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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Geology. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (507 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783540680468
    DDC: 55
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Fluid Dynamics of Mantle Plumes -- Tracing the Hawaiian Mantle Plume by Converted Seismic Waves -- Iceland: The current picture of a ridge-centred mantle plume -- Iceland: The current picture of a ridge-centred mantle plume -- Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the French Massif Central Plume -- Geodynamic Setting of the Tertiary Hocheifel Volcanism (Germany), Part I: 40Ar/39Ar geochronology -- Geodynamic Setting of the Tertiary Hocheifel Volcanism (Germany), Part II: Geochemistry and Sr, Nd and Pb Isotopic Compositions -- The Quaternary Volcanic Fields of the East and West Eifel (Germany) -- Thermal and Geochemical Evolution of the Shallow Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle Beneath the Eifel: Constraints from Mantle Xenoliths, a Review -- He-Ne-Ar Isotope Systematics of Eifel and Pannonian Basin Mantle Xenoliths Trace Deep Mantle Plume-Lithosphere Interaction Beneath the European Continent -- Quaternary Uplift in the Eifel Area -- The Seismic Signature of the Eifel Plume -- Upper Mantle Structure Beneath the Eifel from Receiver Functions -- Rayleigh Wave Dispersion in the Eifel Region -- Seismic Anisotropy in the Asthenosphere Beneath the Eifel Region, Western Germany -- Gravity Observations in the Western Rhenish Massif and Forward Modelling of the Eifel Plume Bouguer Anomaly -- Back Matter.
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  • 2
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Synchrotron ; Strahlrohr ; Seismische Welle
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 31 S., 8,13 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: KIT scientific working papers 15
    Language: English , English
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader. , Text in engl.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-02-13
    Description: Atmospheric processes, ranging from microscale turbulence to severe storms on the synoptic scale, impact the continuous ground motion of the earth and have the potential to induce strong broad-band noise in seismological recordings. We designed a target-oriented experiment to quantify the influence of wind on ground motion velocity in the Dead Sea valley. For the period from March 2014 to February 2015, a seismological array, consisting of 15 three-component short-period and broad-band stations, was operated near Madaba, Jordan, complemented by one meteorological tower providing synchronized, continuous three-component measurements of wind speed. Results reveal a pronounced, predominantly linear increase of the logarithmic power of ground motion velocity with rising mean horizontal wind speed at all recording stations. Measurements in rough, mountainous terrain further identify a strong dependency of wind-induced noise on surface characteristics, such as topography and, therefore, demonstrate the necessity to consider wind direction as well. To assess the noise level of seismological recordings with respect to a dynamically changing wind field, we develop a methodology to account for the dependency of power spectral density of ground motion velocity on wind speed and wind direction for long, statistically significant periods. We further introduce the quantitative measure of the ground motion susceptibility to estimate the vulnerability of seismological recordings to the presence of wind.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The region around the town Albstadt, SW Germany, was struck by four damaging earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 5 during the last century. These earthquakes occurred along the Albstadt Shear Zone (ASZ), which is characterized by more or less continuous microseismicity. As there are no visible surface ruptures that may be connected to the fault zone, we study its characteristics by its seismicity distribution and faulting pattern. We use the earthquake data of the state earthquake service of Baden-Württemberg from 2011 to 2018 and complement it with additional phase picks beginning in 2016 at the AlpArray and StressTransfer seismic networks in the vicinity of the ASZ. This extended data set is used to determine new minimum 1-D seismic vp and vs velocity models and corresponding station delay times for earthquake relocation. Fault plane solutions are determined for selected events, and the principal stress directions are derived. The minimum 1-D seismic velocity models have a simple and stable layering with increasing velocity with depth in the upper crust. The corresponding station delay times can be explained well by the lateral depth variation of the crystalline basement. The relocated events align about north–south with most of the seismic activity between the towns of Tübingen and Albstadt, east of the 9∘ E meridian. The events can be separated into several subclusters that indicate a segmentation of the ASZ. The majority of the 25 determined fault plane solutions feature an NNE–SSW strike but NNW–SSE-striking fault planes are also observed. The main fault plane associated with the ASZ dips steeply, and the rake indicates mainly sinistral strike-slip, but we also find minor components of normal and reverse faulting. The determined direction of the maximum horizontal stress of 140–149∘ is in good agreement with prior studies. Down to ca. 7–8 km depth SHmax is bigger than SV; below this depth, SV is the main stress component. The direction of SHmax indicates that the stress field in the area of the ASZ is mainly generated by the regional plate driving forces and the Alpine topography.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: Im Rahmen einer nachhaltigen Energie- und Rohstoffversorgung wird in Zukunft die Nutzung regionaler Georessourcen verstärkt. Hierfür werden auch zunehmend unterirdische Räume einbezogen, die durch Bergwerke oder Bohrungen zugänglich gemacht werden. Der Oberrheingraben in Rheinland- Pfalz ist hierfür ein interessanter Standort, da dort Erdöl, geothermische Wärme und Speichergesteine für Fluide und Gase vorkommen. Bergmännische Eingriffe in den tiefen Untergrund sind häufig mit dem Auftreten induzierter – d.h. menschlich verursachter – Seismizität verbunden, die meist unterhalb der menschlichen Spürbarkeitsgrenze bleibt. Wenn die Spürbarkeitsgrenze überschritten wird, dann ergeben sich Akzeptanzprobleme und bei stärkeren Ereignissen können auch wirtschaftliche Schäden eintreten. Daher ist eine rechtzeitige Entwicklung von leistungsfähigen Überwachungskonzepten notwendig, um eine transparente Überwachung und eventuelle Gegensteuerung bei zunehmender induzierter Seismizität zu erreichen. Wichtige Elemente sind die kontinuierliche präzise Datenakquisition und Analyse in Echtzeit sowie eine transparente, offene und langfristige Messdatenspeicherung. Die Überwachung und wissenschaftliche Analyse induzierter Seismizität sind Voraussetzungen, um eine Wirtschaftlichkeit der Förderung von tiefen Georessourcen und deren Akzeptanz in der Bevölkerung zu erreichen. Das Ministerium für Umwelt, Verbraucherschutz und Forsten des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz hatte diese Studie unterstützt. Diskussionen mit vielen Kollegen haben zur Entwicklung wichtiger Gedanken beigetragen, besonders danken möchte ich Herrn Dr. R. Fritschen, Herrn Dr. J. Groos und Herrn Geologierat B. Schmidt. Die Karten wurden mit GMT (Wessel & Smith 1998) erstellt.
    Description: Abstract: In the future the utilisation of regional georesources will increase to provide us with a sustainable supply of energy and mineral resources. The exploitation of these georesources will lead to an increase of deep mining and drilling activities worldwide. Especially the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, SW Germany, is an interesting region for such deep mining, because there are oil, geothermal heat and also porous sediment layers which can serve as caverns for fluids and gas. However, deep mining activities are often related to man-made or induced seismicity. This means that small seismic events start or increase to occur due to the intervention into the natural tectonic stress regime. Typically these events are below human perception. In case such events are above a certain level of perception, they will derogate the acceptance of deep mining activities by the local population. Stronger events can even cause damage. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient monitoring concepts which will allow a transparent monitoring procedure or even help one to introduce countermeasures against perceptible induced seismicity. I argue that the principal elements for such a monitoring procedure are continuous and precise data acquisition and data analysis, both in real-time, as well as a transparent, open and long-term data storage. Such a monitoring system and accompanying research on induced seismicity are requirements to achieve economic efficiency and acceptance by the population for the exploitation of valuable underground resources.
    Description: 1. Hintergrund 2. Zielsetzungen für die Überwachung induzierter Seismizität 3. Hochauflösendes seismologisches Netzwerk 4. Folgerungen Schriften
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:551.220287 ; Rheinland-Pfalz ; Oberrheingraben ; Seismik
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-03-29
    Description: Herdflächenlösungen stellen Bruchflächen von Scherbrüchen geometrisch im Raum dar und werden aus den Polaritäten von Erdbebenwellen bestimmt. Einige der induzierten Mikroerdbeben im Bereich Landau und Insheim in der Südpfalz, die sich seit 2006 ereignen, wurden mit ausreichendem Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis an genügend vielen Messstationen beobachtet, um Herdflächenlösungen berechnen zu können. Diese Lösungen können unter Einbeziehung von Relativlokalisierungen und bekannten tektonischen Strukturen als bevorzugt nordnordwest-südsüdost (NNWSSo) streichende Scherbrüche interpretiert werden. Die Scherbrüche haben meist einen Abschiebungsmechanismus mit einer dextralen Blattverschiebungskomponente, deren Anteil variiert. Die untersuchten Erdbeben werden durch Fluidinjektion erklärt, welche die Scherfestigkeit präexistenter Strukturelemente der Rheingrabenbildung reduziert und diese alten Bruchflächen reaktiviert haben.
    Description: Abstract: In the region of Landau and Insheim, Central upper Rhine Graben, SW Germany, micro-earthquakes occur since spring 2006 due to fluid injection in the uppermost crust. These events provide important information on the structures and state of stress at depth. Here we determine fault plane solutions of the micro-earthquakes in order to understand the rupture mechanisms and stress relations at depths. Together with the relative locations of the hypocentres a prevailing NNW-SSE striking normal faulting regime is found which has a variable minor dextral strike-slip component. This result can be well explained with existing NNW-SSE striking faults which were formed during the opening of the upper Rhine Graben. These faults are reac - tivated by the fluid injection which most probably reduces the normal stress on the faults due to the fluid pressure at depth.
    Description: 1. Hintergrund 2. untersuchungsgebiet 3. Methode 4. Datenaufbereitung und Datenanalyse 5. Ergebnisse 6. Synthetische Modellierung 7. Interpretation Schriften
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; Erdbeben ; Pfalz ; Oberrheingraben
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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