CUC. The concentration of IgA was measured in the supernatant from homogenized mucosal ileal biopsies using a sandwich-type ELISA. The concentration of IgA was significantly (P=0.025) decreased in the ileum of patients with CUC (N=24) in comparison to normal ileum (N=10). The number of mucosal IgA-containing mononuclear cells (MNC) was also determined using an avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase technique on paraffin-embedded ileal sections. Although reduced, the number of positive cells and their distribution was not significantly different in the ileum of patients with CUC (N=20) when compared to normal ileum (N=10). We suggest that decreased mucosal IgA levels are a panintestinal condition in CUC and that this is a primary alteration rather than a secondary response to the inflammatory process. Considering the role of IgA, we propose that decreased mucosal IgA levels in CUC may predispose to the disease by a reduction of the immune-mediated exclusion mechanism and/or by an impairment of the down-regulation of the inflammatory response.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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