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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: The largest earthquake in the Zagros Mountains struck the city of Azgeleh on the Iran–Iraq border on 12 November 2017. This Mw 7.3 earthquake was followed by an intense seismic sequence. Implementing the double-difference earthquake location technique, we relocate 1069 events recorded by our local seismic network, deployed after the mainshock. The spatial distribution of the epicenters indicates linear alignments of the events nucleated along at least four notable clusters. The clusters are characterized by at least one significant earthquake, such as the Tazehabad earthquake of 25 August 2018 (Mw 5.9) along a dense, east–west trending cluster and the Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake of 25 November 2018 (Mw 6.3) along the cluster with a northeast–southwest trend. We use two-pass differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) and Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) methods to study the coseismic permanent displacements of the Azgeleh, Tazehabad and Sarpol-e Zahab events as well as the one-year postseismic deformation field of the 2017–2018 seismic sequence, respectively. We use non-linear and linear optimization algorithms to derive the source geometry and the slip distribution along the fault planes. The inversion is conducted by introducing also seismological constraints, leading to the definition of a listric geometry for the Azgeleh mainshock rupture that accommodates the slip area at depth of 10–16 km along a sub-horizontal plane (dipping ~3°) and a low-angle (~16°) ramp. The thrust and dextral movements along this NNW-striking (~345°) fault have triggered a tear fault responsible for the Tazehabad event ruptured an east–west trending (~267°), north-dipping (~78°) sinistral shear fault. We present the dextral slip distribution of the Sarpol-e Zahab event along a NE-striking (~34°) fault, as a synthetic Riedel structure for the southern segment of the Khanaqin fault, dipping 63° to the southeast. We find the postseismic deformation field associated with the seismic sequence is not confined only to the mainshock source (the Azgeleh fault), but also develops along the Tazehabad and Sarpol-e Zahab faults. We additionally propose afterslip along a duplex, flat-ramp-flat structure down-dip and up-dip of the Azgeleh coseismic slip area. The up-dip afterslip develops onto the shallow detachment (~3°) at depth of ~8 km and the down-dip afterslip propagate onto the mid-crustal décollement level within the Pan-African basement. The Azgeleh, Tazehabad, Sarpol-e Zahab and Khanaqin faults mark the Lurestan Arc–Kirkuk Embayment sharp margin in the Northwest Zagros and play a key role in the lateral escape of the Lurestan Salient and vertical strain partitioning in the Zagros front.
    Description: Published
    Description: 112224
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-16
    Description: Data-intensive science communities are progressively adopting FAIR practices that enhance the visibility of scientific breakthroughs and enable reuse. At the core of this movement, research objects contain and describe scientific information and resources in a way compliant with the FAIR principles and sustain the development of key infrastructure and tools. This paper provides an account of the challenges, experiences and solutions involved in the adoption of FAIR around research objects over several Earth Science disciplines. During this journey, our work has been comprehensive, with outcomes including: an extended research object model adapted to the needs of earth scientists; the provisioning of digital object identifiers (DOI) to enable persistent identification and to give due credit to authors; the generation of content-based, semantically rich, research object metadata through natural language processing, enhancing visibility and reuse through recommendation systems and third-party search engines; and various types of checklists that provide a compact representation of research object quality as a key enabler of scientific reuse. All these results have been integrated in ROHub, a platform that provides research object management functionality to a wealth of applications and interfaces across different scientific communities. To monitor and quantify the community uptake of research objects, we have defined indicators and obtained measures via ROHub that are also discussed herein.
    Description: Published
    Description: 550-564
    Description: 5IT. Osservazioni satellitari
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: earth science ; research objects ; FAIR principles ; Semantic technologies ; 05.01. Computational geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: A systematic multi-parameter and multi-platform approach to study the slow process of earthquake preparation is fundamental to gain some insights on this complex phenomenon. In particular, an important contribution is the integrated analysis between ground geophysical data and satellite data. In this paper we review some of the more recent results and suggest the next directions of this kind of research. Our intention is not to detect a particular precursor but to understand the physics underlying the various observations and to establish a reliable physical model of the preparation phase before an impending earthquake. In this way, future investigation will search for suitable fore-patterns, which the physical model of multi-layers coupling predicts and characterizes by quasi-synchronism in time and geo-consistency in space. We also present alternative explanations for some anomalies which are not actually related to earthquakes, rather to other natural or anthropic processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 17-33
    Description: 2A. Fisica dell'alta atmosfera
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Slip distribution on fault planes is usually retrieved by geodetic data assuming the local crust as an elastic, homogeneous and isotropic half-space. Realistic complexities such as non-homogeneous elastic structure and topographic relief can be handled only by numerical methods. However, such elaborated models are computationally expensive and are usually implemented for forward modelling rather than for inversion purposes. On the other hand, spatially dense geodetic data (e.g. DInSAR displacement maps) often reveal complex patterns of coseismic deformation, pointing out the oversimplification of the analytical models. We develop a procedure to perform inversion of geodetic data based on Finite Element (FE) method, accounting for a more realistic description of the Earth crust, e.g. medium heterogeneity, anisotropy, topographic relief. FE computed Green Functions are implemented in an inversion framework to constrain the fault slip distribution in complex media. The method is applied to the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake. Three DInSAR maps of coseismic displacement from ENVISAT and COSMO-Skymed satellites are inverted simultaneously. The FE model includes the heterogeneities of the local crust. Results from inversions highlight the non-negligible influence of the medium structure: homogeneous and heterogeneous models show discrepancies in the fault slip distribution values up to 20%.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: San Francisco, USA
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismicity ; geodesy ; finite element ; inversion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Slip distribution on fault planes is usually retrieved by geodetic data assuming the local crust as an elastic, homogeneous and isotropic half-space. However, realistic complexities such as non-homogeneous elastic structure and topographic relief can be handled only by numerical methods. Such elaborated models are computationally expensive and are usually implemented for forward modelling rather than for inversion purposes. On the other hand, spatially dense geodetic data (e.g. DInSAR displacement maps) often reveal complex patterns of coseismic deformation, pointing out the oversimplification of the analytical models. We develop a procedure to perform inversion of geodetic data based on Finite Element (FE) method, accounting for a more realistic description of the Earth crust, e.g. medium heterogeneity, anisotropy, topographic relief. FE computed Green functions are implemented in an inversion framework to constrain the fault slip distribution in complex media. The method is applied to the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake (Mw 6.3). The fault geometry is constrained by three DInSAR maps of coseismic displacement from ENVISAT and COSMO-Skymed satellites. In addition to these re-computed images, we use near-field GPS data. The fault dip is fixed at 50°, in accordance to recently relocated aftershocks of the L’Aquila earthquake. We build a FE model including the fault geometry previously determined and the heterogeneities of the local crust. A linear inversion is performed to constrain the slip distribution in the heterogeneous medium. Results from inversions highlight the non-negligible influence of the medium structure: homogeneous and heterogeneous models show discrepancies in the fault slip distribution values up to 20%.
    Description: Published
    Description: Wien
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquake ; finite element
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the framework of the National Space Programme, and of the European GMES Programme, the Italian Space Agency (ASI) has funded several pilot projects aimed at demonstrating the full potential of Earth Observation data in the monitoring and management of natural hazards. The SIGRIS (Earth Observation System for Seismic Risk Management) pilot project has developed a hardware/software infrastructure for the generation of decision support products for the seismic risk management. A pre-operational demonstration of the SIGRIS system is being carried out since June 2009 and various products to be used by civil protection authorities in either the Knowledge & Prevention or Crisis Management phases of seismic risk management, have been generated. SIGRIS products to support the Knowledge & Prevention activities are based on the integration of satellite and ground-based observations to constrain analytical and numerical models of the tectonic strain accumulation and of its long-term effects on the earthquake source. They include crustal deformation maps from time series DInSAR and GPS, and fault models to improve the seismic hazard assessment. SIGRIS products for the Crisis Management phase are instead focused on the quick generation of value added information needed to devise damage or event scenarios, and typically consist of damage assessment maps from high resolution optical and SAR data, co-seismic displacements maps from DInSAR analysis, seismic source models, maps of earthquake-induced environmental effects (landslides, surface fractures, ecc.). For these products a near-real time capability is required and new constellations, as COSMO-SkyMed , can now provide the necessary temporal revisit to fulfil this need. The SIGRIS system is also depending on other SAR satellites to ensure a faster and better coverage of the disaster areas: ENVISAT, Radarsat, TerraSar X, ALOS. We will present examples of the SIGRIS decision support products based on the integration of Earth Observation and ground data and discuss important issues related to disaster applications, as EO data programming, fast data access, data archival.
    Description: Published
    Description: Bergen, NO
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: open
    Keywords: DInSAR ; COSMO-Skymed ; crustal deformation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-12-05
    Description: We investigated the contribution of earthquake-induced surface movements to the ground displacements detected through Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data, after the Mw 3.9 Ischia earthquake on 21 August 2017. A permanent displacement approach, based on the limit equilibrium method, allowed estimation of the spatial extent of the earthquake-induced landslides and the associated probability of failure. The proposed procedure identified critical areas potentially affected by slope movements partially overlapping the coseismic ground displacement retrieved by InSAR data. Therefore, the observed ground displacement field is the combination of both fault slip and surficial sliding caused by the seismic shaking. These findings highlight the need to perform preliminary calculations to account for the non-tectonic contributions to ground displacements before any estimation of the earthquake source geometry and kinematics. Such information is fundamental to avoid both the incorrect definition of the source geometry and the possible overestimation of the coseismic slip over the causative fault. Moreover, knowledge of the areas potentially affected by slope movements could contribute to better management of a seismic emergency, especially in areas exposed to high seismic and hydrogeological risks.
    Description: Published
    Description: 0303
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Ischia earthquake ; InSAR ; landslides ; ground displacements
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-03-27
    Description: Volcanic eruptions emit large quantities of gas and solid particles into the atmosphere, with significant impact on environment, climate, human health and air traffic. The EVER-EST project (European Virtual Environment for Research - Earth Science Themes: a solution) is a H2020 project (2015-2018) having as focus the creation of a Virtual Research Environment (VRE) to enhance the ability to interoperate and share knowledge in Earth Science community. Using the VRE, the scientists should be able to collaborate with colleagues located in different parts of the world, to remotely access and share data and research results, to carry out training sessions and discussions, to compare different results and models. Through the VRE, using the Rohub concept (www.rohub.org.), the researchers will have the opportunity to reuse data and, above all, algorithms developed by others scientists. The VPR (Volcanic Plume Removal) procedure, for the retrieval of volcanic ash, ice and SO2 cloud parameters has been implemented into VRE, for the processing of the MODIS sensor data on board the polar NASA Aqua/Terra satellite platforms. In this work the VPR procedure, implemented into the VRE platform, is considered to process all the MODIS images collected during one of the biggest lava fountains occurred at Etna volcano after 2011, the 03 - 09 December 2015 eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna, Austria
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Keywords: Virtual Research Environment ; VRE ; EVER-EST ; Rohub ; Research Obiect ; Volcanic Plume Removal ; volcanic ash ; MODIS ; NASA Aqua/Terra satellite ; Etna ; volcano ; eruption
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Geohazard Supersites and Natural Laboratories initiative (GSNL) is a global partnership among the geophysical scientific community and the satellite and in situ data providers, aiming to promote scientific advancements in the knowledge of seismic and volcanic phenomena. Supersites represent local test beds where to experiment coordination, collaboration and communication approaches and technological solutions which are tailored to the local situation, to ensure that the scientific community can contribute the information needed for the best possible decision making.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna, Austria
    Description: 2SR. VULCANI - Servizi e ricerca per la Società
    Keywords: Supersites ; Open Science ; Disaster Risk Reduction ; GEO Group on Earth Observations ; GSNL ; Geohazard ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-03-14
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 1SR. TERREMOTI - Servizi e ricerca per la Società
    Description: 2SR. VULCANI - Servizi e ricerca per la Società
    Keywords: Geohazard Supersites ; Group on Earth Observation ; Open Science ; Disaster Risk Reduction ; 05.02. Data dissemination
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: web product
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