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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Eastern Mediterranean tritium distribution in 1987
    Elsevier BV ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Marine Systems Vol. 20, No. 1-4 ( 1999-4), p. 49-61
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Systems, Elsevier BV, Vol. 20, No. 1-4 ( 1999-4), p. 49-61
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0924-7963
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0924-7963(98)00070-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 2
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    Component separation of oceanic helium
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 103, No. C12 ( 1998-11-15), p. 27931-27946
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 103, No. C12 ( 1998-11-15), p. 27931-27946
    Abstract: A new procedure to quantify the components of oceanic helium (“terrigenic” 3 He and 4 He released from the ocean floor and “tritiugenic” 3 He from tritium decay) is described. Terrigenic He and nonatmospheric 3 He (i.e., terrigenic and tritiugenic combined) are obtained in terms of measured concentrations of the He isotopes and also of neon (Ne) (which improves the separation considerably), assuming terrigenic He to vanish in the mixed layer. For the subsequent separation of terrigenic and tritiugenic 3 He, additional information is required and 3 He due to natural tritium represents a complication. The procedure is applied to data from a hydrographic section in the South Atlantic (19°S, 1991) and one in the Eastern Mediterranean (1987). The 1σ data precisions and a systematic error accounting for uncertainties in mixed‐layer He are approximately 0.3%. Sections of the new representations of oceanic He and 3 He and comparisons to the nearest classical quantities (i.e., 3 He, He) are presented. In the South Atlantic the 3 He distribution reflects the hydrographic structure. East of 20°W the average 3 He/ 4 He ratio of terrigenic He below 800 m is 4.5±0.8 times the atmospheric ratio, which implies a substantial contribution of crustal He. In the upper waters, tritiugenic 3 He (0.5 tritium units, ±20%) is separated from terrigenic 3 He. In the Eastern Mediterranean, tritiugenic 3 He is quantified throughout the water column in the presence of substantial levels of terrigenic He; the release rate of terrigenic He from the sea floor is found to be 3.1±1.2 10 10 atoms m −2 s −1 , similar to the rate for continental crust, with a mantle He contribution of 5±1.2% only. Recommendations for future work are to reduce the mentioned systematic error and the uncertainty margins of the He and Ne solubilities and of 3 He due to natural tritium.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/98JC02234
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1998
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  • 3
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    Carbon tetrachloride and chlorofluorocarbons in the South Atlantic Ocean, 19°S
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1994
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 99, No. C4 ( 1994-04-15), p. 7803-7819
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 99, No. C4 ( 1994-04-15), p. 7803-7819
    Abstract: Exploratory measurements of a suite of anthropogenic halocarbon compounds (CCl 4 , CCl 2 FCClF 2 (CFC‐113), CH 3 CCl 3 , CCl 3 F (CFC‐11)) were made using a new analytical technique on RV Meteor cruise 15 along 19°S (World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Line A9)) in the Atlantic Ocean during February–March 1991. A separate analytical system was used to determine CCl 2 F 2 (CFC‐12) and CCl 3 F (CFC‐11). A limited number of CFC‐113 profiles indicated that it was undetectable below 400–500 m. The CCl 4 data indicate that the entire Brazil Basin contains readily measurable levels of CCl 4 ( 〉 0.05 pmol kg −1 ), whereas the deep Angola Basin contains very low levels (≤0.02 pmol kg −1 ). Slightly higher levels were found close to the bottom in the deep Angola Basin: possibly an anthropogenic signature. In contrast, most of the deep Brazil Basin and all of the deep Angola Basin ( 〉 1000 m) had undetectable levels of CFC‐11, CFC‐12, and CFC‐113. Preindustrial levels of CCl 4 in the atmosphere were therefore negligible (atmospheric mixing ratio 〈 0.1 pptv). CCl 4 /CFC‐11 ratios are used to estimate apparent ages and dilution factors for the North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic Bottom Water. Whereas CCl 4 /CFC‐11/CFC‐12 levels are internally consistent in deep waters, suggesting near‐conservative behavior, there is evidence for very rapid removal of CCl 4 in the thermocline. Removal rates suggest that in addition to neutral hydrolysis, some other loss pathway must be involved.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/94JC00031
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1994
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  • 4
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    Tracing the flow of North Atlantic Deep Water using chlorofluorocarbons
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2000
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 105, No. C6 ( 2000-06-15), p. 14297-14323
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 105, No. C6 ( 2000-06-15), p. 14297-14323
    Abstract: Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hydrographic data collected in the North Atlantic in the late 1980s and early 1990s are used to confirm and add to earlier work on the large‐scale circulation pathways and timescales for the spreading of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) components and how these components relate to the hydrographic structure. Throughout the western North Atlantic, high CFC concentrations are coincident with newly formed NADW components of Upper Labrador Sea Water (ULSW), Classical Labrador Sea Water (CLSW), and Overflow Waters (OW). ULSW is marked by a CFC maximum throughout the western subtropical and tropical Atlantic, and CLSW is marked by a CFC maximum north of 38°N in data collected in 1990–1992. Iceland‐Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) splits into two branches in the eastern basin, with one branch entering the western basin where it mixes with Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) and the densest branch flows southward along the bottom in the eastern basin. DSOW contributes the largest portion of the CFC signal in OW. It is estimated that these NADW components are at 60–75% equilibrium with the CFC concentration in the atmosphere at the time of formation. The large‐scale data set confirms that NADW spreads southward by complex pathways involving advection in the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC), recirculation in deep gyres, and mixing. Maps of the CFC distribution show that properties within the gyres are relatively homogeneous, particularly for OW, and there is a profound change at the gyre boundaries. The density of the core of ULSW increases in the equatorward direction because of entrainment by overlying northward flowing Upper Circumpolar Water and at the equator, ULSW has the same density as CLSW in the subtropics but is warmer and saltier. The density of OW decreases between the subpolar region and the subtropics. This is caused by the least dense part of OW exiting the subpolar region in the DWBC, while the densest component recirculates in the subpolar basins. Some variability is observed in OW density in the subtropics and tropics because of variability in mixing with Antarctic Bottom Water and changes in the subtropics that are probably related to the transport of different vintages of DSOW. Ages derived from CFC ratios show that the NADW components of northern origin spread throughout the western North Atlantic within 25–30 years. This corresponds to a spreading rate of 1–2 cm s −1 and is comparable to the time a climate anomaly introduced into the subpolar North Atlantic will take to penetrate the entire western North Atlantic Ocean.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999JC900274
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2000
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  • 5
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    Correction to “Component separation of oceanic helium” by Wolfgang Roether, Roland Well, Alfred Putzka, and Christine Rüth
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 106, No. C3 ( 2001-03-15), p. 4679-4679
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 106, No. C3 ( 2001-03-15), p. 4679-4679
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999JC000080
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 6
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    Planung und anforderungsgerechte Auswahl von FTS/Requirement-appropriate recommendation for automated guided vehicle systems
    VDI Fachmedien GmbH and Co. KG ; 2022
    In:  wt Werkstattstechnik online Vol. 112, No. 04 ( 2022), p. 232-237
    Details
    In: wt Werkstattstechnik online, VDI Fachmedien GmbH and Co. KG, Vol. 112, No. 04 ( 2022), p. 232-237
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1436-4980
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.37544/1436-4980-2022-04
    DOI: 10.37544/1436-4980-2022-04-32
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: VDI Fachmedien GmbH and Co. KG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
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    Surprisingly rapid spreading of newly formed intermediate waters across the North Atlantic Ocean
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1997
    In:  Nature Vol. 386, No. 6626 ( 1997-4), p. 675-679
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 386, No. 6626 ( 1997-4), p. 675-679
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/386675a0
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1997
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  • 8
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    Helium and neon implantation and memory observed in a quadrupole mass spectrometer
    Elsevier BV ; 1999
    In:  Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms Vol. 155, No. 1-2 ( 1999-7), p. 53-59
    Details
    In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Elsevier BV, Vol. 155, No. 1-2 ( 1999-7), p. 53-59
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0168-583X(99)00227-X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 9
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    Transport of newly ventilated deep water from the Iceland Basin to the Westeuropean Basin
    Elsevier BV ; 2001
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers Vol. 48, No. 8 ( 2001-8), p. 1793-1819
    Details
    In: Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, Elsevier BV, Vol. 48, No. 8 ( 2001-8), p. 1793-1819
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0967-0637
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0637(00)00107-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 10
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    A capillary‐column chromatographic system for efficient chlorofluorocarbon measurement in ocean waters
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 103, No. C8 ( 1998-07-15), p. 15959-15970
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 103, No. C8 ( 1998-07-15), p. 15959-15970
    Abstract: We describe a new gas chromatographic analytical system for the joint measurement of the chlorofluorocarbons CFC‐11, CFC‐12, and CFC‐113 and of CC1 4 in ocean waters. From measurements at sea and in the laboratory we find overall precisions for surface waters of ±0.6, 0.6, 1.5, and 2.4% and detection limits of 0.002, 0.002, 0.008, and 0.003 pmol/kg, for CFC‐12, CFC‐11, CFC‐113, and CC1 4 , respectively (1‐σ equivalents). The measurement repeat period is 17 min. A purge‐and‐trap approach, and other details, pay tribute to the work of Bullister and Weiss [1988]. A capillary column in combination with a low‐volume trap yields higher resolution than reported for other systems. There is füll separation of CFC‐12 from N 2 O and a satisfactory one of CFC‐113 from CH 3 I; to achieve the latter, a short packed column is operated in series with the main column. Slow purging of CC1 4 from the water samples contributes to its analytical error. The system is fully automated, allowing eight water samples and associated calibration measurements to be carried out unattented. Water samples are transferred into the system by means of flow‐through containers incorporating glass ampoules. Alternatively, the ampoules can be flame‐sealed, allowing sample storage for later analysis ashore. The performance of the system is assessed in some detail to serve as reference information for other CFC measurement systems and to direct future system tuning and developments. The system has been successfully employed at sea repeatedly. Sections from cruise M30/2, 1994 (Atlantic, 48° N), are presented as an example.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/98JC00140
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1998
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