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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018-09-12
    Description: Much uncertainty exists about the state of the oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the tropical Pacific over the last glacial cycle. Studies have been hampered by the fact that sediment cores suitable for study were concentrated in the western and eastern parts of the tropical Pacific, with little information from the central tropical Pacific. Here we present information from a suite of sediment cores collected from the Line Islands Ridge in the central tropical Pacific, which show sedimentation rates and stratigraphies suitable for paleoceanographic investigations. Based on the radiocarbon and oxygen isotope measurements on the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber, we construct preliminary age models for selected cores and show that the gradient in the oxygen isotope ratio of G. ruber between the equator and 8°N is enhanced during glacial stages relative to interglacial stages. This stronger gradient could reflect enhanced equatorial cooling (perhaps reflecting a stronger Walker circulation) or an enhanced salinity gradient (perhaps reflecting increased rainfall in the central tropical Pacific).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: The geological record encodes the relationship between climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) over long and short timescales, as well as potential drivers of evolutionary transitions. However, reconstructing CO 2 beyond direct measurements requires the use of paleoproxies and herein lies the challenge, as proxies differ in their assumptions, degree of understanding, and even reconstructed values. In this study, we critically evaluated, categorized, and integrated available proxies to create a high-fidelity and transparently constructed atmospheric CO 2 record spanning the past 66 million years. This newly constructed record provides clearer evidence for higher Earth system sensitivity in the past and for the role of CO 2 thresholds in biological and cryosphere evolution. Editor’s summary The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide is a fundamental driver of climate, but its value is difficult to determine for times older than the roughly 800,000 years for which ice core records are available. The Cenozoic Carbon dioxide Proxy Integration Project (CenCO2PIP) Consortium assessed a comprehensive collection of proxy determinations to define the atmospheric carbon dioxide record for the past 66 million years. This synthesis provides the most complete record yet available and will help to better establish the role of carbon dioxide in climate, biological, and cryosphere evolution. — H. Jesse Smith
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Rustic, G. T., Polissar, P. J., Ravelo, A. C., & DeMenocal, P. Relationship between individual chamber and whole shell Mg/Ca ratios in Trilobatus sacculifer and implications for individual foraminifera palaeoceanographic reconstructions. Scientific Reports, 11(1), (2021): 463, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80673-8.
    Description: Precisely targeted measurements of trace elements using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) reveal inter-chamber heterogeneities in specimens of the planktic foraminifer Trilobatus (Globigerinoides) sacculifer. We find that Mg/Ca ratios in the final growth chamber are generally lower compared to previous growth chambers, but final chamber Mg/Ca is elevated in one of thirteen sample intervals. Differences in distributions of Mg/Ca values from separate growth chambers are observed, occurring most often at lower Mg/Ca values, suggesting that single-chamber measurements may not be reflective of the specimen’s integrated Mg/Ca. We compared LA-ICPMS Mg/Ca values to paired, same-individual Mg/Ca measured via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to assess their correspondence. Paired LA-ICPMS and ICP-OES Mg/Ca show a maximum correlation coefficient of R = 0.92 (p 〈 0.05) achieved by applying a weighted average of the last and penultimate growth chambers. Population distributions of paired Mg/Ca values are identical under this weighting. These findings demonstrate that multi-chamber LA-ICPMS measurements can approximate entire specimen Mg/Ca, and is thus representative of the integrated conditions experienced during the specimen’s lifespan. This correspondence between LA-ICPMS and ICP-OES data links these methods and demonstrates that both generate Mg/Ca values suitable for individual foraminifera palaeoceanographic reconstructions.
    Description: This research was funded by National Science Foundation Grants OCE 1401649 and OCE 1405178, the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Climate Center, and the Columbia Center for Climate and Life.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: Here, we present a new record of SST for the time interval 30 to 17 Ma derived from the long‐chain alkenone unsaturation ratio uk'37 and TEX 86 at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site 1406A in the midlatitude North Atlantic. Results confirm that warm temperatures from 24°C to over 30°C prevailed in midlatitudes in this time and suggest a transition from colder early‐middle Oligocene to warmer average conditions after 24.5 Ma. Complex and temporally varying relationships are observed between North Atlantic SST and benthic δ18O in paired samples. Significant covariation is only observed around the Oligocene‐Miocene transition, coincident with a lower average marine ice extent. These North Atlantic temperature records provide a new context in which to examine the stability of climate and the Antarctic ice sheet during the Oligocene and early Miocene.
    Keywords: 342-U1405A; 342-U1406A; AGE; Alkenone, C37 total (C37:2+C37:3); Alkenone, unsaturation index UK'37; Branched and isoprenoid tetraether index; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Event label; Exp342; Foraminifera, benthic δ13C; Foraminifera, benthic δ18O; Helicosphaera spp.; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP; Joides Resolution; Paleogene Newfoundland Sediment Drifts; Sample code/label; Sea surface temperature; Size fraction 〉 0.063 mm, sand; Sortable-silt mean; SST, from TEX86, BAYESPARE (Tierney and Tingley, 2015); SST, from UK'37, BAYSPLINE (Tierney and Tingley, 2018); Tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 585 data points
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  • 5
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Ford, Heather L; Ravelo, Ana Christina; Polissar, Pratigya J (2015): Reduced El Nino-Southern Oscillation during the Last Glacial Maximum. Science, 347(6219), 255-258, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1258437
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major source of global interannual variability, but its response to climate change is uncertain. Paleoclimate records from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) provide insight into ENSO behavior when global boundary conditions (ice sheet extent, atmospheric partial pressure of CO2) were different from those today. In this work, we reconstruct LGM temperature variability at equatorial Pacific sites using measurements of individual planktonic foraminifera shells. A deep equatorial thermocline altered the dynamics in the eastern equatorial cold tongue, resulting in reduced ENSO variability during the LGM compared to the Late Holocene. These results suggest that ENSO was not tied directly to the east-west temperature gradient, as previously suggested. Rather, the thermocline of the eastern equatorial Pacific played a decisive role in the ENSO response to LGM climate.
    Keywords: 130-806A; 138-849A; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Joides Resolution; Leg130; Leg138; North Pacific Ocean; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 6
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Andrae, Jake William; McInerney, Francesca A; Polissar, Pratigya J; Sniderman, J M Kale; Howard, Sian; Hall, Philip Anthony; Phelps, Samuel (2018): Initial expansion of C4 vegetation in Australia during the late Pliocene. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(10), 4831-4840, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077833
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: The data are measurements of leaf wax n-alkane compound abundance and associated metrics of compound distribution, leaf wax n-alkane compound specific carbon isotope measurements, and pollen abundance from sediments of Ocean Drilling Program core 763A from the Exmouth Plateau off north-west Australia. From these data, aspects of late Cenozoic paleovegetation were reconstructed, with a particular focus on the onset of C4 vegetation expansion in the region.
    Keywords: 122-763A; C4 vegetation; Carbon; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; isotope; Joides Resolution; Leaf wax; Leg122; n-alkane; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Pollen; South Indian Ridge, South Indian Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 138-849A; Calculated from Mg/Ca ratios (Mohtadi et al. 2011); DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Globorotalia tumida, Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Joides Resolution; Leg138; North Pacific Ocean; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sample code/label; Sample ID; Sub-surface temperature; Timeslice
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1075 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 130-806A; Calculated from Mg/Ca ratios (Anand et al., 2003); DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Globigerinoides sacculifer, Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Joides Resolution; Leg130; Magnesium/Calcium ratio, standard deviation; Measured; Mg/Ca correction (Regenberg et al. 2006); North Pacific Ocean; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sample code/label; Sample ID; Sea surface temperature; Timeslice
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 987 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 138-849A; Calculated from Mg/Ca ratios (Anand et al., 2003); DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Globigerinoides sacculifer, Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Joides Resolution; Leg138; Magnesium/Calcium ratio, standard deviation; Measured; Mg/Ca correction (Regenberg et al. 2006); North Pacific Ocean; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sample code/label; Sample ID; Sea surface temperature; Timeslice
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1134 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 130-806A; Calculated from Mg/Ca ratios (Mohtadi et al. 2011); DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Globorotalia tumida, Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Joides Resolution; Leg130; North Pacific Ocean; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sample code/label; Sample ID; Sub-surface temperature; Timeslice
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 715 data points
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