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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Saint Louis :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Mitosis -- Regulation. ; Meiosis. ; Molecular biology. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Molecular Regulation of Nuclear Events in Mitosis and Meiosis presents papers from researchers in various fields engaged in the scientific study of molecular mechanisms involved in the control of nuclear events in meiotic and mitotic cell activity. Various articles in the book discuss a wide range of topics such as the development of cytoplasmic activities that control chromosome cycles during maturation of amphibian oocytes; dynamics of the nuclear lamina during mitosis and meiosis; role of protein phosphorylation in xenopus oocyte meiotic maturation; and cell cycle studies of histone modifications. Molecular and cell biologists, oncologists, and biochemists will find the book invaluable.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (390 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781483272702
    DDC: 574.87623
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Molecular Regulation of Nuclear Events in Mitosis and Meiosis -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Development of Cytoplasmic Activities That Control Chromosome Cycles during Maturation of Amphibian Oocytes -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. OOCYTE MATURATION -- III. MATURATION-PROMOTING FACTOR (MPF) -- IV. CYTOSTATIC FACTOR (CSF) -- V. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. Dynamics of the Nuclear Lamina during Mitosis and Meiosis -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. DYNAMICS OF THE NUCLEAR LAMINA IN MITOSIS -- III. DYNAMICS OF THE NUCLEAR LAMINA DURING MEIOTIC PROPHASE -- IV. DYNAMICS OF THE NUCLEAR LAMINA DURING EGG MATURATION AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT -- V. COMPARISON OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE NUCLEAR LAMINA DURING MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. Regulation of Nuclear Formation and Breakdown in Cell-Free Extracts of Amphibian Eggs -- I. INTRODUCTION -- IL REGULATION OF PRONUCLEAR FORMATION -- III. REGULATION OF CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION -- IV. THE ROLE OF MPF, Ca2+ IONS, AND PROTEINPHOSPHORYLATION IN CONTROLLING NUCLEAR ENVELOPE BREAKDOWN, CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION, AND SPINDLE ASSEMBLY IN CELL-FREE EXTRACTS -- V. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. Role of Protein Phosphorylation in Xenopus Oocyte Meiotic Maturation -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. MATURATION-INHIBITING PHOSPHOPROTEINS (Mp-P) AND cAMP -- III. PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION AND MATURATION-PROMOTING FACTOR (MPF) ACTIVITY -- IV. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. Maintenance of Oocyte Meiotic Arrest by Follicular Fluid Factors -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. CHARACTERIZATION OF FOLLICULAR FLUID OOCYTE MATURATION INHIBITOR (OMI) BY USE OF ISOLATED MAMMALIAN OOCYTES. , III. HYPOXANTHINE IN PIG FOLLICULAR FLUID AS THE PRINCIPAL INHIBITOR OF MOUSE OOCYTE MATURATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) REVERSAL OF cAMP-MAINTAINED MEIOTIC ARREST -- IV. ASSAY FOR AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN FOLLICULAR FLUID OMI BY USE OF OOCYTES FROM THE AMPHIBIAN , XENOPUS LAEVIS -- V. FAILURE TO INHIBIT XENOPUS OOCYTE MATURATION BY USE OF EXOGENOUS HYPOXANTHINE IN COMBINATION WITH N6,2' -O-DIBUTYRYL-cAMP (Bt2-CYCLIC AMP) -- VI. HOW DO THE INHIBITORY FACTORS PRESENT IN FOLLICULAR FLUID MAINTAIN MEIOTIC ARREST IN OOCYTES? -- VII. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. Regulation of Chromatin Condensation and Decondensation in Sea Urchin Pronuclei -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. MITOTIC AND PREMATURE CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION -- III. MALE PRONUCLEAR DECONDENSATION -- IV. CONCLUSIONS -- ADDENDUM -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7. Regulation of Mitosis by Nonhistone Protein Factors in Mammalian Cells -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. THE MITOTIC FACTORS -- III. INHIBITORS OF THE MITOTIC FACTORS -- IV. ROLE OF PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION AND DEPHOSPHORYLATION IN THE REGULATION OF NUCLEAR EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS -- V. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8. Mitosis-Specific Cytoplasmic Protein Kinases -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. IDENTIFICATION OF PROTEIN KINASES IN CELLULAR EXTRACTS -- III. CELL CYCLE SPECIFICITY OF KINASE ACTIVITIES -- IV. COMPARISON OF KINASE ACTIVITIES WITH PROTEIN KINASES IMPLICATED IN MITOTIC EVENTS -- V. COMPARISON OF KINASE ACTIVITIES WITH MITOTIC FACTORS -- VI. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9. Antibodies to Mitosis-Specific Phosphoproteins -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO CELLS IN MITOSIS -- III. CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIGENS REACTIVE WITH MPM-1 AND MPM-2. , IV. CYTOLOGICAL LOCALIZATION OF ANTIGENS REACTIVE WITH MPM-1 AND MPM-2 -- V. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF MPM-1 AND MPM-2 ANTIBODIES -- VI. DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10. Mitosis-Specific Protein Phosphorylation Associated with Premature Chromosome Condensation in a ts Cell Cycle Mutant -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ISOLATION AND PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATIONOF THE tsBN2 CELL LINE -- III. INDUCTION OF PREMATURE CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION (PCC) IN tsBN2 CELLS AT THE NONPERMISSIVE TEMPERATURE -- IV. INDUCTION OF MITOSIS-SPECIFIC PHOSPHORYLATION IN tsBN2 CELLS BY TEMPERATURE SHIFT -- V. NEWLY SYNTHESIZED PROTEIN(S) IN tsBN2 CELLS SHOWING PCC -- VI. DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11. Chromatin Structure and Histone Modifications through Mitosis in Plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION -- III. CONTROL OF CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION -- IV. CELL CYCLE STUDIES OF HISTONE MODIFICATIONS -- V. HISTONE H1° -- VI. HISTONE H1 KINASES -- VII. DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Index.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 22 (1979), S. 1096-1100 
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 225 (1970), S. 159-164 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] DNA synthesis and mitosis are inducible in multinucleate HeLa cells formed by fusion between cells in different phases of the life ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 15 (1985), S. 20-25 
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Since the male antifertility drug, gossypol, was shown to be a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis at moderately low doses in cultured cells, its antitumor potential has been evaluated in three murine tumor models. The effects of gossypol on tumor growth and the survival of 10-to 12-week-old BDF1 mice bearing mouse mammary adenocarcinoma 755 (Ca 755) or P388 or L1210 leukemias, all injected IP, were measured. At an optimum dose of 0.5 mg/mouse given as a single injection at 2 days (48 h) after the inoculation of 105 Ca 755 tumor cells, gossypol rendered 66% of the mice free of tumor cells, whereas the remaining 34% died of drug toxicity. The survival rate decreased sharply at doses on either side of the optimum. At suboptimal doses a major proportion of the tumor-bearing mice died of tumor, whereas at higher doses all the animals died of drug toxicity. In other words, the effective dose range of gossypol was rather narrow. The rapidly proliferating mouse leukemias, P388 and L1210, failed to respond to gossypol. Histopathological studies of various organs in the gossypol-treated mice revealed no consistent lesions that could give an indication of organ-specific toxicity of gossypol. The reduction in the myeloid series in the bone marrow of gossypol-treated mice may have been due to depletion rather than direct toxic effect. Further studies are essential to evaluate this compound with regard to its antitumor activity in other murine models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromosoma 45 (1974), S. 121-131 
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The behaviour of heterochromatin during premature chromosome condensation (PCC) was studied in a cell line of Microtus agrestis after fusion with mitotic HeLa cells. In the G1- and G2-PCC, the heterochromatic nature of the X-chromosomes was detectable by their intense staining. The pulverized appearance of the S-phase PCC was correlated with incorporation of 3H TdR into the DNA. Three types of S-PCC were observed. PCC with a pulverized appearance of: (a) only the autosomes (early S); (b) autosomes and X-chromosomes (mid S); and (c) only the X-chromosomes (late S). The behaviour of heterochromatin during replication, as observed by the PCC method, was no different from that of euchromatin. The data on the sequence of chromosome replication indicate that the centromeric regions of the X-chromosomes were the last segments to replicate. The completion of DNA synthesis in the X-chromosomes appears to be followed by progressive chromosome condensation during G2 even before the actual initiation of prophase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 23 (1974), S. 235-258 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Chromosomen eukaryoter Zellen sind normalerweise nur für den kurzen Augenblick der Zellteilung sichtbar. Fusioniert man jedoch Mitosezellen mit Interphasezellen, so wird in den letzteren eine “vorzeitige Chromosomenkondensation” (engl.: premature chromosome condensation, PCC) induziert. Die Morphologie der vorzeitig kondensierten Chromosomen hängt von dem Stadium des Zellcyclus ab, in dem sich die Interphasetehen befinden: G1-Chromosomen sind sehr lange, einsträngige Gebilde, G2-Chromosomen bestehen aus zwei Chromatiden, die noch länger als Prophasechromosomen sind, und S-Chromosomen erscheinen “pulverisiert”, was offensichtlich auf eine stärkere Entspiralisierung des Chromatins an den Replikationsstellen zurückzuführen ist. Hiernach lassen sich heute einige ältere cytologische Befunde als vorzeitige Kondensation ganzer Chromosomensätze, einzelner Chromosomen und Chromosomenabschnitte interpretieren. Darüber hinaus haben die Untersuchungen an den vorzeitig kondensierten Chromosomen neue Einblicke in die Initiation der Mitose und den Kondensations-Dekondensations-Cyclus der Chromosomen während der Interphase ergeben. Die Anwendung dieser neuen Methode auf die Mutationsforschung und die klinische Cytogenetik wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Normally the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are visible only for a brief period during cell division. However, when mitotic cells are fused with interphase cells, a “premature chromosome condensation” (PCC) is induced in the interphase cells. The morphology of the prematurely condensed chromosomes varies according to the position of the interphase cell in the cell cycle: G1-PCC are very long and single-stranded; G2-PCC have two chromatids which are still longer than prophase chromosomes; S-PCC have a “pulverized” appearance, which is obviously due to less condensation of chromatin at the sites of replication. With this in mind, some older cytological findings can now be interpreted as premature condensation of whole chromosome sets, of single chromosomes, and of chromosomal regions. Furthermore, the studies on PCC shed new light on the initiation of mitosis and on the condensation-decondensation cycle of chromosomes during interphase. The application of this new method to mutagenesis and clinical cytogenetics is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) of HeLa cells synchronized in different phases of the cell cycle were analyzed by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the arrangement of the basic 30-nm chromatin fiber within interphase chromosomes associated with progression through the cell cycle. These studies revealed that highly condensed metaphase chromosomes and early G1-PCC consisted of tightly packed looping fibers. Early to mid G1-PCC were more extended and exhibited gyres suggestive of a despiralized chromonema. Further attenuation of PCC during progression through G1 was associated with a gradual transition from packed looping fibers to single extended longitudinal fibers. This process occurs prior to the initiation of DNA synthesis which appears to be localized within single longitudinal fibers. Following replication of a chromosome segment, extended longitudinal fibers were rapidly reorganized into packed looping fiber clusters concomitant with the formation of a multifibered chromosome axis. This results in the characteristic “pulverized” appearance of S-PCC when viewed by light microscopy. Subsequently, adjacent looping fiber domains coalesce, resulting in the uniformly packed, looping fiber arrangement observed in G2-PCC. Spiralization of the chromonema during the G2-mitotic transition results in the formation of highly compact metaphase chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 29 (1980), S. 47-57 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this review was to focus mainly on the molecular events related to the progression of cells through the G2 period to examine the cause for G2-arrest in mammalian cells after exposure to various anticancer drugs. With few exceptions, most of the eukaryotic cells exhibit a G2 period in their life cycles. The G2 period, which separates S phase from mitosis, represents the time necessary for the synthesis of the various components related to the condensation of chromosomes, assembly of the mitotic spindle, and cytokinesis. Continued synthesis of RNA and protein is necessary for the successful completion of G2 and the initiation of mitosis. Inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis, replacement of phenylalanine by its analog parafluorophenylalanine, or the elevation of intracellular cAMP concentrations, induce reversible G2 arrest in cultured cells. Exposure of cells to certain antineoplastic drugs also blocks cells preferentially in G2. This irreversible drug-induced G2 arrest is associated with extensive chromosome damage. The G2-arrested cells were found to be deficient in certain proteins that may be specific for the G2-mitotic transition. These mitotic or chromosome condensation factors synthesized during the G2 period, reach their maximum levels at mitosis. A preliminary characterization of the chromosome condensation factor revealed that it is a heat labile, Ca2+-sensitive, nondialyzable protein with a sedimentation value of 4–5S.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 44-54 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: monoclonal antibody ; phosphoproteins ; basal bodies ; morphogenesis ; Paramecium ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The presence of phosphorylated proteins associated with microtubule organizing centers in tissue culture cells during mitosis has been demonstrated by the use of monoclonal antibodies raised against mitotic HeLa cells [Vandre et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81:4439-4443, 1984]. We report here that in Paramecium two of the mitosis specific antibodies, MPM-1 and MPM-2, decorate throughtout the cell cycle all the microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) located in the cortex and in the oral apparatus (gullet). Immuno-electron microscopy showed that these antibodies labeled the electron-dense material surrounding basal bodies from which several microtubule networks as well as kinetodesmal fibers originate. During mitosis, these antibodies also stained other cortical cytoskeletal structures, the kinetodesmal fibers (MPM-1 and MPM-2) and the epiplasm (MPM-1). Among the different polypeptides recognized by the antibodies on immunoblots, three major ones of 60, 63, and 116 kDa were found to be common to the cortex (where several thousand ciliary basal bodies are anchored) and the oral apparatus (which comprises several hundred basal bodies around which various arrays of cytoplasmic microtubules are organized). Alkaline phosphatase treatment abolished the immunoreactivity of the polypeptides and the labeling observed by immunofluorescence. These results demonstrate that phosphorylated proteins are associated with all the known active microtubule organizing centers present in the cortex throughout the cell cycle of Paramecium. Furthermore they indicate that in Paramecium phosphorylation of proteins could also be involved in the cell cycle dependent dynamics of cortical cytoskeletal structures other than microtubules.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 91 (1977), S. 131-141 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The application of the phenomenon of premature chromosome condensation for cell cycle analysis in HeLa and CHO cells has been examined. Random populations of HeLa and CHO cells pulse labelled with H3-TdR were separately fused with mitotic HeLa cells using U.V. inactivated Sendai virus. The resulting prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) were scored and classified into G1, S and G2-PCC on the basis of both morphological and autoradiographic data. The results of this study indicated that the G1, S and G2 phase cells are equally susceptible to virus-induced fusion with mitotic cells and subsequent induction into PCC. Hence the PCC method for cell cycle analysis is both practical and accurate. This study also revealed that the process of chromosome decondensation initiated during the telophase of mitosis continues throughout the G1 period reaching an ultimate state of decondensation by the end of G1, at which point the fusion of such cells with those in mitosis yield PCC with the most diffused morphology instead of the discrete single stranded structures characteristic of early G1-PCC. Thus, the decondensation of chromatin during G1 appears to be a prerequisite for the subsequent initiation of DNA synthesis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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