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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-01-30
    Description: A new system is presented that allows the continuous measurement of methane and carbon dioxide concentrations in surface waters autonomously using ships of opportunity. The analytical setup consists of a methane carbon dioxide-Analyzer (MCA, Los Gatos Research) joined to an established equilibrator setup. The analyzer uses off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS) and combines a highly specific infrared band laser with a set of strongly reflective mirrors to obtain an effective laser path length of several kilometers. This allows detecting methane and carbon dioxide in the equilibrated gas phase with high recision (less than 0.1%) and frequency. The system was installed on the cargo ship Finnmaid (Finnlines) in November 2009, which commutes regularly in the Baltic Sea between Travemünde (Germany), Gdynia (Poland), and Helsinki (Finland). Methane concentrations of the equilibrated gas phase measured by gas chromatography and by the MCA during lab tests are in excellent agreement. The comparison of carbon dioxide data measured by the MCA system to CO2 values gathered from the same type of equilibrator in combination with a LICOR CO2 detector (Schneider et al. 1992) during onboard operation show concordant results. The time constant for the system in freshwater at room temperature was determined to be 676 s for CH4 and 226 s for CO2. Additional performance tests are presented. First field results show large regional differences with remarkable features, especially in shallow regions, demonstrating the need for the high spatiotemporal data coverage provided by the instrument.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Keywords: 34FM20080131-track; Algorithm; BS-2008-02; CT; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric, interpolated/gridded; DEPTH, water; Distance; extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2; extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2); extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project; extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005; Finnmaid; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pressure, atmospheric, interpolated; Quality flag; Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al., 2013); Salinity; Salinity, interpolated; SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project; Temperature, water; Underway cruise track measurements; xCO2 (air), interpolated
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 191345 data points
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  • 3
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Keywords: 34FM20080430-track; Algorithm; BS-2008-05; CT; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric, interpolated/gridded; DEPTH, water; Distance; extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2; extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2); extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project; extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005; Finnmaid; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pressure, atmospheric, interpolated; Quality flag; Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al., 2013); Salinity; Salinity, interpolated; SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project; Temperature, water; Underway cruise track measurements; xCO2 (air), interpolated
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 295383 data points
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  • 4
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Keywords: 34FM20080531-track; Algorithm; BS-2008-06; CT; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric, interpolated/gridded; DEPTH, water; Distance; extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2; extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2); extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project; extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005; Finnmaid; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pressure, atmospheric, interpolated; Quality flag; Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al., 2013); Salinity; Salinity, interpolated; SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project; Temperature, water; Underway cruise track measurements; xCO2 (air), interpolated
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 264177 data points
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  • 5
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Keywords: 34FM20081007-track; Algorithm; BS-2008-10; CT; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric, interpolated/gridded; DEPTH, water; Distance; extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2; extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2); extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project; extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005; Finnmaid; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pressure, atmospheric, interpolated; Quality flag; Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al., 2013); Salinity; Salinity, interpolated; SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project; Temperature, water; Underway cruise track measurements; xCO2 (air), interpolated
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 177584 data points
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  • 6
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Keywords: 2007-08-BS; 34FM20070801-track; Algorithm; CT; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric, interpolated/gridded; DEPTH, water; Distance; extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2; extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2); extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project; extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005; Finnmaid; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pressure, atmospheric, interpolated; Quality flag; Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al., 2013); Salinity; Salinity, interpolated; SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project; Temperature, water; Underway cruise track measurements; xCO2 (air), interpolated
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 170573 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 7
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Keywords: 34FM20090430-track; Algorithm; BS-2009-05; CT; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric, interpolated/gridded; DEPTH, water; Distance; extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2; extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2); extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project; extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005; Finnmaid; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pressure, atmospheric, interpolated; Quality flag; Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al., 2013); Salinity; Salinity, interpolated; SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project; Temperature, water; Underway cruise track measurements; xCO2 (air), interpolated
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 220506 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 8
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Keywords: 34FM20090901-track; Algorithm; BS-2009-09; CT; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric, interpolated/gridded; DEPTH, water; Distance; extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2; extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2); extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project; extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005; Finnmaid; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pressure, atmospheric, interpolated; Quality flag; Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al., 2013); Salinity; Salinity, interpolated; SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project; Temperature, water; Underway cruise track measurements; xCO2 (air), interpolated
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 255552 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 9
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Keywords: 34FM20081104-track; Algorithm; BS-2008-11; CT; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric, interpolated/gridded; DEPTH, water; Distance; extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2; extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2); extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project; extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005; Finnmaid; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pressure, atmospheric, interpolated; Quality flag; Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al., 2013); Salinity; Salinity, interpolated; SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project; Temperature, water; Underway cruise track measurements; xCO2 (air), interpolated
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 100826 data points
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  • 10
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Keywords: 34FM20100801-track; Algorithm; BS-2010-08; CT; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric, interpolated/gridded; DEPTH, water; Distance; extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2; extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2); extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project; extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005; Finnmaid; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pressure, atmospheric, interpolated; Quality flag; Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al., 2013); Salinity; Salinity, interpolated; SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project; Temperature, water; Underway cruise track measurements; xCO2 (air), interpolated
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 287694 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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