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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A comparison of coincidental time series of the ocean surface height by satellite altimeter, mooring, and inverted echo sounder
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1995
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 100, No. C12 ( 1995-12-15), p. 25101-25108
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 100, No. C12 ( 1995-12-15), p. 25101-25108
    Abstract: Altimetric measurements of sea surface height at two locations in the western tropical Pacific Ocean are compared to estimates of the dynamic sea surface height computed from cotemporal surface‐to‐bottom temperature/salinity measurements on moorings and acoustic travel time measured by bottom‐moored inverted echo sounders. The results show statistically high correlation between the in situ measurements at periods greater than 5 days and between the altimeter and in situ measurements at periods greater than 20 days. The rms difference between any two modes of observation is consistently between 2 and 3 cm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/95JC01959
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1995
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seasonal Variability from a Model of the Tropical Atlantic Ocean
    American Meteorological Society ; 1983
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 1983-09), p. 1564-1588
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 1983-09), p. 1564-1588
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1983)013〈1564:SVFAMO〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1983
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of remote annual forcing in the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean
    Journal of Marine Research/Yale ; 1984
    In:  Journal of Marine Research Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 1984-02-01), p. 45-81
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Research, Journal of Marine Research/Yale, Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 1984-02-01), p. 45-81
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-2402 , 1543-9542
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1357/002224084788506167
    Language: English
    Publisher: Journal of Marine Research/Yale
    Publication Date: 1984
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    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Propagation of the Seasonal Upwelling in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic
    American Meteorological Society ; 1983
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 1983-01), p. 18-37
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 1983-01), p. 18-37
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1983)013〈0018:POTSUI〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1983
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  • 5
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    Zonal displacement of the western equatorial Pacific “fresh pool”
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 103, No. C1 ( 1998-01-15), p. 1087-1098
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 103, No. C1 ( 1998-01-15), p. 1087-1098
    Abstract: The distribution of salt in the tropical Pacific Ocean and its variability are potentially important in better understanding the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) ocean‐atmosphere coupled system. Complementary data sets (including sea surface salinity (SSS) derived from a ship‐of‐opportunity network, Geosat sea level and derived zonal surface currents, and outgoing longwave radiation‐derived precipitation, evaporation, and cruise measurements along the 165°E longitude) are used to describe and understand SSS changes in the western equatorial Pacific over several ENSO cycles. It is first shown that the 1974–1989 zonal displacements of the eastern edge of the western equatorial Pacific “fresh pool” (SSS 〈 35), marked by a salinity front and closely related to the eastern edge of the warm pool, were dominated by interannual variations that are highly correlated with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). Owing to the availability of basin‐wide Geosat surface current data, it is then shown that the eastward extension of the eastern edge of the fresh pool during the 1986–1987 El Niño, as well as the westward retreat during the 1988–1989 La Niña, were chiefly the result of zonal salt advection in the equatorial band. Although the equatorial upwelling extended toward the western Pacific during La Niña, its effectiveness in changing the near‐surface salinity (and temperature) is found questionable. Bearing in mind the uncertainty in determining open‐ocean precipitation, evaporation, and mixed‐layer depth, it appears that the net freshwater flux probably played a minor role in the zonal displacements of the eastern edge of the fresh pool, as compared to zonal salt advection. The roles of first baroclinic Kelvin and first meridional mode Rossby waves are discussed considering that they account in a large part for zonal advection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/97JC01912
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1998
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tropical pathways, equatorial undercurrent variability and the 1998 La Niña : TROPICAL PATHWAYS, VARIABILITY, LA NIÑA
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2002
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 29, No. 22 ( 2002-11), p. 37-1-37-4
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 29, No. 22 ( 2002-11), p. 37-1-37-4
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2002GL015073
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2002
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 7
    Online Resource
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    Ocean color variability of the tropical Indo‐Pacific basin observed by SeaWiFS during 1997–1998
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 104, No. C8 ( 1999-08-15), p. 18351-18366
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 104, No. C8 ( 1999-08-15), p. 18351-18366
    Abstract: High‐quality ocean color data (chlorophyll) provided by the Sea‐viewing Wide Field of view Sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite were analyzed for the first complete year of coverage (October 1997 to September 1998) in the tropical Indo‐Pacific basin. This period coincides with the peak of one of the strongest El Niño events during December 1997 and the La Niña of 1998 that appeared dramatically in less than a month as a sea surface temperature (SST) change of over 6°C in the central equatorial Pacific during June 1998. The tropical Indian Ocean also underwent a highly anomalous series of events with negative SST anomalies (SSTA) of over 3°C in the eastern equatorial and coastal regions during October‐December 1997 and warm SSTA in the west that peaked at over 2°C during February 1998. The ocean color variability is interpreted using other satellite data such as sea level from TOPEX/Poseidon and also in terms of the dynamics and thermodynamics of the region from simulations with an ocean general circulation model. The El Niño‐related reductions in equatorial production and the off‐equatorial increase in biological activity, and their basin scale evolution is clearly seen for the first time. Persistent northerly wind anomalies resulted in a northward shift of the equatorial divergence and the upwelling Kelvin wave which signalled the end of the 1997–1998 El Niño. The anomalous surface chlorophyll associated with this Kelvin wave was also clearly shifted north of the equator by nearly 300 km and appeared more than a month before the negative sea level anomalies seen by TOPEX/Poseidon. On the equator near 165°E, the disappearance of the barrier layer appeared to coincide with a localized bloom that occurred in response to the easterly wind bursts over the western Pacific that lasted from December 1997 through the boreal summer. The ecosystem response to the cold La Niña conditions is clearly seen as elevated chlorophyll during the boreal summer of 1998 in the equatorial Pacific cold tongue region. In the Indian Ocean, an anomalous phytoplankton bloom was observed by SeaWiFS during October‐December 1997 coincident with the anomalous upwelling in the eastern equatorial region and off the coast of Sumatra. A stronger than normal northeast monsoon is seen as higher than climatological values of surface chlorophyll. The open ocean Ekman pumping and the shoaling of the thermocline near 60°E and 10°S and the eastward extension of mixed layer entrainment in the same latitude band is seen as a region of higher biological activity during the boreal summer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999JC900135
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1999
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Use of the geostrophic approximation to estimate time‐varying zonal currents at the equator
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1989
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 94, No. C3 ( 1989-03-15), p. 3228-3236
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 94, No. C3 ( 1989-03-15), p. 3228-3236
    Abstract: Moored thermistor chains at 2°N and 2°S and current‐temperature moorings at 0° are used to examine the accuracy of geostrophically estimated zonal velocity on the equator in the eastern (110°W) and western (165°E) Pacific. The meridionally differentiated form of the geostrophic balance is used to eliminate large errors due to wind‐balanced cross‐equatorial pressure gradients. Statistical analyses indicate that for time scales longer than 30–50 days, the observed and geostrophically estimated zonal velocities are similar (correlation coefficients of 0.6–0.9 and comparable amplitudes). Thus low‐frequency equatorial current oscillations are reasonably well represented by the geostrophic approximation. However, the mean currents are poorly resolved with the available array. In the eastern Pacific the mean zonal speed difference over the 10‐month comparison period is 25 cm s −1 at 25 m and increases to 60 cm s −1 at 125 m. At 165°E mean differences in the upper 250 m are typically 50 cm s −1 over a 4‐month record. The principal reason for these large mean differences is that the meridional scale of the mean currents is smaller than the spacing of the moorings. Comparison of observed and geostrophic velocity profiles obtained from shipboard sampling indicates that meridional spacing of about 1° latitude would be optimum for estimating the zonal velocity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JC094iC03p03228
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1989
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
    Online Resource
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    Papers from the Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on TOGA/COARE
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1991
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 96, No. S01 ( 1991-01), p. 3123-3124
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 96, No. S01 ( 1991-01), p. 3123-3124
    Abstract: This special issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research is remarkable in bringing together papers relating to the coupled ocean‐atmosphere system, with emphasis on the western tropical Pacific region, and in doing so, temporarily reuniting the “Oceans” and the “Atmospheres” sections of the journal. In the western Pacific, the so‐called “warm pool,” containing the world's warmest open ocean surface waters is found. Here vigorous and complex air‐sea interactions are occurring on time scales ranging from intradiurnal to interannual, and on spatial scales ranging from a few kilometers (individual convective clouds), to the westerly wind burst which interacts with the ocean over thousands of kilometers, and to the 30‐ to 60‐day oscillation, which is global in scale but which is most energetic in the warm‐pool region. Understanding these interactions is extremely important for modeling and prediction of both short‐ and long‐term climate variability [ TOGA COARE Panel , 1990], since the deep convection over the warm pool provides the strongest heating source of the global upper troposphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/90JC02571
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1991
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evidence of Remote Forcing in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean
    American Meteorological Society ; 1982
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 1982-05), p. 457-463
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 1982-05), p. 457-463
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1982)012〈0457:EORFIT〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1982
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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