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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-07-01
    Beschreibung: The southern part of the Strandja Massif, northern Thrace, Turkey, comprises a basement of various gneisses, micaschists and rare amphibolite, and a cover of metaconglomerate and metasandstone, separated from each other by a pre-metamorphic unconformity. Metamorphic grade decreases from the epidote–amphibolite facies in the south to the albite–epidote–amphibolite/greenschist-facies transition in the north. Estimated P–T conditions are 485–530°C and 0.60–0.80 GPa in the epidote–amphibolite facies domain, and decrease towards the transitional domain between greenschist- and epidote–amphibolite facies. Rb–Sr muscovite ages range from 162.9 ± 1.6 Ma to 149.1 ± 2.1 Ma, and are significantly older (279–296 Ma) in the northernmost part of the study area. The Rb–Sr biotite ages decrease from 153.9 ± 1.5 Ma in the south to 134.4 ± 1.3 Ma in the north. These age values in conjunction with the attained temperatures suggest that the peak metamorphism occurred at around 160 Ma and cooling happened diachronously, and Rb–Sr muscovite ages were not reset during the metamorphism in the northernmost part. Structural features such as (i) consistent S-dipping foliation and SW to SE-plunging stretching lineation, (ii) top-to-the-N shear sense, and (iii) N-vergent ductile shear zones and brittle thrusts suggest a N-vergent compressional deformation coupled with exhumation. We tentatively ascribe this metamorphism and subsequent diachronous cooling to the northward propagation of a thrust slice. The compressional events in the Strandja Massif were most probably related to the coeval N-vergent subduction/collision system in the southerly lying Rhodope Massif.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7568
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-5081
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-10-20
    Beschreibung: Basanites from the Tertiary Siebengebirge area of Germany (part of the Central European Volcanic Province; CEVP) have high Mg# (〉0·60), moderate to high Cr (〉300 ppm) and Ni (〉200 ppm) contents and strong light rare earth element enrichment, but systematic depletion in Rb and K relative to trace elements of similar compatibility in anhydrous mantle. Rare earth element melting models can explain the petrogenesis of these basanites in terms of partial melting of a spinel peridotite source containing residual amphibole. It is inferred that amphibole, indicated by the relative K and Rb depletion and the melting model, was precipitated in the spinel peridotite lithospheric mantle beneath the Siebengebirge, by metasomatic fluids or melts from a rising mantle diapir or plume. Alkali basalts and more differentiated rocks have lower Mg# and lower abundances of Ni and Cr, and have undergone fractionation of mainly olivine, clinopyroxene, Fe–Ti oxides, amphibole and plagioclase. Most of the basanites and alkali basalts approach the Sr–Nd–Pb isotope compositions inferred for the European Asthenospheric Reservoir component. Trace element constraints (i.e. low Nb/U and Ce/Pb ratios) and the Sr–Nd–Pb isotope composition of the differentiated rocks indicate that assimilation of lower crustal material has modified the composition of the primary mantle-derived magmas. High 207 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios in the differentiated lavas point to assimilation of ancient lower crustal components having high U/Pb and Th/Pb ratios. Relatively shallow melting of inferred amphibole-bearing spinel peridotite sources may suggest an origin from the metasomatized part of the thermal boundary layer. Application of new thermobarometric equations for the basaltic magmas indicates relatively normal mantle potential temperatures (1300–1400°C); thus the inferred mantle ‘baby plume’ or ‘hot finger’ is not thermally anomalous.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3530
    Digitale ISSN: 1460-2415
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 116 (1994), S. 365-380 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Chemical data of 39 fresh basaltic glasses from the East Pacific Rise (EPR) between 6 and 30°S and Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic compositions of 12 basalt glasses are presented. Major and trace element data indicate a wide compositional range, including primitive basalts (Mg#=0.67) and highly evolved FeTi-basalts (Mg#=0.34) [molMg/(Mg+Fe2+)]. The compositional range can be attributed to low-pressure fractional crystallization. Fractionation-corrected major element concentrations provide evidence for varying mantle melting conditions. Calculations of the melting conditions suggest melt generation in a rising upper mantle column between 20 and 10 kbar, at temperatures between 1430 and 1280°C, and total degrees of partial melting between 17 and 20% by weight. Leached and hand-picked basalt glasses display large variations in 87Sr/86Sr (0.70235–0.70270), 143Nd/144Nd (0.51312–0.51323), and 206Pb/204Pb (18.064–18.665), but are similar to other N-type MORB from the EPR. The isotopic ratios of basalts from 13 to 23°S show strong correlations and delineate two systematic trends. From 23 to 17°S, 87Sr/86Sr and Pb isotope ratios increase and 143Nd/144Nd decrease in agreement with previous results (Mahoney et al. 1989). A reverse trend is indicated by basalts from 17 to 13°S. However, K/Ti and (La/Sm)N continuously increase from 23 to 13°S. This opposite behavior indicates a recent decoupling of isotopic and minor element ratios in the mantle between 13 and 17°S. North of 13.5°S (Garrett Fracture Zone), isotopic data show no systematic variation with ridge location and display an overall weaker covariation. The results suggest that the isotopic variations and ridge segmentation appear to be unrelated and that major ridge offsets apparently coincide with changes in mantle melting conditions (P, T, F) (F, degrees of melting). There is no evidence for a systematic relationship between calculated melting conditions and second order ridge segmentation. Our isotopic data provide further evidence for regionally confined chemical variations in the mantle at 5 to 30°S. We interpret the isotopic trends as reflecting melting of distinct smallvolume and old enriched mantle components. In contrast, variations in trace elements are attributed to young mantle differentiation processes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The Urach volcanic field is unique within the Tertiary–Quaternary European volcanic province (EVP) due to more than 350 tuffaceous diatremes and only sixteen localities with extremely undersaturated olivine melilitite. We report representative Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic compositions and incompatible trace element data for twenty-two pristine augite, Cr-diopside, hornblende, and phlogopite megacryst samples from the diatremes, and seven melilitite whole rocks. The Pb isotopic compositions for melilitites and comagmatic megacrysts have very radiogenic 206Pb/204Pb ratios of 19.4 to 19.9 and plot on the northern hemisphere mantle reference line (NHRL). The data indicate absence of an old crustal component as reflected in the high 207Pb/204Pb ratios of many basalts from the EVP. This inference is supported by 206Pb/204Pb ratios of ∼17.6 to 18.3 and ɛNd of ∼−7.8 to +1.6 for five phlogopite xenocryst samples reflecting a distinct and variably rejuvenated lower Hercynian basement. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7033 to 0.7035 in the comagmatic megacrysts are low relative to their moderately radiogenic Nd isotopic compositions (ɛNd +2.2 to +5.1) and consistent with a long-term source evolution with a low Rb/Sr ratio and depletion in light rare-earth elements (LREE). The melilitite whole-rock data show a similar range in Nd isotopic ratios as determined for the megacrysts but their Sr isotopic compositions are often much more radiogenic due to surface alteration. The REE patterns and incompatible trace element ratios of the melilitites (e.g. Nb/Th, Nb/U, Sr/Nd, P/Nd, Ba/Th, Zr/Hf) are similar to those in ocean island basalts (OIB); negative anomalies for normalized K and Rb concentrations support a concept of melt evolution in the lithospheric mantle. Highly variable Ce/Pb ratios of 29 to 66 are positively correlated with La/Lu, La/K2O, and Ba/Nd and interpreted to reflect melting in the presence of residual amphibole and phlogopite. The data suggest an origin of the melilitites from a chemical boundary layer very recently enriched by melts from old OIB sources. We suggest that the OIB-like mantle domains represent low-temperature melting heterogeneities in an upwelling asthenosphere under western Europe.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 118 (1994), S. 249-255 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Oxygen isotope partitioning between calcite and tremolite was experimentally calibrated in the presence of small amounts of a supercritical CO2−H2O fluid at temperatures from 520 to 680° C and pressures from 3 to 10 kbar. The experiments were carried out within the stability field of the calcite-tremolite assemblage based on phase equilibrium relationships in the system CaO−MgO−SiO2−CO2−H2O, so that decomposition of calcite and tremolite was avoided under the experimental conditions. Appropriate proportions of carbon dioxide to water were used to meet this requirement. Large weight ratios of mineral to fluid were employed in order to make the isotopic exchange between calcite and tremolite in the presence of a fluid close to that without fluid. The data processing method for isotopic exchange in a three-phase system has been applied to extrapolate partial equilibrium data to equilibrium values. The determined fractionation factors between calcite (Cc) and tremolite (Tr) are expressed as:1031n αCc-Tr=3.80 × 106/T 2-1.67 By combining the present data with the experimental calibrations of Clayton et al. (1989) on the calcite-quartz system, we obtain the fractionation for the quartztremolite system: 1031n αQz-Tr=4.18 × 106/T 2-1.67 Our experimental calibrations are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations of Hoffbauer et al. (1994) and the empirical estimates of Bottinga and Javoy (1975) based on isotopic data from naturall assemblages. At 700▿ C good agreement also exists between our experimental data and theoretical values calculated by Zheng (1993b). With decreasing temperature, however, an increasing difference between these data appears. Retrograde isotopic reequilibration by oxygen diffusion may be common for amphibole relative to diopside in metamorphic rocks. However, isotopic equilibrium in amphibole can be preserved in cases of rapid cooling.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 30 (1982), S. 59-75 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In den penninischen Zentralgneisarealen des westlichen Tauernfensters treten weit verbreitet Migmatite auf. Für die Migmatisation wurde sowohl ein prä-alpidisches als auch ein alpidisches Alter angenommen. Zur Festlegung des Alters der Migmatisation wurden die in der Nähe der Berliner Hütte auftretenden nebulitischen in-situ gebildeten Migmatite petrologisch untersucht und ihr Bildungsalter geochronologisch bestimmt. Diese Migmatite liegen in dem Gebiet höchstgradiger alpidischer Metamorphose. Eine Rb/Sr-Isochrone ergab für diese Gesteine ein herzynisches Bildungsalter von 283±28 m.y. Dieses Alter entspricht wahrscheinlich dem Höhepunkt der herzynischen Metamorphose. Rb/Sr-Altersbestimmungen an den Phengiten und Biotiten ergaben für die Abkühlung dieser Gesteine unter 500 bzw. 300°C ein alpidisches Alter von ca. 21 bzw. 14 m.y. Aus der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Migmatite und einer Druckabschätzung für die herzynische Metamorphose von ca. 4 kb ergibt sich für das Leukosom der Migmatite eine Solidustemperatur von ca. 670°C. Aus den Stabilitätsbeziehungen alpin gebildeter Minerale, den18O/16O Temperaturen und der Soliduskurve des Leukosoms der Migmatite ergibt sich, daß eine alpidische Migmati sation selbst unter den Bedingungen der höchstgradigen alpidischen Metamorphose nicht möglich ist.
    Notizen: Summary Migmatites are very common in the Penninic Zentralgneis series of the Western Tauern Window. Nebulitic migmatites occurring near the Berliner Hütte (Zillertaler Alpen) have been studied by petrological and geochronological methods in order to determine the conditions and time of their formation. These migmatites occur in an area in which Alpine metamorphism attained its highest grade. An Rb/Sr isochron for the migmatites yielded a Hercynian age of 283±28 m.y. This age probably corresponds to the climax of Hercynian metamorphism in the Penninic area of the Tauern Window. Rb/Sr age determinations on the phengites and biotites of these migmatites give ages of 21 and 14 m.y., respectively. These ages are the result of cooling of the rocks below 500°C and 300°C, respectively, during Alpine times. From the chemical composition of the migmatites a solidus temperature of about 670°C at 4 kb is inferred. Consideration of oxygen isotope and mineral stability data for minerals formed during high grade Alpine metamorphism indicates that these P-T conditions were not achieved during Alpine times. This also supports a pre-Alpine age for the migmatization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 73 (1984), S. 47-68 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract The Austroalpine basement complex has a complicated pre-Alpidic history which begins with the Caledonian era. In the late Precambrian (?) and early Paleozoic a magmatic-sedimentary rock sequence is formed presumably in an island-arc or active continental margin environment. Subduction with eclogite formation is followed by collision, high-grade metamorphism and anatexis in the Ordovician. This Caledonian basement is preserved in parts of the Austroalpine crystalline mass. The post-Caledonian deposits are mainly shelf type sediments with intercalated volcanics, although there is evidence for an oceanic basin to the south. The Variscan facies zones are arranged in SW-NE direction, oblique to the Alpidic trend. In a first stage of Variscan orogeny in the Carboniferous, south(east)-vergent decollement nappes, syntectonic flysch deposits, and granitoids are formed along with regional metamorphism. This is followed by a second stage in the Permian with north(west)-vergent thrusting, renewed granite formation, and metamorphism. The Variscan nappe pile is today exposed in a deeper level in the west or northwest than in the east or southeast.
    Kurzfassung: Résumé Le complexe du socle austroalpin est passé par une histoire préalpine compliquée qui commence avec l'ère calédonienne. Vers la fin du Précambrien(?) et pendant le début du Paléozoïque, il s'est formé une série de roches magmatiques et sédimentaires probablement dans un milieu d'arc insulaire ou de marge continentale active. Subduction et formation d'êclogites ont été suivies à l'Ordovicien de collision, métamorphisme de degré élevé et anatexie. Le socle calédonien ainsi formé est conservé dans des parties du cristallin austroalpin. Les dépôts postcalédoniens sont surtout des sédiments de plate-forme continentale avec intercalations de roches volcaniques, bien qu'il y ait aussi des indice de l'existence d'un bassin océanique vers le Sud. Pendant l'ère varisque les zones de facies sont disposées dans une direction SW-NE, c'est-à-dire obliquement par rapport à la direction alpine. Au Carbonifère, au cours d'un premier stade de l'orogenèse varisque des nappes de décollement se sont formées en direction du Sud(est), avec flyschs syntectoniques et granitoïdes en liaison avec un métamorphisme régional. Vient ensuite un deuxième stade dans le Permien avec chevauchement vers le Nord(ouest), formation renouvelée de granites et métamorphisme. La pile de nappes varisques est aujourd'hui recoupée à un niveau plus profond à l'Ouest ou au Nord-ouest qu'à l'Est ou au Sud-est.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Der ostalpine Grundgebirgskomplex hat eine komplizierte voralpidische Geschichte durchgemacht, die mit der kaledonischen Ära beginnt. Im ausgehenden Präkambrium (?) und frühen Paläozoikum wurde eine magmatisch-sedimentäre Gesteinsfolge vermutlich in einem Inselbogen- oder aktiven Kontinentalrand-Milieu gebildet. Subduktion und Eklogitbildung werden im Ordoviz von Kollision, hochgradiger Metamorphose und Anatexis gefolgt. Das damit gebildete kaledonische Grundgebirge ist in Teilen des ostalpinen Kristallins erhalten. Die postkaledonischen Ablagerungen sind großteils Schelfsedimente mit eingeschalteten Vulkaniten, obwohl auch Hinweise für ein im Süden gelegenes ozeanisches Becken existieren. Die variszischen Fazieszonen sind in SW-NE-Richtung schräg zum alpidischen Streichen angeordnet. In einem ersten Stadium der variszischen Orogenese kommt es im Karbon zur Bildung von süd(ost)vergenten Abscherungsdecken, syntektonischen Flyschen und Granitoiden im Zusammenhang mit Regionalmetamorphose. Es folgt ein zweites Stadium im Perm mit nord(west)vergenten Überschiebungen, erneuter Granitbildung und Metamorphose. Der variszische Deckenstapel wird heute im Westen oder Nordwesten in einem tieferen Niveau angeschnitten als im Osten oder Südosten.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 88 (1999), S. 422-443 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Odenwald ; Mid-German Crystalline Rise ; Magmatic arc ; Subduction ; Granitoid genesis ; O ; Sr ; Nd isotope systematics ; High-K granitoids ; Monzonitic suite
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Latest Devonian to early Carboniferous plutonic rocks from the Odenwald accretionary complex reflect the transition from a subduction to a collisional setting. For ∼362 Ma old gabbroic rocks from the northern tectonometamorphic unit I, initial isotopic compositions (εNd=+3.4 to +3.8;87Sr/86Sr =0.7035–0.7053;δ18O=6.8–8.0‰) and chemical signatures (e.g., low Nb/Th, Nb/U, Ce/Pb, Th/U, Rb/Cs) indicate a subduction-related origin by partial melting of a shallow depleted mantle source metasomatized by water-rich, large ion lithophile element-loaded fluids. In the central (unit II) and southern (unit III) Odenwald, syncollisional mafic to felsic granitoids were emplaced in a transtensional setting at approximately 340–335 Ma B.P. Unit II comprises a mafic and a felsic suite that are genetically unrelated. Both suites are intermediate between the medium-K and high-K series and have similar initial Nd and Sr signatures (εNd=0.0 to –2.5;87Sr/86Sr=0.7044–0.7056) but different oxygen isotopic compositions (δ18O=7.3–8.7‰ in mafic vs 9.3–9.5‰ in felsic rocks). These characteristics, in conjunction with the chemical signatures, suggest an enriched mantle source for the mafic magmas and a shallow metaluminous crustal source for the felsic magmas. Younger intrusives of unit II have higher Sr/Y, Zr/Y, and Tb/Yb ratios suggesting magma segregation at greater depths. Mafic high-K to shoshonitic intrusives of the southern unit III have initial isotopic compositions (εNd=–1.1 to –1.8;87Sr/86Sr =0.7054–0.7062;δ18O=7.2–7.6‰) and chemical characteristics (e.g., high Sr/Y, Zr/Y, Tb/Yb) that are strongly indicative of a deep-seated enriched mantle source. Spatially associated felsic high-K to shoshonitic rocks of unit III may be derived by dehydration melting of garnet-rich metaluminous crustal source rocks or may represent hybrid magmas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Schlagwort(e): 550 - Earth sciences
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-12
    Schlagwort(e): 550 - Earth sciences
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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